被动语态总结(9页).doc

-被动语态总结-第 9 页被动语态复习 A熟记结构被动语态的结构为“助动词be及物动词的过去分词（pp）”。被动语态的不同时态是通过be的时态变化来表示的，其人称和数方面应与主语保持一致。其具体变化为：一般现在时：amisarepp一般过去时：waswerepp一般将来时：shall will be pp现在完成时：have has been pp现在进行时：amisarebeingpp过去将来时：should would be pp含情态动词的被动结构：情态动词bepp例如： Chinese _ by the largest number of peopleAspeak Bis speaking Cspeaks Dis spoken The boy _ to get supper ready after schoolAwere told Bis telling Cwas told Dtells A lot of new roads _ built in the west of ChinaAmust Bmust be Chas DhaveB明确用法被动语态常用于以下两种情况：1不知道谁是动作的执行者，或者没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者；2强调动作的承受者。例如：这棵树是那个男孩弄断的。The tree _ _ by that boyC熟练转换1将主动语态变被动语态的基本方法为：将主动语态的宾语作被动语态的主语；谓语动词变为“be及物动词的过去分词”，并通过be的变化来表达出不同的时态；主动语态的主语变为介词by的宾语，组成介词短语放在被动结构中的谓语动词之后。（有时by短语可以省略）。2被动语态的一般疑问句是将一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词一般疑问句。例如： You must throw the broken pottery away at onceThe broken pottery _ _ _ _ at once（同义句） Where did they grow vegetables? （改为被动语态）Where _ vegetables _?D注意特例将主动语态变被动语态应注意几个特殊情况：1含双宾语的主动结构变为被动结构时，有两种方法：将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变；将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。例如： He told us a story（变被动语态）We were told a story（by him）或：A story was told to us by him Her mother gave her a new pen（变被动语态）A new pen _ _ _ her by her mother2短语动词的被动语态：在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。例如： This dictionary mustn't _ from the libraryAtake away Btaken away Care taken away Dbe taken away She will take good care of the children（变被动语态）The children will _ _ _ _ _ （by her）3含有复合宾语的主动结构变被动结构时，通常将宾语变为被动句的主语，而宾语补足语就成为主语补足语。注意：省略to的不定式作宾补时，不定式符号to必须补上。例如：Someone saw him swim in Qianling Lake yesterday（变被动）He _ _ _ swim in Qianling Lake yesterday4不定式的被动结构：动词不定式的被动语态为“to be 过去分词”。例如：The radio says a wild animal zoo is to _ in our cityAbe building Bbuild Cbe built Dbuilt5以疑问代词开头的疑问句转换成被动句时要注意词序：应将主动句中的疑问代词改为介词by的宾语，但仍然放在句子开头。例如：Who has broken the cup？（改为被动语态） By whom has the cup been broken？E注意区别被动语态和过去分词作表语的区别：1）含义不同：被动语态强调动作，重点说明动作由谁完成、怎样完成；而过去分词作表语通常用来描写情景，叙述人或事物的特征及所处的状态。试比较：The window is broken窗子破了。（系表结构）The window is broken by him窗子被他打破了。（被动语态）2）用法不同：过去分词作表语时可以被 so，very，too等程度副词修饰，而被动语态则不能用so，very，too修饰，而需用much，very much，so much，too much修饰。试比较：He was very interested in science他对科学有极大兴趣。（系表结构）I was so much surprised at the scene that I didn't know what to do我被那种场面搞得大吃一惊，不知所措。（被动语态）F牢记（相关）句型初中教材中与被动语态相关的句型有：1be covered with被覆盖2be made of由制作（发生物理变化） be made from由制作（发生化学变化）be made in由（某地）制造 be made by被（某人）制造3be used for被用来 be used as被当作（作为）来使用 be used to do sth被用来做某事4It is said that据说 It is hoped that希望 It is well known that众所周知例如：Your coat looks niceIs it _ cotton? YesIt's _ShanghaiAmade of；made by Bmade of；made in Cmade for；made by Dmade for；made in This machine is used _ the room wetAfor keeping Bas keeping Ckeep Dto keeping 据说在南京长江上又在建一座桥。_ _ _ that _ _ is being _ over the Changjiang River in Nanjing几种特殊的被动语态1. 带不定式的被动语态。The child is sure to be punished for that. 那个孩子肯定会因为那件事受罚的。2. 带介词的动词短语的被动语态。 Such a thing has never been heard of. 这件事前所未闻。3. 带副词的动词短语的被动语态。The radio has just been turned off. 收音机刚刚被关上。4. 当sell, wash, clean, run, ride, wear, write等动词若有状语well, easily, badly来修饰时，用主动形式表达被动意义。      The pen writes well. 这枝钢笔写字流畅。 The book sells well. 这本书很畅销。被动语态专项练习一、选择题(   )1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A. Is; built          B. Was; built     C. Does; build    D. Did ; build(   )2. An accident _ on this road last week.A. has been happened  B. was happened  C. is happened    D. happened(   )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China.A. is grown          B. are grown      C. grows         D. grow(   )4. So far, the moon _ by man already.A. is visited           B. will be visited   C. has been visited   D. was visited(   )5. A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week.A. is given           B. has been given   C. will be given    D. gives(   )6. How many trees _ this year?A. are planted        B. will plant        C. have been planted  D. planted(   )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now.A. are doing          B. are being done   C. has been done   D. will be done(   )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year.A. did; use           B. was; used        C. is; used       D. are; used(   )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world.A. knows            B. knew           C. is known       D. was known(   )10.Who _ this book _?A. did; written        B. was; written by   C. did; written     D. was; written(   )11.A story _ by Granny yesterday.A. was told us        B. was told to us     C. is told us       D. told us(   )12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree.A. jump             B. jumps           C. jumped        D. to jump(   )13.The school bag _ behind the chair.A. puts              B. can be put        C. can be putted   D. can put(   )14.Older people _ well.     A. looks after        B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after(   )15.Our teacher _ carefully.     A. should be listened to B. should be listen    C. be listened    D. is listened二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。1.It's said(据说) that the long bridge_（build）in two months2.Where to have the meeting _ （discuss）now3.Which language _the most widely_（speak）in the world？4.The lost boy_（not find）so far5.Last year a large number of trees_（cut）down6. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs.7. The old man is ill. He _ (must send) to the hospital.8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop.9. What _ knives  _ (make) of ? They_(make) of metal(金属) and wood.10. Can the magazine _ (take) out of the library?11. The room _ (clean) by me every day.12. The stars cant _ (see) in the daytime.13. Some flowers _ (water) by Li Ming already.14. This kind of shoes _ (sell) well.三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。1.Is tea grown in South China？（改为主动语态）_ people _ tea in South China？2.I am given a birthday present by my parents every year（同义句转换）A birthday present _  _  _  _by my parents every year3. The work is going to be finished in two days. (对划线提问)How_  _ the work going to be finished ?4. The children will sing an English song. (改为被动语态)  An English song _  _  _ by the children.5. You needn't do it now. (改为被动语态)  It _  _  _ by you now.6. People use metal for making machines. (改为被动语态)  Metal _  _  _making machines.7. He made me do that for him. (改为被动语态)  I _  _  _  _ that for him.8. They are watching the football match.The football match _   _  _  by them.9. Did they build a bridge here a year ago? (改为被动语态)  _ a bridge _ here by them a year ago?10. They have sold out the light green dresses. (改为被动语态)  The light green dresses _  _  _ out.11. We call the game “Lianliankan”. (改为被动语态)The game _  _ “Lianliankan” by us.四、根据所给汉语完成句子，一空一词。 (1×10=10分)The new bike_ _  _  _ （买给我）by my parents as a present last week_ your mobile phone _  _  _（是国产的吗）？The whole mountain is _  _ (覆盖) the snow.强化训练1. If city noises _ from increasing，people _ shout to be heard even at dinnerA. are not kept；will have to B. are not kept；have C. do not keep；will have to D. do not keep；have to2. The fifth generation computers, with artificial intelligence, are _and perfected now.A. developed B. have developed C. are being developed D. will have been developed3. -_ the sports meet might be put off. Yes, it all depends on the weather.A. I've been told B. I've told C. I'm told D.I told4. I need one more stamp before my collection _.A. has completed B. completes C. has been completed D. is completed5. Rainforests _ and burned at such a speed that they will disappear from the earth in the near future.A. cut B. are cut C. are being cut D. had been cut6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of last month.A. has been designed B. had been designed C. was designed D. would be designed7. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _.A. breaks B. has broken C. was broken D. had been broken8. Great changes _ in the city, and a lot of factories _.A. have been taken place; have been set up B. have taken place; have been set upC. have taken place; have set up D. were taken place; were set up9. That suit _ over 60 dollars.A. had costed B. costed C. is costed D. cost10. -Look! Everything here is under construction. -Whats the pretty small house that _ for?A. is being built B. has been built C. is built D. is building11.-Do you like the material? -Yes, it _ very soft.A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt12. It is difficult for a foreigner _ Chinese.A. write B. to write C. to be written D. written13. I have no more letters _, thank you.A. to type B. typing C. to be typed D. typed14. Take care! Dont drop the ink on your shirt, for it _ easily.A. wont wash out B. wont be washed out C. isnt washed out D. isnt washing out15. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to _.A. be put up B. give in C. be turned on D. go out16. The computers on the table _ Professor Smith.A. belongs B. are belonged to C. belongs to D. belong to17. -What do you think of the book? -Oh, excellent. Its worth _ a second time.A. to read B. to be read C. reading D. being read18. The squirrel was lucky that it just missed _. A. catching B. to be caught C. being caught D. to catch19. This page needed _ again.A. being checked B. checked C. to check D. to be checked20. _ many times, the boy still didnt know how to do the exercisesA. Having taught B. Having been taught C. taught D. Teaching21. It is said that a new robot _by him in a few days.A. designed B. has been designed C. will be designed D. will have been designed22. We are late. I expect the film _by the time we get to the cinema.A. will already have started B. would already have started C. shall have already started D. has already been started23. She will stop showing off if no notice_ of her. A. is taken B. takes C. will be taken D. has taken24. Diamond _in Brazil in 1971.A. is found B. has been found C. was found D. had been found25. -“Have you moved into the new flat?” -“Not yet. The room_.”A. has been painted B. is painted C. paints D. is being painted26. My pictures _until next Friday. A. won't develop B. aren't developed C. don't develop D. won' t be developed27. Tim _since he lost his job three weeks ago.A. had been unemployed B. was unemployed C. has been unemployed D. has unemployed28.A great number of colleges and universities _since 1949.A. has been establish B. have been established C. have established D. had been established29. I'll have to push the car to the side of the road because we _if we leave it here.A. would be fined B. will be fined C. will being fined D. will have been fined30. “_two tickets for the new play at the Grand Theatre on Saturday. Shall we go and see it together?”A. They have been given B. I have been given C. I am given D. They have given to me