科技英语翻译课程练习三.pdf
科技英语翻译课程练习三答案科技英语翻译课程练习三答案一、词义选择一、词义选择virus 病毒电脑病毒drive 司机磁盘驱动器sense 向、方向、辨别力 (无线电通讯等学科中)读出(在计算机科学中)boot 靴子启动menu 菜单电脑菜单sense antenna 辨向天线sense signal 读出信号bus 公共汽车总线路window 窗口电脑中打开的窗口sense finder 单值侧向器sense amplifier 读出放大器position indicator 定位仪surface indicator 平面规、表面找正器indicator 指示剂(在化学中)indicator paper 试纸示功器， 示压器(在机械中)indicator card 示功卡/示功图指针(仪器)dial indicator 标度盘指示器revolution indicator 转数计二、词义引申二、词义引申1.1. 具体化引申具体化引申1) High-speed grinding does not know this disadvantage.译文：高速磨削不存在此不足。2) The casting takes both the size and the shape of mould.译文：铸件的体积和形状随铸型而异。3) Alloy belongs to a half-way house between mixtures and compounds.译文：合金是介于混合物和化合物之间的一种中间结构。4) This new crucible furnace is a fuel-efficient model.译文：这种新型坩锅炉是节油型锅炉。5) This shows that a vacuum, which is the absence of matter, cannot transmit sound.译文：这表明真空，即没有空气的状态下，不能传播声音。6) The bridge was so well built that it lasted for a hundred years.译文：这座桥建造非常牢固，已使用了百年。2.2. 抽象化引申抽象化引申1) They reach their programmed positions within a few seconds of each other anddetonate. Anything nearby is a goner.译文：导弹相继以几秒之差到达程序制导目标引爆。附近的一切顷刻覆灭。(原文中的goner，本义是“无可挽救的人(或物)”，意义很具体，但如果按照这种直译则文理不通，因此基于goner的内涵及联想意义，作抽象化引申为“顷刻覆灭”。)2) The major contributors in component technology have been in the semi conductors.译文：元件技术中起主要作用的是半导体元件。(contributors一词本义指“贡献者”，表示具体的人，如直接翻译为“主要贡献者”则不符合汉语的语言习惯，因此将该词作抽象化引申，译为“起主要作用”。)3) These gases trap the suns heat whereas sulphur dioxide cools the atmosphere.译文：这些气体留住了阳光中的热量，而二氧化硫使空气冷却。(从该词与句中宾语的逻辑匹配关系看，若直译为“设陷阱捕捉”， 显然文句不顺。因此，抽象化引申为“留住” 。)3.3. 技术性引申技术性引申1) The light in the workshop is poor.译文：车间的电量不足。2) Zinc is easy to obtain from its ore.译文：锌易于从锌矿中提炼。3) Steel and cast iron also differ in carbon.译文：钢与铸铁两者的含碳量也不同。4.4. 修辞性引申修辞性引申1) Graphite in cast iron is not hard, it gives way to pressure.译文：铸铁中的石墨不硬，在压力下会变形。2) Electric resistance furnaces have their electric energy transformed into heat.译文：电阻炉将电能转变为热能。三、增词法三、增词法1.1. 增添原文所省略的词语增添原文所省略的词语1) Metallic matrix composites became useful only in the late eighties.译文：在 80 年代末期，金属基复合材料才成为有用的东西。2) To the extent that it is real, the interaction with the lower boundary seems agood candidate to explain the high persistence of the system.译文：如果这一结果可靠的话，那么这一系统与下边界的相互作用似乎可看作解释它长时间继续存在的可靠原因。3) Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter.译文：物质可以转化为能，能也可以转化为物质。4) Mobile users in India desire a wide range of devices and services.译文：印度的移动用户要求为其提供更多的选择和服务。2.2. 增添必要的连接词语增添必要的连接词语1) Heated, water will change into vapor.译文：水如受热，就会汽化。2) This question is really a technique design rather than an operation problem.译文：这个问题实际上是属于工艺设计方面而非操作方面的问题。3) Having a lot of advantages, this machine will eventually be improved upon.译文：尽管这台机器有很多优点，它总有一天会被别的机器超过的。4) Other material can be used, but pine bark had proven best for repeated use.译文：尽管其他材料也能使用，但松树皮已证明是最适合于多次使用的材料。3.3. 用增词法表达出原文的复数概念用增词法表达出原文的复数概念1) After a series of experiments important phenomena have been ascertained.译文：经一系列实验后，查明了许多重要现象。2) The first steel castings produced by full mold process went into use in 1978.译文：第一批用实型铸造工艺生产的铸钢件于1978 年投入使用。3) The virus may survive weeks and months.译文：病毒将存活数星期乃至数月。4) A gas exerts the same pressure in a mixture of gases as it would exert if it werein the container alone.译文：在混合的几种气体中，每一种气体所具有的压力就与它单独在容器中的压力一样。4.4. 用增词法把抽象概念表达清楚用增词法把抽象概念表达清楚1) Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty.译文：氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。2) The addition or removal of heat may change the state of matter.译文：加热法或去热法都可能改变物质的状态。3) Short-term use of medications is another option.译文：短期使用药物治疗法是另一种选择。4) Corrections and changes are made in accordance with the observed performance.译文：根据观察到的结果进行修正和变换。5) This lack of resistance in very cold metals may become useful in electroniccomputers.译文：这种在低温金属中没有电阻的现象可能对电子计算机很有用处。5.5. 逻辑性增词逻辑性增词(Amplification for Logic)(Amplification for Logic)1) Voltage testers should be checked for correct functioning before use.译文：在使用测压器之前，应检查其功能是否正常。2) Wave your hand in front of your face, and you can feel the air moving.译文：如果在你眼前摆手，你会感到空气在流动。3) The pupil of eye responds to the change of light intensity.译文：瞳孔随着光线强度的变化而变化。4) Air pressure decreases with altitude.译文：气压随海拔高度的增加而下降。5) As no machine ever runs without some friction, overcoming the force wastes work.译文：因为没有一台机器可以无摩擦地运转，所以克服摩擦力只是白费功夫。6) Oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it.译文：与其说海洋将世界分开不如说海洋将世界连接在一起。6.6. 概括性增词概括性增词1) According to scientists, it takes nature 500 years to create an inch of topsoil.译文：根据科学家们的看法，自然界要用500 年的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表层土壤。2) This article summed up the new achievements made in electronic computers,artificial satellites and rockets.译文：本文总结了电子计算机、人造卫星和火箭三方面的新成就。3) The France and Korea conducted a completely secrete exchange of message.译文：法韩双方在完全保密的情况下互相交换了信息。4) The frequency, wavelength, and speed of sound are closely related.译文：声音的频率、波长和速度三者是密切相关的。7.7. 词的重复词的重复1) Avoid using this computer in extreme cold，heat，dust or humidity.译文：不要在过冷、过热、灰尘过重、湿度过大的情况下使用此电脑。2) I had experienced oxygen and/or engine trouble.译文：我曾经遇到的情况，不是氧气设备出故障，就是引擎出故障，或两者都出故障。3) They could sense her （Titanic）mass, her quiet and the ruined splendor of a lostage.译文：他们会体会到它（“泰坦尼克”号）船体的巨大，感受到它周围的可怕沉寂，领略到因岁月的流逝而造成的凄凉景观。4) A proton has a positive charge and an electron a negative charge, but a neutronhas neither.译文：质子带正电，电子带负电，而中子既不带正电，也不带负电。5) Ignorance is the mother of fear as well as admiration.译文：无知是恐惧的根源，也是钦佩的根源。四、减词法四、减词法1.1. 冠词的省略冠词的省略1) The direct arc furnace is particularly suitable for the production of high alloyirons.译文：直流电弧炉特别适用于生产高合金铸铁。2) A protective flux is generally best applied as a low melting point liquid, whichcan easily and efficiently cover the molten metal surface.译文：保护性熔剂一般最好以低熔点液体的形式使用，这使它能容易而有效地覆盖金属液表面。3) Any substance is made of atoms whether it is a solid, a liquid, or a gas.译文：任何物质，不论是固体、液体或气体，都由原子组成。4) The direction of a force can be represented by an arrow.译文：力的方向可以用箭头表示。(另外，用在固定词组和固定搭配中的冠词一般都应减译，如 as a consequence（因此，从而） 、in a few words（简言之） 、on an average（平均说来） 、in the issue（结果） 、make the grade（达到标准，合乎要求） 、hit the mark（中标，达到目的）等。)2.2. 代词的省略代词的省略1) Before you begin to work the instrument, first read the instruction carefully.译文：在使用本仪器前，请首先仔细阅读说明书。 （减译人称代词）2) You can surf the Web or write emails on your laptop while your mobile phone isin your bag.译文：当手机在包里的时候，可以用笔记本电脑上网或写电子邮件。（减译人称代词）3) The process of separating a metal from its ore is called smelting.译文：将金属从矿石中分离出来的过程叫冶炼。 （减译物主代词）4) Your Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) or laptop can receive images taken with aBluetooth-equipped digital camera.译文：个人数字助理（PDA）或笔记本电脑可以收到蓝牙型数码照相机发送的照片5) Friction always manifests itself as a force that opposes motion.译文：摩擦总是表现为一种阻碍运动的力。 （减译反身代词）6) What is known as the frequency is the number of times that the motion repeats itselfper unit time.译文：所谓频率就是该运动在单位时间内重复的次数。 （减译反身代词）7) It was not until the middle of the 19th century that the blast furnace came intouse.译文：直到十九世纪中叶，高炉才开始使用。 （减译非人称代词“it” ）8) Like zinc, iron also converts itself into a vapor at high temperature.译文：象锌一样，铁在高温下也会变蒸汽。 （减译其他代词）3.3. 介词的省略介词的省略(omission of the Preposition)(omission of the Preposition)1) Gusty winds may blowout of a thunderstorm at speedin excess of 75 miles an hour.译文：阵风可以以每小时75 英里以上的速度从雷暴中吹出。2) An increase in nodule number and improvements in nodule shape in heavy ductileiron castings can be effected by the addition of a small amount of antimony.译文：通过添加少量的锑，可增加大断面球铁件中的石墨球数并改善石墨球的形态。3) The difference between the two machines consists in power.译文：这两台机器的差别在于功率不同。4) If I had known it, I would not have joined in it.译文：早知如此，我就不参加了。5) Like charges repel each other while opposite charges attract.译文：同性电荷相斥，异性电荷相吸。4.4. 连词的省略连词的省略1) Manganese goes into solid solution and then it forms a separate constituent.译文：锰进入固溶体，然后形成游离的组元。 （减译并列连词）2) Electric charges, positive and negative, which are responsible for electrical force,can wipe one another out and disappear.译文：产生电场力的正负电荷会相互抵消掉。 （减译并列连词）3) The sun heats the earth, which makes it possible for plants to grow.译文：太阳晒热地球，使植物得以生长。 （减译从属连词）4) Providing that we know both the current and resistance, the voltage can becalculated.译文：知道了电流和电阻，就能求出电压。 （减译从属连词）5) There is no time when the circulation of water does not take place.译文：水循环无时不在进行。 （减译从属连词）6) A force which is a vector quantity has three elements.译文：力有矢量，有三个要素。 （减译从属连词）5.5. 动词的省略动词的省略1) This dioxide produces about ten times more radiant power than that one.译文：这只二极管的耗散功率比那只大9 倍左右。 （减译动词 produce）2) This laser beam covers a very narrow range of frequencies.译文：这种激光束的频率范围很窄。 （减译动词 cover）3) The Beta cell could provide mankinds first permanent cure for diabetes.译文：Beta 细胞也许可以根治人类的糖尿病。 （减译动词 provide）4) When the pressure gets low, the boiling-point becomes low.译文：气压低，沸点就低。 （减译系动词 become）5) In most cases the soil near the surface is merely damp and is not completelysaturated with water.译文：在大多数情况下，地表附近的土壤仅仅有些潮湿，但含水量并未完全饱和。 （减译系动词 is）6) The wire gets hot, for the current becomes too great.译文：电线发热，因为电流太大。 （减译系动词 get）
