被动语态的用法和练习(4页).doc
-被动语态的用法和练习-第 4 页被动语态的用法和练习一、语态概述英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。例如：Many people speak English. (谓语speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。)被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people. (主语English是动词speak的承受者。)主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(词组)作谓语动词的句子。例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句) The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)二、被动语态的构成被动语态由“助动词be及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。一般现在时：amisaretaught 一般过去时：wasweretaught一般将来时：willshall betaught 现在进行时：amisare beingtaught过去进行时：havehas beentaught 现在完成时：havehas beentaught 歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。三、被动语态的用法(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。例如： Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的) This book was published in 1981. 这本书出版于1981年。(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。例如：the window was broken by Mike. 窗户是迈克打破的。 This book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。 Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed. 每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。 歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要； 动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。四、主动语态变被动语态的方法(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be过去分词)(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him.He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory. 歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。五、含有情态动词的被动语态含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词be过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。例如：We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days.You ought to take it away. It ought to be taken away.They should do it at once. It should be done at once. 歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。被动语态的练习1.Our house_, A.is getting paint B.is getting painted C.is got painted D.has got to paint2.He arrived in Beijing,where he_his friend. A.was met by B.was met C.was meeting D.met by 3.The war_in 1937 A.was broken out B.had been broken out C.has broken out D.broke out 4.The mistakes in the exercises will_the teacher. A.cross B.be crossing C.be crossed by D.cross by 5.My brother and I have _her birthday party. A.been invited B.been invited for C.invited to D.been invited to 6.It_this way A.is had to do B.is had to be done C.had to be done D.has to do 7.It_this way. A used to do B.used to be done C.is used to do D.is used to doing 8._Chaplin. A.The child's name was called B.The child's name calls C.The child calls D.The child is named 9.The sports meeting_ . A.is put off B.is to put off C.is to be put off D.puts off 10.Mary realized she_ A.was making fun of B.was made fun C.was being made fun of D.was being made fun 11._to say a thing in that way A.It is considers wrong B.It is considered wrong C.It is considered it's wrong D.It is consiedring wrong 12.He ordered that the books_at once. A.would be printed B.would print C.be printed D.print 13.The story_in China. A.was taken place B.was happened C.took place D.has been taken place 14.The house_my parents A.is belong to B.belong to C.belongs to D.is belonged to 15.He_by his teacher. A.happened to see B.was happened to see C.happened to be seen D.was happened to be seen 16.Great changes_in our province.Many tall buildings. A.have been taken place, have been set up B.have taken place, have been set up C.have been taken place, have been set up D.were taken place, were set up 17.The hall's_but it's not yet_with lamps. A.furnished, finished B.been finished, been furnished C.being finished, being furnished D.set up, full 18.The new hall is the tallest building in this town._from here? A.Can it see B.Can it be seen C.Can it seen D.Can see 19.As soon as we got to the airport,we found that the plane_. A.had already taken off B.already took off C.was already taking off D.was already taken off 20. Some of the hotels in my hometown_. A.have now been rebuilding B.are now rebuilding C.are now being rebuilt D.are rebuilt now
