英语词组92067(25页).doc

-英语词组92067-第 25 页1.It takes/took sb. time/money to do./做某事花了某人时间/金钱it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to do sth。例如：It takes her fifteen minutes to walk to the bus stop from her home.从她家走着到公交车站她需要花15分钟。It took the old man three days to finish the work.完成这项工作那个老人花了3天的时间。2.It is time (for sb.) to do./是(某人)该做的时候了it是形式主语，真正的主语是动词不定式to do sth. 例如：Its time for the child to go to bed. 那个孩子该睡觉了。3.It seems that.似乎/看样子;It appears to sb. that./在某人看来，似乎此句中的it是主语，that引导的是表语从句。例如：It seems that he is lying. 看样子他好像是在撒谎。It appears to me that he never smiles. 在我看来，他从来不笑。4.It is/was + 形容词 + for sb. to do./做某事对某人来说It是形式主语，真正的主语是不定式to do sth。例如：It's not easy for us to study English well.对我们来说学好英语并不容易。It's a good idea for us to travel around the world.周游世界对我们来说是个好主意。5.It has been.(一段时间)+ since引导的从句/自从以来已经了该句型中since引导的时间状语从句常用一般过去时。例如：It's twenty years since he moved here.他自从搬到这里已经20年了。It has been six years since he married Mary.他和玛丽结婚已经六年了。1.It happened that. 碰巧相当于happen to do。例如：It happened that I heard their secret.可改写为：I happened to hear their secret.我碰巧听到了他们的秘密。2.How do you like.你认为怎么样?与what do you think of?同义。例如：How do you like the weather in Beijing?你认为北京的天气怎么样?3.have sb. (to) do/with sth. 帮助某人做其中的to可以省略。例如：I often help my mother with housework.我常常帮助妈妈做家务。Would you please help me (to) search for the请你帮助我查查这些词好吗?4.had/make/get sth. done 让某事被做(让他人完成某事)sth.为宾语，done为过去分词作补语。例如：We had/made/got the radio repaired.我们让人把收音机修好了。5.had better (not) do. 最好/最好(不)had better为情态动词短语，其后需用动词原形。had better常用缩写，变成'd better，其否定形式是在其后直接加not。例如：We had better forget it. = We'd better forget it.我们最好忘记这件事情。You'd better wear warm clothes because it is too cold.今天冷，你最好穿暖和一些。1、excuse, forgive, pardon这三个词都表示“原谅，宽恕”。excuse:“原谅”，指有意放过人们在社会，习俗方面的具体行为。如错误，疏忽或失职，不予以指责和惩罚。常用词组：excuse for原谅;excuse from/to do免除。如：Please excuse me for using your telephone without asking permission. I thought you wouldn't mind.请原谅，我没有得到你的允许就用了你的电话，我想你不会介意吧!The meeting lasted so long that Mr. Laurence had to excuse himself to keep an appointment.会开了好久，因此劳伦斯为了赶另一个约会，不得不请求先行离去。forgive:“饶恕，宽恕，赦免”，感情色彩较浓，表示不但放弃一切报复要求，而且打消一切复仇的心理，不再愤恨，强调主观和内心的宽恕。She was so kind as to forgive her intimate friend who had betrayed her when she was in a great difficulty.她如此善良，竟能原谅在她处境最艰难时背叛她的挚友。He forgave injuries so readily that he might be said to invite them.他如此爽快地宽恕了那些伤害，简直可以说，他是在招惹伤害。pardon:“原谅，宽恕”，正式用语，指放弃处罚要求，予以赦免，尤其指由上级按法律正式赦免过失或过错。作原谅讲时，同excuse。It became necessary to fly our lives, but we couldn't expect to be pardoned.我们有必要逃命，但我们不能指望得到宽恕。Please pardon my asking, but isn't my text book on your desk?对不起，请问，我的课本是在你的桌子上吗?2、easy, easilyeasy作副词用时，不能与easily混淆。easy作副词用时主要用于口语和习语中，常与单音节的简单动词连用。它有“轻易地，安适地，慢慢地，小心地”等含义。如：We often talk about reducing our costs, but it is easier said than done.我们经常谈论降低成本，但说来容易做来难。Take it easy!别紧张!Easy come, easy go.来得容易去得快。Go easy here!走慢一点!easily是在表示“容易地，舒适地”等意义的easy的基础上通过加后缀构成的副词。在表示“不费力地，毫无困难地”等意义时，相当于with ease。它还有“舒适地，流畅地，顺利地，很可能”等意义。如：He won the match easily.他轻而易举地赢得了比赛。The machine is running easily.机器运转得很好。He may easily be late today.今天他很可能迟到。as long as=so long as 只要【例句】As long as you don't betray me, I'll do whatever you ask me to (do).只要你不出卖我，要我做什么我都愿意。as long as: 和一样长【例句】This line is four times as long as that one.这条线是那条线的四倍长。【总结】当用于同级比较时，as.as 既可用于肯定中也可用于否定句中，而so.as 只能用于否定句中。His pencil is as long as mine.His pencil isn't so/as long as mine.当表示只要时，两者没有什么区别，可以替换。【词语辨析】as long as，as far asas long as有“只要”的意思As long as you keep working, you will get what you want.as far as的意思比较抽象，可以表示距离上的“远到，直到”也有“据我所知”的意思，翻译起来可根据上下文语境灵活处理。As far as I can see, it is a perfect plan.在我看来，这是个完美的计划。as if 似乎、好像【例句】She treats himas if he were a stranger.她待他如陌生人。【总结】(一)as if 从句的作用。在look, seem 等系动词后引导表语从句。如：She looks as if she were ten years younger. 她看起来好像年轻了十岁。引导方式状语从句。如：She loves the boy as if she were his mother. 她爱这男孩，就好像她是他的母亲一样。(二)as if 还可用于省略句中 如果as if 引导的从句是“主语+系动词”结构，可省略主语和系动词，这样as if 后就只剩下名词、不定式、形容词(短语)、介词短语或分词。如：He acts as if (he was) a fool. 他做事像个傻子。(三)as if 从句的语气及时态 as if 从句用陈述语气的情况。当说话者认为句子所述的是真实的或极有可能发生或存在的事实时。如：It sounds as if it is raining. 听起来像是在下雨。He talks as if he is drunk. 从他谈话的样子来看他是醉了。as if从句用虚拟语气的情况。当说话人认为句子所述的是不真实的或极少有可能发生或存在的情况时。从句虚拟语气动词时态的形式如下：a.如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。如：ou look as if you didn't care. 你看上去好像并不在乎.b.从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”。如：He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. 他说起罗马来好像他以前去过罗马似的。c.从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。如：He opened his mouth as if he would say something. 他张开嘴好像要说什么。易混词辨析：base、basisbase指任何起支撑作用的基础、底座、基地等。basis多指构成观点、思想、理论等的基础、依据，固定搭配为on the basis of sth。易混词辨析：awake、wake、wakenawake既可以用作及物动词，也可以用作不及物动词。wake常用作叫醒某人，固定搭配为wake sb. up。waken用作吵醒某人，惊醒某人，是及物动词。易混词辨析：answer、reply、respondanswer为常用语，为及物动词，后面可以接door、telephone、question、letter等。reply较正式用语，用作不及物动词，常见固定搭配为reply to。respond一般表示对做出反应，表示回答时，常见固定搭配为respond to。易混词辨析：argue debate disputeargue强调说理，论证，后面跟for或against引导的短语或that引导的从句。debate指辩论的双方各自陈述理由，尤其是公开地、正式地辩论。dispute指就有分歧的地方进行激烈的争论，并含有相持不下，或未得到解决的意味。易混词辨析：annoy、bother、trouble、disturbannoy指外界的干涉让人无法忍受或令人讨厌，或指某人故意或怀有敌意地去打扰别人。bother指一般的打扰或麻烦，没有故意的含义。trouble指烦恼，麻烦，一般是给别人带来行动或身心上的痛苦。disturb指打扰、扰乱别人正在进行的事情。1.易混词辨析：announce、declareannounce指宣布公众期望的与公众有关的事情，暗含预告的意思。declare指官方或个人的较正式的声明，一般用于庄重的场合。2.易混词辨析：among、betweenamong指在三者或三者以上之间。between指两者之间以及三者或三者以上的两两之间。3.易混词辨析：ung、hangedhung是hang的过去式和过去分词，意思是挂。hanged是hang的过去式和过去分词，意思是吊死。4.易混词辨析：grasp、seize、snatchgrasp为常用语，表示用适度的力量抓牢。seize表示突然用力抓住。snatch表示出其不意地突然抓取。5.易混词辨析：fame、honour、reputationfame为常用语，一般指好的名声。honour指荣誉，尊敬，尤指受到公众尊敬的荣誉。reputation指公众对某人的看法，其名声可好可坏。1.易混词辨析：endure、bear、stand、tolerateendure表示长时间经受痛苦而不屈服，正式的书面用语。bear表示忍受使人悲痛、烦恼或痛苦的事情。stand表示忍受，多用于口语。tolerate表示自我克制的态度，对于令人反感的事情没有任何反对意见。2.易混词辨析：everyday、every dayeveryday表示每日的，日常的，用作定语。every day表示每天，用作状语。3.易混词辨析：emergence、emergencyemergence意为出现，显现，暴露。emergency意为紧急状况，突发事件。4.易混词辨析：economic、economicaleconomic表示经济(学)的。economical表示节约的，节俭的。5.易混词辨析：duty、responsibilityduty常用语，多指发自内心的伦理道德上的责任。responsibility指从道德和法律上对事件的后果负责。1.易混词辨析：discover、inventdiscover表示发现存在的事物。invent表示发明或创造不存在的事物。2.易混词辨析：decrease、reducedecrease表示逐渐减少或缩减。reduce为常用语，使用范围较大，可以指范围、数量、程度的减小，也可以指地位、经济状况等的降低。3.易混词辨析：damage、destroy、harm、ruindamage一般指部分性的破坏，含有可以修复的意思。destroy指彻底的毁坏或破坏。harm多指带来悲痛，产生恶果的伤害，可以是肉体的也可以是精神的。ruin指由于自然力或时间的作用而逐渐损坏，其比喻用法有彻底毁坏名声，欺侮等意思。4.易混词辨析：custom、habitcustom指一个民族的风俗习惯。habit是指个人的生活习惯。5.易混词辨析：crack、crashcrack表示破裂，砸开。crash表示摔坏，碰撞，坠毁。1.易混词辨析：cure、treatcure指治愈疾病。treat多侧重治疗过程。2.易混词辨析：current、presentcurrent表示现阶段正在流行，通用，但并不一定是最新的。present指现在正在通用的，时间上比current的范围更窄。3.易混词辨析：award、reward、prizeaward作动词，意为授予(奖品，奖金)，后面跟双宾语;作名词指奖金或奖品。reward作动词，意为报酬，酬谢，只能跟人或人的行为作宾语;作名词指为了某项劳动或行为所付的酬金。prize作名词，多指在竞赛中所赢得的奖。4.易混词辨析：gaze、stare、look、seegaze表示由于惊奇、兴奋而目不转睛地注视或凝视。stare表示由于好奇、害怕而睁大眼睛看着。look表示一般地看，强调看的过程。see表示一般地看，强调看的结果。5.易混词辨析：error、mistake、fauh、shortcomingerror是常用语，可以指任何错误。固定搭配为commit/make an elror。mistake指判断或理解方面，或因考虑不周而造成的错误。固定搭配为make a mistake。fault表示过失，常用来指因缺少某因素而不完美。shortcoming指人或事物的缺点。英语四级高频词组60个hold sth to account 与.对证，核实admit to 许可，允许appear to 似乎，好像apply sth to sth 把适用于ask for 要求assure sb of sth 使某人确信某事 ensure sb to dosth 保证某人做某事attach importance to = pay/ call attention to 关注，重视be based on 以为基础be bound to 肯定，一定when it comes to 当谈论到,涉及到be concerned with 担心，忧虑contribute to 促成，造就be content with 对满意cut back 消减be convinced of/that 相信，认为cope with=deal with处理，克服daily routine 日常生活devote to 投身于，致力于have difficulty in doing sth 做.有困难end up sth with sth 用结束be engaged in 参与，从事elementary school 小学be equal to 等同于，相当于expose to 暴露，接触to some /a extent 从某种角度far from 一点也不，根本不fail to 没能做成at fault 有责任，有错误federal authority 联邦政府be filled with 充满have to 必须得homeland security 国土安全be involved in 参与，从事be judged on 按评判，判断lay stress on = focus on 强调，重视meet ones needs/standards 满足需要，符合标准not.but.不是，而是oil drilling= oil tapping= oil exploitation 开采石油owing to/ due to / because of / thanks to 幸亏，由于，因为oppose to 反对make a point of 重视pay increases 加薪persuade sb to do sth 劝说pick up 捡起，接送，学习there is no question that 毫无疑问range from to范围从到resort to 采取方法，手段be responsible for 对负责have roots in根源于，原因in the long run 从长远角度看see/view/regard/consider as 把当作，看做share ones opinion 同意.的观点have something to do with 和有关 have nothing to do with 和无关social ties 社会联系stop/prevent/keep sb from doing sth 阻止.做.strive to do 设法，努力tend to 常常in terms of 有关于，涉及到volunteer to do sth 主动，志愿in the wake of sth 之后1. at the thought of一想到2. as a whole (=in general) 就整体而论3. at will 随心所欲4. (be) abundant in(be rich in; be well supplied with) 富于，富有5. access(to) (不可数名词) 能接近，进入，了解6. by accident(=by chance, accidentally)偶然地，意外. Without accident(=safely) 安全地，7. of ones own accord(=without being asked; willingly; freely)自愿地 ,主动地8. in accord with 与一致 . out of ones accord with 同。不一致9. with one accord (=with everybody agreeing)一致地10. in accordance with (=in agreement with) 依照，根据11. on ones own account1) 为了某人的缘故， 为了某人自己的利益2) (=at ones own risk) 自行负责3) (=by oneself)依靠自己12. takeinto account(=consider)把.。考虑进去13. give sb. an account of 说明， 解释 (理由)14. account for (=give an explanation or reason for) 解释， 说明。15. on account of (=because of) 由于，因为。applaude.g. I applaud your decision. 我赞成你的决定。favore.g. No one would look with favor on the continuing military rule. 没有人会支持继续的军事统治。advocatee.g. We advocate strict control of pollution to protect environment. 我们主张严格控制污染以保护环境。in favor ofe.g. Some people are in favor of reform, and others have concerns. 一些人赞同进行改革,而另一些人心存疑惑。be side withe.g. I think a life of man grows during unceasing learning and we should respect and be side with the person who has the will of learning. 我不认为这样的学习想法是不对的，我认为人的一生是在不断的学习中成长的，只要人们有学习的愿望，它们都应该受到尊重和支持。in agreement withe.g. The responses to this post are mostly in agreement with Gilad's points. 文章的读者回复大多数都同意Gilad的观点。go fore.g. I tried to work hard and do all the right stuff but it just didn't seem to go for me. 我尽力去刻苦努力，做所有正确的事情,但是似乎就是不适合于我。votee.g. 52.5% of those questioned said they'd vote Republican. 52.5%的受访者说他们将投票支持共和党。proponent 支持者e.g. Halsey was identified as a leading proponent of the values of progressive education. 哈尔西被认为是进步教育价值观的首要支持者。expose.toe.g. We want to expose the kids to as much art and culture as possible. 我们想让孩子们尽量受到艺术和文化熏陶。have / get access toe.g. If students do not have access to weapons, then they are less likely to use them in school. 如果学生们没有接触过武器,那么他们在学校里使用他们的可能性就小一些。e.g. It depends on where you are and what you can get access to. 这取决于你所在的位置以及你可以使用的网络。opposee.g. Mr. Taylor was not bitter toward those who had opposed him. 泰勒先生并不仇恨那些曾经反对过他的人。proteste.g. They were protesting soaring prices. 他们在抗议不断飞涨的物价。frown 皱眉e.g. In her family, any expression of feeling was frowned upon. 她家里对任何感情的流露都不以为然。object toe.g. Those who object to it argue that students should not spend their precious time in this way. 反对大学生打工的人指出大学生不应该把宝贵的时间花在这上面。go againste.g. Changes are being made here which go against my principles and I cannot agree with them. 这里在被改变,这有悖我的原则,我不能同意。disagree withe.g. But he said that to recognize forces and opinions that disagree with government policies is a sign of strength. 但他说，对于武装力量和舆论而言，不同意政府的政策,这是力量的象征 。opponent 反对者e.g. If you don't know yourself and know your opponent, then this kind of confidence scares me. 如果你不了解你自己和你的对手，那么你的这种信心让我感到害怕。英语四级高频词汇：呈现，展现，描述showe.g. But while we all have this need for attachment, the way we show it differs. 然而尽管我们都拥有这种依恋需要，但是我们表现出来的方式是不一样的。displaye.g. This field determines where to display the event on the calendar. 该字段决定了在日程表的什么地方显示事件。illustratee.g. I can cite quite a few instances to illustrate. 我可以举出好几件事来说明。exhibite.g. But he needs to exhibit a far more explicit sense of personal responsibility for his work. 但是他还需要展示一种更加明确的对个人工作的责任感。describee.g. If you cannot describe your product in one sentence, you cannot sell it. 如果你不能一句话描述你的产品，它就卖不出去。depicte.g. She depicted the situation to me in great detail. 她向我详尽地描述了形势。demonstratee.g. A selection of cosmetic companies will be there to demonstrate their new products. 一些化妆品公司会在那里展示他们的新产品。unfolde.g. The issues on your mind unfold clearly, as if they were in slow motion. 你的心结就像是慢动作似的在你的面前清晰地展开。point to the fact that.e.g. All of these indicators point to the fact that the Chinese economic story is unsustainable. 这些数据都指明了一个事实,那就是中国经济神话正在变得不稳定。英语四级高频词汇：有影响exert.effects one.g. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. 越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。have an effect/ impact/ influence one.g. What you say or do will have an effect on others. 你所说或所做的每一件事都会对别人产生影响。e.g. These shifts will inevitably have an impact on financial regulatory policy. 这些变化将不可避免地影响金融监管政策。e.g. Eighty-four percent of Americans say online customer evaluations have an influence on their decision to purchase a product or service. 84%的美国人认为网上顾客的评价,会影响他们购买产品或服务的决定。英语四级高频词汇：不管，尽管no matter.e.g. No matter what the situation, they just smile. 不管在什么情况下,他们只是笑笑。regardless ofe.g. Every problem you have is your responsibility, regardless of who caused it. 不管是谁造成的,你都需要对你面对的每个问题负全责。despitee.g. All the people on the ship were in safety despite the storm. 虽然遇到风暴,船上所有的人都安然无恙。in spite ofe.g. We adhered to our original plan of swimming in spite of the bad weather. 尽管天气恶劣,我们仍然坚持按预定计划游泳。认为，断言：I am convinced thate.g. I am convinced that you cannot study the mind solely by looking at the discipline of psychology. 我坚信，仅仅局限于心理学学科的学习,是不可能让你有能力去研究人类心理的。holde.g. I hold the opinion that money we save now might be worthless in ten years time. 我认为我们现在存的钱过了十年或许变得毫无价值。claime.g. While many people claim that they thrive in high-stress environments, others work best in some place that is relaxing and tranquil.