谓语动词的被动语态(5页).doc
-谓语动词的被动语态-第 5 页谓语动词的被动语态1各种时态的被动语态的谓语动词形式: a. 一般现在时 : am /is /are done b. 一般过去时 : was/were donec. c.含情态动词的被动语态:情态动词 be 过去分词 can be done may be done must be doned. 现在完成时的被动语态:have/has been done e.一般将来时的被动语态:will/be going to be donef.现在进行时的被动语态；am/is/are being done2.复合宾语的被动语态: (主动语态中不带to,被动语态中要加to) 使役动词make/have/let sb do sth叫某人做某事 (其被动语态为sb be made/had/let to do sth).感官动词see/hear/feel/notice sb do sth(其被动语态为sb be seen/heard/felt/noticed to do sth.)(感、使inf.作宾补，主动结构to省去，被动结构to 回来。)3.短语动词的被动语态: 变被动语态时不要去掉组成谓语动词短语的任何一个词We must take good care of him.=He must be taken good care of.(of不能漏掉)You can catch up with us soon.=We can be caught up with soon.（with不能漏掉）4. 下列情况不能用被动语态： A 不及物动词： The accident happened on a busy road yesterday .(happen, take place) B连系动词： The girl looks like her sister .(五官feel/taste/look/sound/smell, 五变become/turn green/grow/go bad/get warmer/, be, keep fit/healthy, seem)Dont cross the road until the light _ green./ This dress _ nice.(look)C 英语中有些动词用主动语态表示被动语态。(表示物体本身所具有的一种性质)sell/write/read/wash/ride/cut well The cloth washes well ./ This kind of bags sells well. / The shoes wear long. / The knife cuts well . / The pen writes smoothly . / This coat lasts long .非谓语动词：一、动词不定式构成:to do ,否定式not to do.动词不定式的复合结构for sb to do sth.（1）后面接sb to do sth的动词：ask sb to do sth=tell sb to do sth叫某人做某事 help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事would like sb to do sth,want sb to do sth想要某人做某事use sth to do sth,使用某物去做某事 do what he could to help me尽他所能来帮助我wish sb to do sth希望某人做某事 advise sb to do sth建议某人做某事remind sb to do sth提醒某人做某事（2）后面接sb do sth的动词：使役动词make/have/let sb do sth叫某人做某事 (其被动语态为sb be made/had/let to do sth).感官动词see/hear/feel/notice sb do sth(其被动语态为sb be seen/heard/felt/noticed to do sth.)（3）后面接to do sth 的动词： have to do sth不得不做某事 need/require to do sth需要做某事 want to do sth/would like to do sth想要做某事hope/wish to do sth(注意没有hope sb to do sth)希望做某事be happy/glad/pleased/afraid/better/crazy/(等形容词)to do sth try to do sth 努力做某事(下决心要把它做好了) try/do onet best to do sth, 尽最大努力做某事decide to do sth决定做某事 volunteer to do sth志愿去做某事be willing to do sth愿意做某事 prefer to do sth比较喜欢做某事take turns to do sth轮流做某事 take action(s) to do sth采取行动做某事cant wait to do sth迫不及待去做某事 be likely to do sth可能要做某事ought (not) to do sth （不）应该做某事had better (not) do sth最好（不要）做某事 Its better to do sth做某事比较好get ready to do sth准备做某事be ready to do sth准备/乐意做某事have something to say/eat，have nothing to worry about would you please (not) do sth请你（不要）做某事好吗？would like to do sth想要做某事 why not do sth为什么不做某事呢？wait for sb to do sth, 等候某人做某事（4）.特殊疑问词（如how,what,when,where等） 动词不定式to do 作宾语 (I dont what to do./ I dont know how to do it./ I dont know when to go to Hongkong)have to go home to do housework(不定式表示目的 leave home to work, We can do everything we can to help you)Its important/easy/hard/right/good for sb to do sth. It takes sb some time to do sth花费某人一些时间做某事二、动名词1. 动词后面接doing sth： enjoy doing sth喜欢做某事 look forward to doing sth盼望着做某事finish doing sth结束 做某事 like doing sth/to do sth喜欢做某事thank sb for doing sth感谢某人做某事 be afraid of doing sth担心、害怕做某事keep doing sth不断的做某事 mind doing sth介意做某事practice doing sth练习做某事 pay attention to doing sth注意做某事have difficulty/trouble/fun (in)doing sth做某事有困难/困难/麻烦/乐趣（高兴）can help doing sth=cant stop doing sth忍不住/情不自禁去做某事devote to doing sth 致力于做某事 dislike doing sth不喜欢做某事carry on doing sth继续做某事spend some time (in) doing sth花费一些时间做某事stop/prevent sb (from) doing sth阻止某人做某事keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事keep sb doing sth使某人一直做某事prefer doing A to doing B.宁愿做事情A也不愿 做事情B.喜欢做事情A更胜于做事情Bwould rather do than do B.宁愿做事情A也不愿做事情B2、介词 后面接动名词doing(instead of doing sth,about doing sth,what about/how about doing sth,by doing sth)be busy doing sth忙于做某事 be interested in doing sth对做某事感兴趣feel like doing 想要做某事start/begin to do sth/doing sth开始做某事give up doing sth放弃做某事 go/carry on doing sth继续做某事3、几个搭配的区别： remember to do sth是提醒别忘做某事，这个动作在说话的时候还没做 remember doing sth是已做过某事，说话的时候动作已完成。 Remember to close the door, please. 记着关门。 （说话时门还没有关）I remember closing the door.我记得我关了门了。（说话时门已经关了）forget to do sth和forget doing sthSorry,I forgot to bring the book.(对不起，我忘了带书了。) I forgot borrowing a book from you.（我忘记曾经向你借过书这件事）Dont forget to do sth.不要忘记去做某事stop to do sth停下来去做另一件事stop doing停止正在做的事Stop _, the teacher is coming.(talk)I met an old friend on my way home yesterday. I stopped _ with him.(talk)go on to do sth继续做另外一件事/go on doing sth继续做同一件事need/require to do 需要做某事 need/require doing 需要被(有被动的意思 )I need to wash my clothes. My clothes need washing. e.g. Your shoes are too dirty. They need _.(wash)You look tired. You need _ a good rest. (have)动词填空的解题思路首先判断有无动词的固定搭配，比如：ask sb _, finish _如果没有动词搭配，然后看是否有明显的时间状语标志，比如：看到now一般用_。如果上面两者都没有，可以从上下文去推断该用什么时态。比如：Dont make any noise. The baby _ (sleep)注意点：看清单复数（尤其是一般现在时的三单式），主动还是被动语态，肯定还是否定祈使句有两种形式，动词原形开头和dont 动词原形开头 Come here./Dont go there. 两种从句的不同，根据需要选用不同的时态。Ill call you if I _ there tomorrow. (get)They wont begin the meeting until he _. (come)Dont write to him until he _ there.(arrive)I dont know if he _ to Nanjing next month.(fly)Im not sure when he _ to Nanjing.(fly)在宾语从句中A.若主句用一般现在时，则从句可根据实际情况用各种时态。如：The radio says the snow later in the day. (stop)I know who the fewest yesterday.(pick) B.若主句用一般过去时，则宾语从句要依情况用过去的某种时态：一般过去时，过去将来时，过去进行时，过去完成时。如： He said that they to the Great Wall. (be) Mary told me that she for Paris the next day. (leave) C.无论主句是什么时态，宾语从句中客观真理都用一般现在时。 The teacher said the earth around the sun.(move)(5) 在完成时中，要注意瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换。如： They borrowed the book two weeks ago. They have kept the books for 2 weeks. buyhave, joinbe in / be a member of, leavebe away, arrivebe here, beginbe on, come back be back, die be dead, fall asleepbe asleep, get upbe up, finishbe over Our classroom _(clean) every day.How often _ your clothes _(wash)? Every two days.He is made _(stay) at home on Sunday.The twins _(ask) to come again yesterday.The bike _(return) by my uncle tomorrow.So far, a lot of trees _(plant).A book must _(read) more than once./The little boy should _(take) good care of.A talk on history _(give) in our school next week.The picture _(take) down by the twins just now.Coke _(sell) all over the world./The fish _(eat) up by him an hour ago.The sweater _(buy) yesterday./Trousers _(make) in this factory.The trees in front of the house _(water) by my father every day.An English song _(learn) tomorrow./_ the bike _(ride) by you?
