英语阅读理解题中标题选择题的解题思路(4页).doc

-英语阅读理解题中标题选择题的解题思路-第 4 页英语阅读理解题中标题选择题的解题思路标题是文章的点睛之笔，是文章的灵魂和门面。选择标题在英语阅读理解题中属主旨大意题，是深层理解题，它要求考生在通读全文的基础上，认真分析主人公的特定心态、文章大意及作者的写作意图。通常情况下，标题具有概括性、针对性、醒目性的特点。所谓概括性，就是指标题应在最大程度上覆盖全文，囊括文章的主要内容，体现文章的主题。针对性是对标题外延的一种界定，标题要直接指向文章的主要特点。而醒目性是为了吸引读者的注意力，唤起读者对文章阅读的兴趣。常见的命题形式有：The best title for the text would be. / What can be the best title for this text? / Which of the following can be the best title for the text? 等。以下是此类题目的基本解题思路。 一、确定最佳标题的方法在阅读文章时，要注意文章中反复出现或强调的信息，寻找与文章大多数内容相关的信息，找出覆盖全文的核心词汇，看选项内容是否切中文章的中心论题，也就是要看选项内容与作者的写作目的是否一致。例1：NMET 1998阅读理解篇70. What would be the best title for the text? A. the joy of DIYB. You Can Do It YourselfC. Welcome to Our DIY CoursesD. Ross and Hatfield: Believers in DIY首句是As prices and building costs keep rising, the “do-it-yourself”(DIY) trend in the U.S. continues to grow. 末段倒数第二句是：If you want to become a “do-it yourself”, you can go to DIY classes. 因此，我们可知该文的中心论题是“DIY trend”正在兴起其余部分是John Ross 和Jim Hatfield两个“DIY”实例，所以“You Can Do It Too”最适合作文章的标题例2：NMET2004（浙江卷）D篇。71. What would be the best title for the text?A. Is Craft dead?B. Craft, Back to Life?C. History of CraftsmanshipD. Carpenters Today and Yesterday文章的第一段是：We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people think that craft no longer exist. 这些文字给人的感觉是Craft is dead。但是作者分析后认为现代的carpenter甚至具有college degrees 和a solid knowledge of mathematics, which would enable them to deal with more difficult house designs，从而得出的结论是（文章的最后一句）：“the modern carpenter is just as able to produce craftsmanship as the carpenter of fifty years ago, but only if given proper material.”。因此A为最佳标题。同时，用疑问句作标题比较醒目。文章的第一段引出话题“Is Craft dead？”，然后在下面的段落中分析，干扰项C、D（两个选项表达的意义也类似）可以排除。最强的干扰项是B，但是从字里行间，我们能感觉到作者认为Craft根本就没有失传过，所以谈不上“Craft, Back to Life”了。二、寻找文章的主题句了解文章主要论题的关键是找到全文的主题句。主题句通常在文章首段，但是也可能在文章的末段、在文章的某一段落，或者分散在文章的各个段落中。如果每个段落都有主题句，那么把各段落的主题句的中心思想集中起来，即为全文的主题句例3：NMET2000阅读理解篇。文章的第一句是Decisionthinking is not unlike thinkingit often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think.首句直接表达了全文的中心论题，即“人们作出决策的思维过程”，这就是全文的主题句。而其后就有问文章主题的题目：59The subject in this text is . (答案为A) A. the process of reaching decisionsB. the difference between poker and chessC. the secret of making good business plansD. the value of information in winning games例4：NMET2005（浙江卷）阅读理解D篇。文章的第一段只有两个句子：Supermarkets are trying out new computers that make shopping carts more intelligent. They will help shoppers find paper cups or toilet soap, and keep a record of the bill.文章的第一句即文章的主题句，其中最关键的信息是shopping carts more intelligent。文章的第56题的题目是：What might be the most suitable title for the text?A. New age for supermarketsB. Concierge and Shopping buddyC. New computer makes shopping carts smarterD. Touch-screen devices make shopping enjoyable答案为C。smarter暗含了more intelligent三、概括文章的主题要把握文章主旨，就必须根据具体的语言环境、陈述内容的逻辑关系（文章的结构）、上下文的连贯意思及文中有关暗示来理解文章的深层含义。例5：NMET2007（浙江卷）阅读理解A篇。文章大意是：一个曾经劣迹斑斑的少年（“a little tough guy on the streets”, “caught by police for stealing”，而且“landed in prison for shooting a man”），出来后遇见Professor Mattoni，然后在从事保护一种濒危蝴蝶的事业中，他获得了新生。44. Which of the following would be the best title for the text? A. A Promise to Mom B. A Man saved by butterflies C. A Story of Butterflies D. A job offered by Dr. Mattoni此题的最强的干扰项是A（A Promise to Mom），因为文章提到了他的内心承诺“I told myself I would not put my mom through that pain again”,以及“Bonner has kept his promise to stay out of prison”。但是文章的主题是“他获得了的新生”，在文章的最后一句“While hes bringing back the Palos Verdes blue, the butterfly has helped bring him back, too.” 点题了。例6：2006北京卷D篇71题Which is the best title for the passage？A. Societal Conditions in Premodern TimesB. Practices of Reducing Maternal AttachmentC. Poor Health Service and High Infant Death RateD. Differences between Modern and Premodern Parents这篇文章在首段提出一个重要论点，随后在各段分别进一步从不同角度继续阐述，这样我们可以找出首段的中心句，再将其和各段第一句串联在一起，就可以得出文章的中心思想。如：第一段：Perhaps to prevent the sadness that infant death caused，a number of societal practices developed which worked against early attachment of mother and child.第二段：One of these premodern attachment-discouraging practices was to leave infants unnamed until they had survived into the second year第三段：A third practice which had the same distancing effect was wet-nursing.从第一段的中心句和各段的第一句不难看出，这篇文章的标题应该是Practices of Reducing Maternal Attachment.四、逆向思维法针对这类题型，考生不妨思考一下，“如果我是作者，遇到这样的标题，文章应该怎样写？”例7：2005全国I卷B篇62题What would be the best title for the text？A.A Cross-country TripB.A Special Border PassC. An Unguarded BorderD. An Expensive Church Visit如果标题是A Cross-country Trip，那么文章应该讲述一次出境旅行；如果标题是A Special Border Pass，那么文章应该着重讲一个特殊的边境通行证；如果标题是An Unguarded Border，那么文章应该侧重讲边境如何不设防；如果标题是An Expensive Church Visit，那么文章应该讲一次礼拜如何花费昂贵了。经过这样的逆向思维，我们不难发现文章的内容恰好与标题An Expensive Church Visit一致，因此应该选D。五、整体把握文章，不被细节迷惑 标题实际上是文章主题的一种确认方式。要准确地把握文章的主题思想，就要十分留意文章的开头和结尾，要抓住文中具有概括性的信息，从上下文连贯的意思来理解全文。好些文章的主题句并不明显，需要我们仔细体会字里行间的意思，了解文章的背景知识、文章结构，推断作者意图或态度，从整体上把握文章的主旨。从全局的角度归纳概括出文章的标题。要防止本末倒置，主次不分（如例3中的B. the difference between poker and chess），以点代面（如例5中的D. A job Offered by Dr. Mattoni），以偏概全（如例4中的D. Touch-screen devices make shopping enjoyable.）等，这样才能排除干扰项的干扰，选出正确的答案。有些干扰项，从局部看也许不算错，但从全局看却又片面。这类干扰项与正确答案之差，其实是局部与全局之差。考生在做题时不要为局部现象（即细节）迷惑，而忽略了文章的整体思想。有的文章一开始就亮出主题，全文随着主题而展开。建 议：要想真正做好标题的选择，就必须养成良好的阅读习惯，注意阅读方法（如skimming, scanning等）。平时的阅读题材要广泛，如人物传记、新闻广告、社会文化背景、科普知识等。阅读体裁也要广泛，如说明文、记叙文、议论文、应用文等，留意各种阅读材料的标题。同时注意阅读速度。在此基础上，掌握科学的解题思路与分析方法，必将会提高阅读水平。