介词关系代词课件.ppt

关于介词关系代词现在学习的是第1页，共46页Preposition +which / +whomAATTIBIBUTIIVEE: F FOLLOW ME ME!定语从句定语从句现在学习的是第2页，共46页介词介词+关系词的定义关系词的定义当介词后的宾语提前做为先行词时，介词可以放当介词后的宾语提前做为先行词时，介词可以放在定语从句中，也可提前放于关系词前在定语从句中，也可提前放于关系词前He is the person _ you spoke to that/who/whom He is the person _ you spoke.whomThis is the house _ I lived in 4 years agoThis is the house _ I lived 4y agothat/which whichtoin现在学习的是第3页，共46页The cityThe city whichwhich she lives inin is far away. .The manThe man whomwhom you spoke toto is our headmaster. .The farm which we worked on ten years ago is beautiful.This is the tree which we used to play games under.The farm on which we worked ten years ago is beautiful.The manThe man toto whomwhom you spoke is our headmaster. you spoke is our headmaster.The cityThe city inin whichwhich she lives is far away. .This is the tree under which we used to play games.现在学习的是第4页，共46页介词介词+关系词的功能关系词的功能一、一、“介词介词+关系代词关系代词” 结构在定语从句中主要起结构在定语从句中主要起关系副词的关系副词的作用，即在定语从句中充当状语作用，即在定语从句中充当状语。用在介词后的关系代词只。用在介词后的关系代词只有有whom, which和和whose 三个，不能用三个，不能用that.二、介词后面的关系词不能省略。二、介词后面的关系词不能省略。三、先行词时物时，介词后用关系词三、先行词时物时，介词后用关系词which，先行词是人时，先行词是人时，介词后用关系词介词后用关系词whom.四、表所属关系时用四、表所属关系时用of which /whomThe boy _ parents are both doctors won the first place in the exam.whoseThe boy the parents of whom are both doctors won the first place in the exam.=of whom the parents现在学习的是第5页，共46页关系副词关系副词when, where, why 和介词和介词+which之间的关系之间的关系关系副词关系副词when, where, why可以用可以用适当的介词适当的介词+which来替代。来替代。如：如：when=in/on/at+which, where=in/on/at+which, why=for+which 。现在学习的是第6页，共46页 1. I wont forget the date on which I was born. 2. This is the room in which I lived. 3. I dont know the reason for which he havent come today. 4. Tom still remembers the days during which they lived in Tianjin. ! ! 5. Hangzhou is the place to which I went last year. 6. I remember the day on which my father died. I was only ten years old at that time.=when=where=why=when=where=when现在学习的是第7页，共46页介词介词+关系词中介词的选择关系词中介词的选择现在学习的是第8页，共46页The money _ which you were to buy dog food is gone.He will never forget the day _ which he failed in the exam.This is the mountain village _ which I stayed last year.Ill never forget the farm _which I worked together with you.with the money 用钱用钱onwithinonon the day 在那天在那天in the mountain village在山村在山村on the farm在农场在农场现在学习的是第9页，共46页 He is really the person _ whom we have a lot to learn. The girl _ whom you are talking is working . The West Lake, _ which Hangzhou is famous, is a beautiful place. The man _ whom I shook hands just now is my daughters English teacher.二、根据定语从句中的二、根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词谓语动词或形容词确定确定learn from sb. 向某人学习向某人学习talk to/with sb. 与某人交谈与某人交谈be famous for 因为因为而闻名而闻名shake hands with sb. 与某人握手与某人握手fromto/withforwith现在学习的是第10页，共46页 Air, _which man cant live, is really important.三、根据定语从句三、根据定语从句句意或主从句的搭配关系句意或主从句的搭配关系来确定来确定The pen _ which he is writing now was bought yesterday.This is my pair of glasses, _ which I cannot see clearly.He is the girl _ whom you went to concert last night.withoutwithwithoutwith现在学习的是第11页，共46页一般情况下，介词放在关系代词一般情况下，介词放在关系代词whichwhich和和whomwhom之之 前，也可放在动词后。前，也可放在动词后。 固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前固定搭配的动词短语中的介词一般不能提前. .常见的这类动词短语有常见的这类动词短语有: look for/after/forward to、care for、 take care of、hear of/about/from, 等等. This is the right place Im looking for. The girl whom he is looking after is his sister. 介词介词+ +关系词中介词的位置关系词中介词的位置现在学习的是第12页，共46页 介词介词关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词引导的定语从句, ,关键是关键是判断判断介词的选择介词的选择, ,方法一是看从句谓语部分方法一是看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词缺少什么介词( (习惯搭配习惯搭配), ),再则可以通过整再则可以通过整个句子整体含义来判断个句子整体含义来判断, ,结合生活实际来判结合生活实际来判断断. . Tips现在学习的是第13页，共46页1. Do you like the book on which she spent $10? 2. Do you like the book for which she paid $10?3. Do you like the book form which she learned a lot? 4. Do you like the book about which she often talks? 介词介词+ +关系代词的使用关系代词的使用5. The man to whom I spoke on the phone last night is very good at writing.6. Glasses, without which I cant see clearly, are really important for me.7. China is a beautiful country, of which we are proud.8. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club?现在学习的是第14页，共46页This is the teacher whose daughter is a famous doctor.=This is the teacher the daughter of whom is a famous doctor.1.1.名词名词+ +介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词 We have three foreign teachers, two of whom are from Canada. 2.2.数词数词+ +介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词( (含基数词含基数词. .序数词序数词. .分数和分数和百分数）百分数） 现在学习的是第15页，共46页3.3.代词代词+ +介词介词+ +关系代词（代词有关系代词（代词有allall、bothboth、nonenone、eithereither、eithereither、somesome、anyany等）等） The old woman has two sons, both of whom are teachers. I have many friends , some of whom are from China. 4.4.形容词最高级形容词最高级+ +介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan Island. 5. 5.介词介词+ +关系代词关系代词+ +名词名词He spent four years in college, during which time he studied medicine.现在学习的是第16页，共46页Look at these sentences !We bought a house in front of _ there is a lake.We had a barbecue on the farm behind _ we found a wood.Mike reached the post office, on the right of _ he noticed a supermarket.whichwhichwhich现在学习的是第17页，共46页 The man _I shook hands just now is my daughters English teacher. A desert is a great plain _ nothing will grow. He was the man _room the thief had stolen the bag. This is my pair of glasses, _I cannot see clearly.from whosewithout which现在学习的是第18页，共46页5.The girl _he spoke made no answer.6.The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _are sold abroad.7.They asked me a lot of questions, many _ I couldnt answer. 8.Two men, _I had ever seen before, came into my office. 我以前我以前从未见过他们从未见过他们现在学习的是第19页，共46页9.He got his first salary，_ he gave to his parents. 其中一半其中一半10.Our country has many islands, _is Taiwan. 其中最大的其中最大的11.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days.现在学习的是第20页，共46页 介词加关系代词的基本用法The man _ you shook hands just now is our headmaster.The room _ my family live used to be a garage.Did you find the pen _ I wrote just now?Did you find the paper _ I wrote my letter?Did you find the composition _ I wrote just now? with whomin whichwith whichon whichwhich现在学习的是第21页，共46页 The farm we worked ten years ago isnt what it used to be. He is the man you can turn for help. This is the tree we used to play games.on whichto whomunder whichon the farm 在农场在农场turn to sb. for help 向某人求助向某人求助under the tree 在树下在树下现在学习的是第22页，共46页 The sun gives us heat and light, _ we cant live. The student _ we were talking just now is the best student in our class. Ill never forget the day _ she said goodbye to me. Who can give me the reason _ he hasnt turned up yet?without whichabout whomon whichfor which现在学习的是第23页，共46页1. The teacher_ _ I learnt most was Mrs Zhu.2. This is the house_ _ LuXun once lived. The reason _ _ I came here is that I want to get your help.4. The fellow _ _ I spoke made no answer.5. The West Lake, _ _ Hangzhou is famous ,is a beautiful place.from whom in whichfor which to whomfor which现在学习的是第24页，共46页Practice现在学习的是第25页，共46页1.Do you know who lives in the building _ there is a well? A.in front of it B. in front of whose C.in front of which D.in front which2.Ill never forget the day_I joined the League. A.on which B.in which C.which D.at which3.The woman_my brother spoke just now is my teacher. A. who B.to whom C.to who D whomCAB现在学习的是第26页，共46页4.Jeanne was her old friend,_she borrowed a necklace. A.from who B.from whom C.to that D.to whom5.His glasses,_he was like a blind man,fell to the ground and broke its leg. A.which B.with which C.without which D.that6.she is a teacher of much knowledge,_much can be learned. A.who B.that C. from which D.from whomBCD现在学习的是第27页，共46页7.He built a telescope_he could study the skies. A.in which B.with that C.through which D.by it8.Do you know the reason_he was late? A.that B.which C.for what D.for which9.I have bought two ballpens,_writes well. A.none of which B.neither of which C.none of them D.neither of themCDB现在学习的是第28页，共46页10.The Second World War_millions of people were killed in 1945. A.during which B.in that C.where D.on which11.China has many rivers,_the Changjiang River is the longest. A.which B. in which C.among which D. one of which12.This is the very knife_I used to cut apples yesterday. A.that B.by which C.which D.with whichACD现在学习的是第29页，共46页13. The speed_which you drive your car mustnt too high.14. In the park there are many flowers,the colour _ which is bright and nice.15. The little girl is reading a book,_which there are many pictures.16. What were the things_which he was not too sure?17.They held a meeting,_which the hospital director made a speech.18.The book,_which he paid 6 yuan,is worth reading.atofinaboutatfor现在学习的是第30页，共46页19.Is this the man_whose house the police found the lost coloured TV?20.The villagers dug along tunnel_which they could go to the fields without being found by the Japanese soldiers.21.Wu Dong,_whom I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.22.The stories about Long March,_which this is one example,are well written.inthroughwithof现在学习的是第31页，共46页 I will never forget the day _ I first went to school. 状语状语 I will never forget the day _ we spent in Beijing. 宾语宾语 The house _ we visited is being repaired now. 宾语宾语 The house _ Luxun once lived is being repaired now. 状语状语when(which/that)(which/that)whereThe reason _ he didnt come to school yesterday is that he was ill.The reason_he gave isnt believable. 宾语宾语whythat whichx现在学习的是第32页，共46页1. This is all _ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether2. Is there anything else _ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what that 与与which 的区别的区别现在学习的是第33页，共46页4. He talked happily about the men and books _ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom 先行词为人和物的组合，关系代词用先行词为人和物的组合，关系代词用that。 若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词 who 或或 which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复, 关系关系代词用代词用 that。7. Which was the hotel _ was recommended to you? A. that B. which C. where D. it现在学习的是第34页，共46页6. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级形容词最高级(the best), the last, the very, the only 等时，关系代词用等时，关系代词用that。5. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it 现在学习的是第35页，共46页 1. 先行词为先行词为all, little, much, everything, nothing, something, anything等等不定代词不定代词.2.先行词被先行词被all, little, much, every, no, 等修饰时。等修饰时。3.先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词先行词被序数词或最高级修饰，先行词前有序数词(the first),形容词最高级形容词最高级(the best), the last, the very, the only 等时。等时。4. 先行词为人和物的组合。先行词为人和物的组合。5.若主句中有疑问代词若主句中有疑问代词 who 或者或者 which，为了避免重复，为了避免重复, 关系关系代词用代词用 that。 只用只用that的情况的情况: that 与与which 的区别的区别现在学习的是第36页，共46页 1. Jim passed the driving test 1. Jim passed the driving test, , _ surprised everybody in _ surprised everybody in the office. the office. A.which B that C this D.it A.which B that C this D.it 只用只用which的情况的情况:1.逗号后面逗号后面 2.介词后面介词后面2. The day _ he was born was Aug .20 ,1952. A on which B that C which D.this 一个句子一个句子,两个定语从句两个定语从句,为避免重复为避免重复,一个用一个用that,另一个用另一个用which.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library _ was newly open to us. A that B which C where D as现在学习的是第37页，共46页Anyone _breaks the law is punished.Those _ break the law are punished.He _ breaks the law is punished.在在one, anyone, those 指人时一般用指人时一般用“who”。he/she/I / they作先行词时作先行词时, 用用“who” 代替代替 “that”.考点二考点二: that 与与who的区别的区别whowhowho现在学习的是第38页，共46页考点三考点三:介词介词+关系代词关系代词 提醒提醒: 介词关系代词引导的定语从句介词关系代词引导的定语从句, 关键是判断介词的关键是判断介词的选择选择.方法一方法一:根据从句中根据从句中动词动词与与先行词先行词习惯搭配习惯搭配；方法二方法二:根据从句中动词与先行词的根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。逻辑关系。 注意：注意：关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由由“介词介词+关系代词关系代词”引出。此时关系代词只能用引出。此时关系代词只能用which 或或 whom; 不可用不可用that 或或who 代替。代替。1. The man with whom you shook hands just now is our headmaster.2. The room in which my family live used to be a garage.现在学习的是第39页，共46页The man is from Beijing University .I talked about him at the meeting.The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University. 关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用关系代词紧跟在介词后面时，不能用that，也不能省略，也不能省略，常用常用which或或whom。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可。该介词通常可以放在关系代词之前，也可放在从句之尾。放在从句之尾。 但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。但遇固定词组时，介词一般紧跟词组主体，不作前置。 Is this the book (which/that) you are looking for ? 现在学习的是第40页，共46页考点四：考点四：asas与与whichwhich引导的定语从句引导的定语从句 两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换两者均可引导非限制性定语从句，有时可以互换, ,但下列但下列情况多用情况多用asas。 1. 1.当与当与suchsuch或或the samethe same、soso、asas连用时，一般用连用时，一般用asas。 Such Such books books as as you tell me are interestingyou tell me are interesting I have I have the same the same plan plan asas you.you. 2. 2.as as 引导的从句可以放在句首引导的从句可以放在句首,as,as本身有本身有“正如正如,正象正象”之意，与之连用的词有之意，与之连用的词有 knowknow、seesee、expectexpect、AnnounceAnnounce、point out point out 等。等。 AsAs we all know, the earth is round. we all know, the earth is round.现在学习的是第41页，共46页1. _ Engels pointed out , labour created man himself. A. Which B. That C. This D. As 2. They said they were French. _wasnt true. A. Which B. That C. This D. As 3. The clock struck thirteen, _ made everyone laugh. A. Which B. What C. That D. As 4. We do the same work _ they do. A. which B. as C. than D. like现在学习的是第42页，共46页 考点五考点五:定语从句中主谓一致问题定语从句中主谓一致问题 定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词先行词保保持一致。持一致。1.I am not one who is afraid of difficulty2.Don t choose me, who am not fit for this job 3. This is one of the best books _. A. that have ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written D. that have written 4. She is the only one of the girls _ well in class. ! A. which sings B. who sing C. who sings D. who to sing 现在学习的是第43页，共46页1. Is this factory _ we visited last week? ! Is this the factory _ we visited last week? A.where B.that C.to which D.the one 解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。解题关键：如果是疑问句式，将其转化为陈述句式。Exercises2. Let me think of a proper situation _ this sentence can be used. ! A.where B.that C.of whom D.which 先行词是先行词是situation, case, scenesituation, case, scene时，且在定语从句中作状时，且在定语从句中作状语时，一般用语时，一般用where,where,最佳选择则是最佳选择则是in whichin which. .DBA现在学习的是第44页，共46页15.Here are players from Japan, some of _ are our old friends. Here are some players from Japan and some of _ are our old friends. ! A. which B. that C. whom D. them非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句并列句并列句CD现在学习的是第45页，共46页2022-9-2感谢大家观看感谢大家观看现在学习的是第46页，共46页