被动语态讲解09392(5页).doc
-被动语态讲解09392-第 6 页被动语态讲解 姓名_一 概念 主动语态：主语是动作的发出者被动语态：主语是动作的承受者二句型：主语+Be动词+动词的过去分词实际上被动语态的时态主要是通过be动词的变化体现出来的，各种时态的被动语态句型如下：一般现在时： 主语+is/am/are+V过去分词+。一般将来时： 主语+will be+V过去分词+。 或 主语+is/am/are going to be+V过去分词+。现在完成时： 主语+have/has been +V过去分词+.现在进行时： 主语+am/is/are+being+V过去分词+。一般过去时： 主语+was/were+V过去分词+。过去进行时： 主语+was/were+being+V过去分词+。Eg: The classroom is cleanded every day. 教室每天都打扫 The classroom was cleaned yesterday. 教室昨天打扫的 The classroom will be cleaned tomorrow. 教室明天打扫 The classroom has been cleaned already. 教室已经被打扫过了 The classroom is being cleaned now. 教室现在正在被打扫 The classroom was being cleaned at that moment. 那时教室正在打扫三含有情态动词的被动语态句型：主语+can be/should be/must be/could be+V过去分词+。Eg: The book can be kept for 3 days. 这本书你可以借三天 The old man should be spoken to politely. 对老人说话应该有礼貌 Our classroom must be cleaned. 我们的教室必须要打扫了四联系动词和一些特殊词不能用于被动语态A.联系动词不能用于被动语态，常见的有 look(看起来), feel（摸起来）, seem（似乎），taste（尝起来），smell（闻起来），sound（听起来）Eg: The apples taste good. Your sweater looks nice The milk smells terrible. The music sounds beautiful.B. 有一些特殊的词，习惯上也不用被动语态，如happen ,take place ,grow well(涨的好)，write well(好写)，sell well(好卖)，wash easily(容易洗)。The accident happened yesterday.Our sports meeting will take place next week.我们的运动会下周举办The trees grow well.这些树涨的很好The new pen writes well.这只新钢笔很好写Your coat washes easily. 你的外套很好洗五在主动语态中，有些动词后跟不带to 的动词不定式， 如 make sb do sth, see sb do sth, hear sb do sth, 但在被动语态中，这些 to 还必须加上去如： 主动语态 被动语态让某人做某事 make sb do sth be made to do 被迫做某事；被要求做某事让某人做某事 have sb do sth be had to do 被迫做某事；被要求做某事让某人做某事 let sb do sth be let to do 被迫做某事；被要求做某事看见某人做某事 see sb do sth be seen to do被看到做某事看着某人做某事watch sb do sth be watched to do被看着做某事看到某人做某事notice sb do sth be noticed to do被看到做某事听见某人做某事 hear sb do sth be heard to do被听到做某事注意：在主动语态中，可用help sb do sth 或help sb to do sth, 但在被动语态中，只能用be helped to do sth表示看到或听到某人做某事的句型中，主动语态用doing，被动语态还是用doing如： 主动语态 被动语态 hear sb doing - be heard doing 被听到正在做某事 see sb doing - be seen doing 被看到正在做某事练习：The students are made_ a lot of homework every day.A. doing B. to do C. do D. done You were seen _ in the playground at 5 p.m yesterday.A. running B. run C. to run D. runing 被动语态专项练习一、选择题（2×15=30分）( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build( )2. An accident _ on this road last week.A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China.A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already.A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives( )6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted( )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known( )10.Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written( )11.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us( )12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump( )13.The school bag _ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put( )14.Older people _ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after( )15.Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。（1×20=20分）(请注意时态和语态两个方面噢)1.It's said(据说) that the long bridge_（build）in two months2.Where to have the meeting _ （discuss）now3.Which language _the most widely_（speak）in the world？4.The lost boy_（not find）so far5.Last year a large number of trees_（cut）down6. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.7. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital.8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop.9. What _ knives _ (make) of ? They_(make) of metal(金属) and wood.10. Can the magazine _ (take) out of the library?11. The room _ (clean) by me every day.12. The stars cant _ (see) in the daytime.13. Some flowers _ (water) by Li Ming already.14. This kind of shoes _ (sell) well.15. How long _ your uncle _(be) in the city?16. The food _ (smell) delicious.17. Look! Someone _(dance).三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 （1×30=30分）1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态）_ people _ tea in South China？2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year（同义句转换）A birthday present _ _ _ _by my parents every year3.The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问)How_ _ the work going to be finished ?4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态) An English song _ _ _ by the children.5. You needn't do it now. (改为被动语态) It _ _ _ by you now.6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态) Metal _ _ _making machines.7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态) I _ _ _ _ that for him.8.They are watching the football match.The football match _ _ _ by them.9.Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态) _ a bridge _ here by them a year ago?10.They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态) The light green dresses _ _ _ out.11.We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态)The game _ _ “Lianliankan” by us.四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 (1×10=10分)The new bike _ _ _ _（买给我）by my parents as a present last week_ your mobile phone _ _ _（是国产的吗）？The whole mountain is _ _ (覆盖) the snow.五、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。 （10分）I have a lot of homework to be done tonight _Is your history teacher listened carefully in class？ _Lei Feng's name remembered by all Chinese people _The music is sounded beautiful. _By who was this new educational CD-ROM designed ? _一、单项选择( )1.Do you often clean your classroom? Yes. Our classroom _ every day.A. clean B.cleans C.is cleaned D.is cleaning( )2.A talk on developments in science and technology_in the school hall next week.A. given B.will be given C.has been given D.give( )3.His new book_ next month.A. will be published B. is publishing C. is being published D. has been published( )4.Did you go to Jacks birthday party? No,I_.A. am not invited B.wasnt invited C.havent invited D.didnt invite( )5.Mum,can I go to the zoo with Jack?When your homework_,you can.A. is done B.was done C.does D.did ( )6.Twenty yearolds should not_to drive in China. A.allow B.be allow C.be allowed D.allowed. ( )7.Seeing him rush into the room with tears in his eyes,I asked him what_.A.would happen B.had happened C.happened D.was happened.( )8.The book Businessthe Speed of Thought _in 1999. A.writes B.is written C.wrote D.was written.( )9.Trees and flowers_every year to make our country more beautiful. A.is planted B.was planted C.are planted D.were planted.( )10.Chinas sports stars Yao Ming and Liu Xiang_Good Will Ambassadors(亲善大使)for Shang hai. A.has been named B.have been named C.has named D.have named.( )11.The earth is our home.It _well. A.must be protected B.should protect C.need protect D.should protected.( )12.In recent years, many children are made _ what they are not_. A.to do;interested in B.to do;interested C.do;interested D.do;interested.( )13._a new library_in your school last year? A.Is;built B.Was;built C.Does;built D.Did;built.( )14.An accident_on this road last week. A.has been happened B.was happened C.is happened D.happened.( )15.Cotten _in the southeast of China. A.is grown B.are grown C.grows D.grow.( )16.So far, the moon_by man already.A. is visited B.will be visited C.has been visited D.was visited.( )17.How many trees _this year? A.are planted B.will plant C.have been planted D.planted.( )18.A lot of things _by people to save the little girl now. A.are doing B.are being done C.has been done D.will be done.( )19.Neither of them _ in China A.is made B.are made C.were made D.made.( )20.Look! A nice picture_for our teacher.A.is drawing B.is being drawn C.has been drawn D.draws.( )21.Your shoes_.You need a new pair. A.wear out B.worn out C.are worn out D.is worn.( )22.The doctor_for yet. A.isnt sent B.hasnt been sent C.wont be sent D.wasnt sent.( )23When _this kind of computer_? Last year. A.did;use B.was;used C.is;used D.are;used( )24.The Great Wall_about all over the world. A.knows B.knew C.is known D.was known.( )25.I_in summer. A.born B.was born C.have been born D.am born.( )26.He says that Mr Zhang_to the factory next week. A.is sent B.would send C.was sent D.will be sent.( )27.Who _this book_? A.did;written B.was;written by C.do;written D.was;written( )28.Mary _show me her new dictionary. A.has asked to B.was asked to C.is asked D.asks to( )29. A story _ by Granny yesterday. A.was told us B.was told to us C.is told us D.told us( )30.The monkey was seen_out of the tree. A.jump B.jumps C.jumped D.to jump感叹句讲解感叹句句型： What a/an+adj+n(单数)+主谓结构！ What+adj+n(不可数名词或复数名词)+主谓结构！ How +adj/adv+主谓结构！主意： 1.主谓结构可被省略 2.判断感叹句的引导词是用What,what a,what an或how ,主要看中心词，中心词就是被修饰词，通常是位于主谓结构前面的那一个词。有时主谓结构被省略，那这时整个句子的最最后一个词就是中心词。如果中心词是可数名词的单数，前面的引导词就用what a或what an;如果中心词是可数名词的复数或不可数名词，前面的引导词就用what;如果中心词是形容词或副词，前面就用How 3.表示 一场大火 a big fire 一场大风 a strong wind 一场大雨 a heavy rain 一场大雪 a heavy snow 一场大雾a thick smog或a heavy smog 在构成感叹句时，前面的a 不能省略e.g: What a big fire! 多大的一场火啊！ What a heavy snow it is!多大的一场雪啊！4.表示 “玩得真开心啊”用 what a good time! 或 what a nice（great，wonderful）time! 表示“真有趣”，用What fun! What great fun! How funny!练习： 选用what a ,what an,what , 或how填空1. _bad weather! 2._clean the water is!3._interesting book it is! 4. _heavy snow it is today!5. _good news you told me! 6. _good time they are having!7._heavy rain! 8. _clever boy Millie is!9. _useful book it is! 10. _important English is!11._delicisious food it is! 12._strong wind it is!13._clever boys they are! 14._happily they are playing！15._ difficult homework we had yesterday! 16._cute dog it is!17._ interesting the story is!18._ bad the weather in England is!19._ honest boy Tom is ！20._ tasty smell the cake gave off!21._ good time we had on the beach yesterday!22._ exciting news you've brought us!23._cool your new car is!24._ scary these tigers are! 二、选择填空。1. _ fast the boy ran!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an2. _ well you sing but _ badly he dances!A. How, how B. What, whatC. How, what D. What, how3. _ delicious the soup is! Id like some more.A. How B. How an C. What D. What an 4. _ fools they were! They believed what the man said. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an5. _ foolish they were! They believed what the man said. A. How B. How an C. What D. What an6. _ difficult questions they are! I cant answer them.A. How B. How an C. What D. What an7. I miss my friend very much. _ I want to see her!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an8. _ lovely weather we are having these days!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an9. _ beautiful your new dress is!A. How B. How an C. What D. What an10. _ interesting work it is to teach children! A. How B. How an C. What D. What 反意疑问句构成：一段陈述+简短提问简短提问通常由助动词（do ,does, did, will , have/has）,be 动词（is ,are , was , were）,情态动词（can,could,need）的肯定或否定形式，再加一个人称代词（he ,she ,it ,they,you）构成，用肯定提问还是否定提问，主要依据前面的陈述部分。如果前面的陈述部分是肯定意义，后面就用否定提问；如果前面的陈述部分是否定意义，后面就用肯定提问。e.g: He is a teacher,_? Jim likes English very much ,_? Your father doesnt have a car,_?They are from China,_?Lucy isnt at school today,_?Kitty didnt finish homework,_?Mr Ji has got married,_?She will visit you tommow,_?注意点：1.有些句中出现一些特殊表示否定意义的词，如seldom（很少），hardly(几乎不)，little(几乎没有)，few(几乎没有)，never(从不)等，这时句子是否定句，后面用肯定提问E.g: Millie seldom gets up late, ,_? He can hardly speak English,_? Theres little milk in the bottle,_? Amy has few friends in China,_? You are never late for school,_?2. There be 句型，完成反义疑问句时，后面提问仍用theree.g: There is a cat in my house,_
