概念英语第一册11144课语法深刻复习.ppt

所学内容,1.形容词与副词都有三个等级，原级，比较级，最高级。 2.So / Neither 倒装句3.复合不定代词 4.过去进行时was/were + doing 5.用when或while引导的时间状语从句 6过去完成时 7定语从句 8情态动词：must,have to,9对现在，将来，过去，正在进行的猜测 对过去肯定的推测：must have been 对过去否定的推测：cant have been 10反义疑问句 11 If 引导的条件状语从句 12 直接引语变成间接引语 13 被动语态,Grammar,形容词与副词都有三个等级，原级，比较级，最高级。 原级比较：as as Bill is as fat as Tom . Bill和Tom一样胖。 He runs as fast as you. 他和你跑得一样快。 在as as 中间使用的形容词和副词一定要用原级.,否定用not as as,So / Neither 倒装句,Ive got some small change. So have I. Neither can I. 注意：1. neither “也不”，本身已有否定意义； 2. 句式倒装，即主谓调换位置 3. 根据前一句的意义和时态选择相应动词， 但在人称上要与本句人称保持一致。 结构：Neither + be/情态动词 / 助动词+主语 Ex. I havent got any changes. 我也没有。 Neither have I. I am not a teacher. 她也不是 Neither is she. I dont like this book. 他也不喜欢。 Neither does he.,1. - I wont do such a thing. Neither / Nor will I. 2. If you wont go, neither shall I. 3. - I havent done my homework. Neither / Nor have I. 4.I didnt read the notice on the bulletin board, nor did he. 由neither或nor引起的，表示前面所说的情况 也适用于另一个人（或物）的句子,复合不定代词总表,Grammar,过去进行时(8A U6),一、过去进行时表示在过去某一时刻或某一段时间内 正在进行或发生的动作。 二、常与表示过去的时间状语连用，如：this morning,the whole morning,all day,yesterday,from nine to ten last evening，at that time等；或者与when, while, as引导的过去时间状语连用。,Grammar,三、 1. 过去进行时的肯定式： 主语+was/were + 动词的现在分词 2. 过去进行时的否定式： 主语+was/were not +动词的现在分词 3. 过去进行时的疑问式: Was/Were + 主语+ 动词的现在分词? 肯定句：We were having supper when the phone rang. 我们正在吃晚饭时电话响了。 否定句： We were not having supper when the phone rang. 一般疑问句： Were you having supper when the phone rang? Yes, I was./ No, I wasnt.,过去进行时(8A U6),Grammar,四、主要用法： 1. 过去进行时的基本用法主要表示过去某一时间正在进行的动作。 e.g. He fell asleep when he was reading. 他看书时睡着了。 、表示故事发生的背景。 e.g. It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front. 那支医疗小组往前线行进时，天正下着雪。,过去进行时(8A U6),用when或while引导的时间状语从句：, when + 过去进行时（持续性动词）/ 一般过去时（瞬时性动词）某个时间点,某一段时间,主句和从句的动作可以同时发生,从句的动作可前后发生 When she came in, I was doing some housework. (瞬时动词) When I lived with the Smiths, we used to discuss international issues together. (延续性的动词) while + 过去进行时（持续性动词）表示某一段时间,主句和从句谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生 (just) as + 过去进行时 边边,随着. 例句：She was cooking when he was reading. = She was cooking while he was reading. The telephone rang when I open the door. = The telephone rang just as I was opening the door.,过去完成时： （过去的过去） 构成： had +过去分词。 过去完成时主要用于表示两个事件中一个发生在前，或者说是表示较早的过去。 when、after 、before等也常与过去完成时连用，以强调事件发生的先后次序。,Grammars,两个事件都发生在过去，如果哪个在前发生用过去完成时表示，哪个在后用一般过去时表示 本课当中出现before和after 引导的时间状语从句 before+一般过去时，主句用过去完成时 e.g. The film had already begun before I came back. after + 过去完成时， 主句用一般过去时 e.g. He left the room after he had turned off the light .,总结,1. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。 A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt 2. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already. A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked 3. By the time he was ten years old, he _. A has completed university B. has completed the university C had completed an university D. had completed university 4. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old. A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. 5.The students _ their classroom when the visitors arrived. A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned,C,A,D,A,B,定义：在复合句中修饰名词和代词的从句叫做定语从句。 被定语从句修饰的名词或代词是先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。 定语从句要由关联词：关系代词who, whom, that，which或关系副词when, where等引导。 The student who answered the question was peter. 回答问题的那个学生叫Peter.,Grammars,定语从句,How is it formed?,被修饰的名词、代词叫做先行词， 定语从句常跟在先行词之后，由关系代词或关系副词引导。 The lady who is standing behind the counter.,关系代词,关系代词在句中作宾语时可以省去,指人 指物 主语 宾语,定语从句中的省略. 关系代词省略：若描述的人或物是现在 正在进行的，可以省略关系代词，单用一个现在分词表示， 假如关系代词充当从句中的宾语，关系代词则往往可以省略,语法 Grammar in use,请分别看以下的例句,The woman standing behind thecounterserved me. 站在柜台后边的那位妇女为我服务招待了我。 This is the book I bought yesterday. 这就是我昨天买的那本书。 The man I served was wearing a hat. 我招待过的那个人当时戴着一顶帽子。,have to 与must must 表示主观的认为有必要，有义务 have to 表示含有客观的环境方面的需要， 除了“必须”之外，还有“不得不”。 must 没有时态和人称的变化 I must ,he must have to 有时态和人称的变化 I have to, he has to eg. I must work hard. 我必须努力工作。 (我觉得有必要这么做。) I had to go home by ship last night. 我昨晚不得不乘船回家。 (有可能没有赶上其他的航班或者火车，没选择才坐船。),Grammars,Grammars,Must I arrive on time? -Yes, you must. -No, you neednt. Do I have to arrive on time? -Yes, you have to. -No, you dont have/need to.,1. 情态动词+原形，表示对_推测。,例：He must be a teacher. 他一定是一名老师。（系表） 肯定的推断： 否定的推断： （而不是mustnt be） She must be doing.,Summary,现在或将来的情况进行,must be 肯定是,cant be 不可能是,2. 情态动词+be doing，表对:_推测。,例：He must be having a lot of money. 他一定有很多钱。 他们一定正在睡觉吧。 They must be sleeping. Jim may be playing the basketball. 吉姆可能正在打篮球。,正在进行的情况进行,1. 对过去的推测 (1)肯定推测：must have been “那时一定是” 2. 过去正在发生的推测 1）肯定推测：must have been doing “那时一定正在做” must have +been doing肯定某人过去正在进行的事 情的推测 must be doing肯定某人正在做某事 否定形式：cant I think they cant have been reading。我认为他们那是不可能正在读书。 4）must + have been+ v-ing 表示对过去某一时刻，某一时间内的动作的猜测，或过去一直到现在的一段时间内动作的猜测。 昨天晚上我给你打电话的时候你肯定在喝酒 You must have been drinking when I called you last night.,语法 Grammar in use 情态助动词may表示可能性 may或might都表示“可能”、“也许”。通常既可以用may，也可以用might，不过might所表示的可能性要比may小，且当情况是虚拟的时只能用might而不能用may。 （1）may 表示现在或将来的可能性：may+动词原形：The bread may befresh.面包可能是新鲜的。He may be reading.他可能正在看书。 I may go abroad.我可能出国。They may offer me a job.他们也许会给我提供一份工作。,祈使句的反义疑问句： 1、祈使句为肯定句式时，若其翻译疑问句表示请求时，通常用will you;表示邀请、劝说时，用wont you.如 Be sure to ring me, will you? 记得打电话给我，好吗？ Come to have dinner with us this evening, wont you?今天晚上和我们一起吃饭，好吗？ 2、祈使句为否定句时，其反义疑问句通常只用 will you.如： Dont smoke in the meeting room, will you? 不要在会议室抽烟，好吗？ 3、Let开头的祈使句构成反义疑问句时，除Lets用shall we外，其他均用 will you.如： Lets take a break，shall we? 我们休息一下，好吗？ Let the boy go first, will you? 让那个男孩先走，好吗？,直接引语变间接引语,直接引语变间接引语（1）,直接引语 He said ,”I like English very much.”,间接引语 He said that he liked English very much.,直接转述别人的话，用引号。,用自己的话转述别人的话。一般情况下是宾语从句,时态变化,指示代词，时间状语，地点状语的,直接引语变间接引语（2）,情态助动词的变化,may- might can -could will-would wont-wouldnt cant -couldnt,一般疑问句情况,直接引语变间接引语（3）,My wife wants to know,Marry needs any help.,if,如果引语为一般疑问句时，引导词要使用if 或 whether。 注意从句要使用陈述语序。,He asks, “Does Tim live here?”,He asks if/ whether Tim lives here.,特殊疑问句情况,引语为特殊疑问句时，引导词要使用特殊疑问词来引导。从句使用陈述语序。,He asked, “What is the teacher doing?”,He asked what the teacher was doing.,33,语法,句型结构：条件状语从句（if引导的条件状语从句） 主句+if 从句,You will be late for school if you dont get up early.,主句 将来时,if从句 一般现在时,If 引导的条件状语从句,主句（一般将来时）+if 从句（一般现在时） If I play basketball well, I will join your team.,1.If he_it (not do it ), I_(do) it.,2.If you _ (be) late for school ,my teacher _(be) angry.,are,will be,3 If she_ (win) the prize ,we _(be) happy.,wins,will be,4.If I _ (not,eat )so much ,I _(get) thinner.,5.If you _(tell) them, they _ (not,believe) you.,dont eat,will get,tell,wont believe,6 I _(stay) at home,If it _( rain).,7.If it _(not,rain) ,I _( go) out.,8. we _(play) football, If it is _(sun) .,will stay,rains,doesnt rain,will go,will play,sunny,doesnt do,will do,Exercise Time,英语动词有两种语态： 主动语态 (the Active Voice) 被动语态(the Passive Voice),What is it?,A. 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。,B. 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。,We planted the tree.,The tree was planted by us.,被动语态结构：,be + 过去分词(P.P) + (by ),各种时态的被动语态构成,一般现在时： 一般过去时： 情态动词： 一般将来时： 现在进行时： 现在完成时： 过去进行时：,S+am/is /are +done S+was/were +done S+ can/may/must/should + be+ done S+ will+be+ done S+ am/is/are + being + done S+ have/has + been+ done S+ was/were+being+ done,