过去完成时用法讲解(3页).doc

-过去完成时用法讲解-第 4 页过去完成时用法讲解一、 概念： 表示过去的过去，其构成是had +过去分词。二、 用法：1. 表示某一动作在过去某一时刻之前已完成。例如:He had gone to bed by 10:00 last night. (昨夜十点钟之前他已上床去睡了。)2. 与一般过去时搭配，表达某一动作在过去的动作发生时已完成。例如：The train had started when I got to the station. (当我到达车站时火车已开走了。)The minute I saw a lady getting off the bus, I knew it was she, for I had seen her before. (我一看到正在下公共汽车的那位女士就知道是她，因为我以前看见过她。)解说： 使用过去完成时在简单句里表达某一动作在过去的某一时刻已完成时，该过去的时刻常以“by +过去时间”的短语来表达。例如下面的说法是不正确的：He had gone to bed at 10:00 last night.若是要说“at 10:00 last night”就必须用一般过去时“He went to bed.”。 请再观察下面的句子试比较：It had rained yesterday. (误)It rained yesterday.(正)或许你会说：“昨天下了雨，可是今天已放晴了，下雨已是过去的事，而且已经下完了，所以就用过去完成时。”这就是最令同学们对一般过去时和过去完成时感到混淆和困惑的。实际上只要我们了解下面的两点原则就可以消除这种现象。1. 由过去的时间作状语来修饰动词的句子都使用一般过去时。2. 除非从谈话的先后关系和上下文关系对过去的动作完成的基准点可以确定以外，应该避免在简单句中使用过去完成时。三、过去完成时常用的连词有： before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as等。例如：He said that he had learned some English before.By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.四、在什么情况下使用过去完成时？1. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词引导的宾语从句中，一般用过去完成时。例如：She said (that) she had never been to Paris.2. 状语从句在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.3. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示“原本，未能”。例如：We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.典型例题：The students _ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she _ in the office.A. had written, leftB. were writing, has leftC. had written, had leftD. were writing, had left答案D。 “把书忘在办公室”发生在“去取书”这一过去的动作之前，因此“忘了书”这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when代表时间的一点，表示在“同学们正忙于”这一背景下， when所引导的动作正在发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。