英语修辞手法.pdf
英语修辞手法英语中的修辞与汉语的修辞相比 ,分类细,种类多.下面将英语的修辞简单介绍如下:明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性.标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though,similar to, such as 等.例如:1.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risento hear him crow.2.I wandered lonely as a cloud.3.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had justwalked out of a fairy tale.隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如:1.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed,and some few to be chewed and digested.借喻,转喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物 ,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如:1.The kettle boils. 水开了.2.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如:Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如:a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如:I had the muscle, and they made money out of it.我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.提喻提喻用部分代替全体 ,或用全体代替部分 ,或特殊代替一般.例如:1.There are about 100 hands working in hisfactory.(部分代整体)他的厂里约有 100 名工人.2.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)他是本世纪的牛顿.3.The fox goes very well with your cap.（整体代部分）这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.通感,联觉,移觉这种修辞法是以视.听.触.嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物.通感就是把 不同感官的感觉 沟通起来，借 联想引起感觉转移， “以感觉写感觉” 。通感技巧的运用，能突破语言的局限，丰富表情达意的审美情趣，起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如：欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏；闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体；听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子；又比如朱自清荷塘月色里的“ 微风过处送来缕缕清香 ,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的” 。例如:1.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth theirlily like voice.（用视觉形容听觉，鸟落在树上，由它发出的声音联想到百合花）鸟儿落在树上,倾泻出百合花似的声音.2.Taste the music of Mozart.（用嗅觉形容听觉）品尝 Mozart 的音乐.拟人拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.例如:1.The night gently lays her hand at our feveredheads.（把夜拟人化）2.I was very happy and could hear the birds singingin the woods.（把鸟拟人化）夸张夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的 .它可以加强语势,增加表达效果.例如:1.I beg a thousand pardons.2.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and themoon and the stars.3.When she heard the bad news, a river of tearspoured out.排比, 平行这种修辞法是把两个或两个以上的结构大体相同或相似,意思相关,语气一致的短语 .句子排列成串 ,形成一个整体.例如:1.No one can be perfectly free till all are free;no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; noone can be perfectly happy till all are happy.2.In the days when all these things are to beanswered for, I summon you and yours, to the last ofyour bad race, to answer for them. In the days when allthese things are to be answered for, I summon yourbrother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for themseparately.委婉,婉辞法婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话.例如:1.He is out visiting the necessary.?他出去方便一下.2.Hisrelationwithhiswifehasnotbeenfortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽.3.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. （去世）讽喻,比方（原意“寓言” ）建立在假借过去或别处的事例与对象之上，传达暗示，影射或者讥讽现世各种现象的含义。英文解释：an expressive style that uses fictionalcharacters and events to describe some subject bysuggestive resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英语专业大学英语教程一书这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法 ,意为换个方式的说法.它是一种形象的描述 ,具有双重性 ,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.例如:1.Make the hay while the sun shines.表层含义：趁着出太阳的时候晒草真正意味：趁热打铁2.Its time to turn plough into sword.表层含义：是时候把犁变成剑反语反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法 ,而在表扬时 ,则近乎责难的说法.例如:1.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing whattime it was in the morning.早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊（真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念）2Of course, you only carry large notes, no smallchange on you. the waiter said to the beggar.双关双关就是用 一个词在句子中的双重含义 ,借题发挥.作出多种解释,旁敲侧击,从而达到意想不到的幽默 .滑稽效果.它主要以相似的词形.词意和谐音的方式出现.例如:1.She is too low for a high praise, too brown fora fair praise and too little for a great praise.2.An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroadfor the good of his country.3.If we dont hang together, we shall hangseparately.仿拟这是一种模仿名言.警句.谚语,改动其中部分词语 ,从而使其产生新意的修辞.例如:1.Rome was not built in a day, nor in a year.2.A friend in need is a friend to be avoided.3.If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will makeaddress of it. question 修辞疑问（反问）它与疑问句的不同在于它并不以得到答复为目的 ,而是以疑问为手段,取得修辞上的效果,其特点是:肯定问句表示强烈否定,而否定问句表示强烈的肯定 .它的答案往往是不言而喻的.例如:1.How was it possible to walk for an hour throughthe woods and see nothing worth of note?2.Shall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?对照,对比,对偶这种修辞指将 意义完全相反的语句排在一起对比 的一种修辞方法.例如:1.Not that I loved Caeser less but that I lovedRomemore.2.You are staying; I am going.3.Give me liberty, or give me death.隽语这是一种貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深长的说法 ,是一种矛盾修辞法.例如:1.More haste, less speed.欲速则不达2.The child is the father to the man.（童年时代可决定人之未来）三岁看大，四岁看老。反意法,逆喻这也是一种矛盾修辞法 ,用两种不相调和的特征形容一个事物,以不协调的搭配使读者领悟句中微妙的含义.例如:1.No light, but rather darkness visible. 没有光亮，黑暗却清晰可见2.The state of this house is cheerless welcome.渐进法,层进法这种修辞是将一系列词语按照 意念的大小.轻重.深浅.高低等逐层渐进,最后达到顶点.可以增强语势,逐渐加深读者印象.例如:1.I am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremelysorry.2.Eye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing hadtouched his heart of stone.渐降法与 climax 相反的一种修辞法,将一系列词语由大到小,由强到弱地排列.例如:1.On his breast he wears his decorations, at hisside a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.2.The duties of a soldier are to protect hiscountry and peel potatoes
