2022年高二英语教材知识点总结及重难点解析Unit13- .docx

_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全高二英语教材学问点总结及重难点解析 重点句型 1. Life in the oceans range from the tiniest plants all the way up to giants like sharks and whales. 2. Water is actually quite simple, but the way the water molecule is formed gives water its unique properties. 3. They form a polar molecule, that is, one with a slightly positive end and a slightly negative end. 4. The salinity of the earth's oceans is about thirty-five parts per thousand, meaning that there are about 35 grammes of dissolved solids and gases in one kilo of water. 5. Heat capacity is the amount of energy it takes to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree centigrade. 6. Water, which seems ,so simple and common, is what makes life possible. 7. Freedom fighters can be found everywhere and they are of all times. 8. From the late eighteenth century to well into the nineteenth century different people struggled for their rights. 重点词汇 1. sailor n. 水手2. transport n. & vt. 运输3. range vi.& n. 变动4. hydrogen n. 氢5. oxygen n. 氧气6. relative adj. 相对的7. solid n. 固体8. freezing adj. 冰冻的9. pure adj. 纯洁的Unit13-14 _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 1 页,共 35 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全10. relationship n. 关系11. float v. 漂浮12. decrease vi. 变小13. centigrade adj. 摄氏温度的14. absorb vt. 吸取15. stable adj. 稳固的16. steady adj. 平稳的17. trust vt. 信任18. nursery n. 保育院19. freedom n. 自由20. civil adj. 国内的,公民的21. murder vt. & n. 谋杀22. revolution n. 革命23. slavery n. 奴隶制24. soul n. 灵魂25. arrest vt. 逮捕26. race n. 人种；赛跑27. marriage n. 结婚28. forbid vt. 禁止,不许29. political adj. 政治的30. demand vt. & n. 要求31. lawyer n. 律师_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 2 页,共 35 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全32. act n. 法令33. politics n. 政治34. religion n. 宗教35. independence n. 独立36. abolish vt. 废止37. chapter n. 篇重点短语 1. benefit from 从 得益2. all the way 始终3. take advantage of 利用4. give off 释放5. a variety of 种类繁多的6. put.in prison 把 投入监狱7. join hands 联手8. set an example to 为 树立榜样9. from then on 从那时起10. start with 以 开头11. regardless of 不顾12. at first sight 乍一看13. call in 召集交际用语 1. What is it that makes the ocean such a great place to live. _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 3 页,共 35 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全2. The nutrients is whatever falls into the ocean will quickly become available to other living things. 3. What happened first was that . 4. One of the reasons why . is . 5. . is often followed by . 词汇短语 6. absorb v. 1 吸取Use the cbth to absorb the ink. 用布吸干墨水；She is a good student and absorbed new ideas quickly. 她是一个好同学,吸取新思想很快；2 常用被动, be absorbed in 全神贯注于；用心致志His business absorbed him. / He is absorbed in his business. 他用心处理业务；fabsorbing = very interesting 特别吸引人的；引人入胜的absorbed 人 精神集中的absorbent 能吸取水分等的1. benefit vi. 受益 n. 好处1 benefit from / by sth. = receive benefit from 受益于；得益Who will benefit from the old man's death. 那位老人死后谁将是受益人 . He hasn't benefited from the experience. 他虽有体验却无进步；2 benefit vt. 使受益；有利于；有益于 = do good to, to be useful to _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 4 页,共 35 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全Such foolish behaviour will not benefit your case. 这种愚蠢的行为不会对你的情形有利；3 n. 优越条件；利益；好处,相当于“ pmfit,advantage, good effect,通常与以下例句中所示的动词及介词连用；She had the benefit of a good education. 她受过良好的训练,这是她的优越之处；It is of great benefit to everyone. 这对于每个人都有极大的好处；Because of illness, she didn't get much benefit from her stay abroad. 她呆在国外因病而没得到多大的收成；【考点 1】 benefit 的用法 搭配： benefit from 从 中受益 for the benefit of 为了某人的利益 句型： be of great / much benefit to.= be very bene ficial to 对 有利有益 benefit sb / sth 使 获益【考例 1】 The book is of _ benefit _ us. A. great; for B. much; for C. very; beneficial D. great; to 考查目标 考查搭配与运用；答案与解析 D be of great / much beneit to.= be very beneficial to 表示 “ 对 有利有益 ”；13. demand v. & n. 要求,需要1 n. 要求,需要It is impossible to satisfy all demands. 有求必应是不行能的；Teachers are in great demand in this area. 在这个地区很需要老师；2 v. 要求,需要_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 5 页,共 35 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全I demand that John should go there at once. 我要约翰立刻去那儿；This work demands your patience. 这项工作需要你的耐心；【考点 3】 demand 的用法 搭配： supply and demand 供需 refuse / reject one's demands 拒绝某人的要求 satisfy / meet / fulfill one's demands 满意某人的要求 demand a reasonable an immediate explanation / answer 要求合理 立刻 说明答复 make strict demands on sb in sth 严格要求某人 = be strict with sb in sth 句型： sb demand to do sth 要求做某事 sb demand that主语 + should do sth 要求某人做某事 sb demand of sb to do sth = demand one's doing sth 要求某人做某事 make the demand that主语 + should do sth 要求某人做某事 sb. demand sth of / from sb 不容否定地 向某人要求某事某物 sth demand sth 需要 sb / sth be in great / high demand in sp.某地 急需 There is much / a great / no demand for sb / sth in sp. 某地急需不需要 辨析： demand； require 两词均意为 “ 需要,需求 ”,但 demand 指大胆地、权威性地要求对方或自己认为有权益向某人供应某物或提出做某事 · 其后不接动名词,可接名词或不定式,被要求 人小直接作 demand 的宾语； require 指因有需要或有权要求某物或做某事；含有权威性和公平性的语气；【Ir 指依据事物内在缘由提出的要求；demand,require 后接宾语从句时都要用虚拟语气； 友情提示：1 禁止使用 demand sb to do sth 结构；2 “某地急需 ” 仍可表达为 sth be in great need in sp. sb / sp. be in great need of sth _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 6 页,共 35 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全 sp. is short of sth 紧缺 【考例 3l She _ us to go there at once. A. demanded B. hoped C. required D. refused 考查目标 动词的常见结构及用法；demand 和 hope,refuse 都只能直接 答案与解析 C 接 to 如作宾语,而不接 sb to do sth结构；【考点 9】 discuss的用法 构词： discussion 争论；谈论；辩论；论述；商量 搭配： discuss sth in groups 分组争论某事 = be be under discussion 作表语或后置定语 being discussed 正 在争论巾 take part in a discussion on sth参与 某事的 争论 句型： discuss sth with sb 和某人 争论某事 discuss with sb wh- + to do sth / wh- + clause / how sth should be done discuss doing sth 争论干某事 Discussions be going on among sb about sth 某人就某事绽开了争论 sth come up for discussion 某事 被 提出争论 have / hold a +形容词 discussion about / on / o- ver sth with sb 和某人 如何争论有关某事 常见形容词有 heated 热闹 ,hot 热闹 ,stormy 激 烈的 , further 进一步 , friendly 友好 ,long 长时 间,much 多,brief 简短的 ,full 充分的 ；have another discussion about / on sth 再次争论有关某事 友情提示： discuss 是及物动词,后面不能再跟 about,但用名词 discussion 表达争论某事时,就必需跟 about 或 on. 【考例 9】 After the meeting , you should _ about the topic of the subject with the famous scientist. A. discuss B. quarrel D. fight C. debate 考查目标 考查动词的词义与辨析；答案与解析 A discuss 表示 “ 争论 ”；quarrel 表示 “争 吵” ；debate 表示 “争论 ”； fight 表示 “打斗 ” ；【考点 lO 】end 的用法构词： ending n. 结尾；结局 endless adj. 无穷尽的；无休止的 endlessly adv. 无穷尽地；无休止地 搭配：_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 7 页,共 35 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全 at the end of 在 最终；在 终点 end up 终止；终结；告终 end up with 以 告终 end in success / failure 以胜利失败而告终 put an end to sth =end sth 终止 sth come to an end = sth end 终止了 sth draw to an end 接近尾声 bring sth to an end 使 终止 call for / demand an end to sth 要求终止 in the end 最终；最终 at the end 最终 at the end of + 时间段或地点名词 在 末尾 by the end of 到 为止 强调时间的段 at the other end of. 在 的那一头 at either end of 在 两者 的任一头 fight to the end 战役究竟 句型： by the end of + 过去时间 主语 + had + pp.; by the end of + 将来时间 主语 + will have + pp. sth end up with. ；sb end up.with. 以 终止 sth end = sth be over. 终止了end sth 终止 辨析： complete；end；finish 该组词均有 “ 完成,终止,终止”之意；但 end 为一般用词,指一种活动因达到目的而自然终止或因某一缘由突然终止,可以用来作业、演讲、争论、旅行、战争或生 命等的终止、终止；仍可用作名词；finish 为常用词,指完成一件事或一个动作,强调圆满地终止已着手的事情,可与名词、动名词搭配,但不能与不定式搭配；complete 正式用语；与 finish 基本同义；着重指完成预 定的任务多用来指完成整个方案、工程系统；一个作家可以说 complete 或 finish 写完 他的小说,而一个读者只能说 finish 读完 一本小说； complete 可以表 示使某事物完善,补足缺少的部分,使之成为一个整体；而 finish 就不能；例如：He ended his letter with good wishes to the family. 他 以向全家问好终止他的信；He has finished writing a speech. 他写好了一篇发言 稿；He completed the whole job in two days. 他用两天时间 做完了全部工作；【考例 10】 2022 上海春招 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ ln Beijing. A. would be completed B. was being completed _精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 8 页,共 35 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全C. has been completed D. had been completed 考查目标 考查时态的详细运用；答案与解析 D By the end of last year 示意要使用过去完成时态；11. equal adj. n. & v. 1 adj. the same in size, amount, number, degree, etc. 大小、数量、数目、程度等 相等的；同样的；常与 to 或 with 连用；There should be equal pay for equal work. 同工应同酬；2 n. person or thing equal to another 相等的人或物；匹敌；相等物；Is he your equal in strength. 他的力气和你一样大吗 . Let x be the equal of 6, then 3x is 18. 设 x 与 6 相等,那么 3x 与 18 相等；Mix with your equals or betters. 与同你相等或比你好的人相交；3 vt. be equal to 等于；使相等；He equals me in strength but not in intelligence. 他和我力气相等,但智力不等；If x equals 7, then 4x equals 28. 设 x 等于 7,那么 4x 等于 28；9. forbid vt. forbid 是一个不规章动词 forbad / forbade, forbidden ,其词义为 order sb. not to do sth.；order that sth. should not be done; not allow 禁止；不许； forbid 的常见用法有：_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 9 页,共 35 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全1 forbid 后跟复合结构；My parents forbid me to stay out at night. 我的父母不许我在外面过夜；2 forbid 后跟名词或代词作宾语；The government decided to forbid the meeting. 政府打算禁止这次集会；3 forbid 后跟动名词作宾语；The manager forbids smoking during office hours. 经理不许上班时抽烟；4. freezing 1 adj. 极冷的,冰冻的On a freezing night the old man was found dead. 在一个冰冷的夜晚,人们发觉那个老人死了；2 adv. 极冷地,冰冻地It is freezing cold outside. 3 n. 冰点,凝固点It was five degrees below freezing. 温度是零下 5 度；The air temperature was now well above freezing. 气温高出冰点好多度；【考点 4】 happen的用法 搭配： happen on upon 偶然发觉 句型： sth happen 不能用于被动语态 发生某事 sth happen to sb / sth 某人出发生了某事 sb happen + 不定式 不定式可依据时间关系选用 to do sth；to be + n. / adj. / adv. / prep. phrase；to be doing sth； to have done sth；其否定形式可在 happen 前加 don't 或 didn't,也可在不定式前加 not 碰巧 Do you happen to know. 你可知道 . It so happened that clause 碰巧_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 10 页,共 35 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全 as it happens 碰巧；偶然 whatever happens 无论发生什么情形 There happened to be. 碰巧有 辨析： happen；take place； occur；come about 该组词均表示 “发生 ”,均为不及物动词或动词短语；该组词均含 “ 发生 ”之意,但 happen 多指详细的、不行预 料的事情的发生,强调偶然性,表示详细事情的发生时 可与 occur 互换；另外 happe仍有 “碰巧 ” 之意； take place 意为 “发生,举办 ”,多指预先方案或预料之中的事 情,没有偶然性；occur 用法较正式,即可指自然发生,也可指有意支配,常与 happen换用,但更强调突然性；come about 往往留意事情发生的缘由,常与 how 连用；例如：No matter what happens, you should keep calm. 无论发 生什么事,你都要保持冷静；ln 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China. 1919 年,中国发生了 “ 五四 ”运动；Don't let the mistake occur again. 别让这样的错误再次 发生；Tell me how the accident came about. 告知我这起事故 是怎样发生的；【考例 4】 2022 辽宁 l don't know whether you happen _, but I'm going to study in the U. S. A. this September. A. to be heard B. to be hearing C. to hear D. to have heard 考查目标 非谓语动词在语境中的时态中的运用；答案与解析 D happen 后面必需接动词不定式,而 t ohave heard 强调影响和结果；【考点 1l】 kind 的用法 构词： unkind adj. 不慈爱的；薄情的；无情的；不亲切的 kindness n. 慈爱；和善；和气,慈爱；好意 kindly adj. 亲切的；友善的；友好的,和气的 kindly adv. 和气地；慈爱地；亲切地 kind-hearted adj. 好心 肠的；慈爱的 kindliness n. 好心；慈爱 搭配： a kind of 一种；一类；可以说是 all kinds of 各种各样的 kind of 有点儿；几分 be very / so kind to sb. 对某人 特别 友好；对某人 特别 和气 out of kindness 出于好意_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 11 页,共 35 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全 句型： sb be very kind to do sth 多谢某人做某事 It's very kind of sb to do sth 多谢某人做某事 That's very kind of sb 某人真太好了 Will / Would you be so kind as to do sth. Will / Would you be kind enough to do sth. Will / Would you kindly do sth. Will / Would you have the kindness to do sth. Please have the kindness to do sth. Will / Would you please do sth. 以上均为邀请或恳求对方做某事的表达； What kind of + 单数名词 . 哪一种 . 辨析： kind ； sort； type 三者都是名词,都有“ 种类 ”的意思； kind 是指属于同 sort 表示比较笼统、模 种类的东西,有极相像的特质；糊的大体上相像的东西；在实际使用时,两者没有什 么区分； type 表示 “ 类型 ”,比较详细、确定；例如：What sort of book do you want. 你要一本什么样的书 . We have bought some new types of planes. 我们买了几 种新型飞机；【考例 11】_ to have invited us to the party. A. They will be very kind B. It's very kind for them C. It's very kind of them D. It's very kind that they 考查目标 考查句型；答案与解析 C It's very kind of sb. to do sth 某人做 某事真是太好了；表示人的性质或特点要用介词 o,；【考点 8】 mean 的用法 构词： meaning n. 意义；意思,含义 meaningful adj. 有意义的；意义深远的 meaningless adj. 无意义的 搭配： be meant to 必需；不得不 be meant for sth 注定适于某种用途 mean no harm 不怀恶意 mean what sb say 说话算数 句型： sb mean to do sth 准备干 ；意欲干 sb meant to do / have done sth = sb had meant t0 do sth 某人本准备干 didn't mean to do sth 不是有意干某事的；本不想干某事的_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 12 页,共 35 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学问点大全 mean doing 意味着 mean sb to do sth 准备要某人做某事 mean sth / that 意思；说明；表示 I see what you mean. 我明白知道你的意思； What do you mean by doing sth. 是什么意 思 . What does.mean. = What's the English / Chinese meaning of. = What's.in English / Chi nese. = What's the English / Chinese for. = What do you call.in English / Chinese. = How do you say / express.in English / Chinese. 英语汉 语 是什么意思 . It means that clause 那就意味着 你的意思是 . Do you mean to say that . You mean. 你的意思是说 【考例 8】 2022 京、皖春招 - Why haven't you bought any butter. - I _ to but I forgot about it A. liked B. wished C. meant D. expected 考查目标 此题考查 mean的词义；答案与解析 C mean后跟不定式的时候意思是“打 算做某事 ”；在简答句中用 mean to；【考点 5】 provide 的用法 句型： provide sb sth 供应 provide sb. with sth 给某人供应某物 provide sth for sb. 给某人供应某物 provide that. 规定 providing that. 假如,假如 辨析： give； offer ； provide； supply 该组词均有 “ 供应,供应 ”之意,它们之间的主要区分在 结构上； give 常见结构有： give sb. sth = give sth to sb； offer 强调 “ 主动供应 ”；常见结构有： offer sth ；offer sb sth = offer sth to sb； offer to do sth provide 常见结构有： provide sth； provide sb sth；provide + 供应品 for + 人或机构； provide + 人或 机构 with + 供应品；with + 供应 supply 常见结构有： supply + 人或机构 品； supply + 供应品 to / for + 人或机构； be supplied with sth 装配着 The trip in the U. S gave me great pleasure. 美国之行 使我特别欢乐；_精品资料_ - - - - - - -第 13 页,共 35 页_归纳总结汇总_ - - - - - - - - - 学