主谓一致 (2)ppt讲稿.ppt

关于主谓一致 (2)PPT第一页，讲稿共八十七页哦Useful structures语法详解：语法详解： 所谓主谓一致是指所谓主谓一致是指主语主语和和谓语动词谓语动词之间之间, ,即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词即主语的人称和单复数形式决定着谓语动词对应的形式。对应的形式。第二页，讲稿共八十七页哦The boy _ diving.They _ diving.Both Jack and Tim _ diving.All of them _ diving.Neither Jack nor Tim _ walking.isareareisareFinish the following exercises:第三页，讲稿共八十七页哦Bob Bob _ a worker.isMike Mike and Bob _ workers.areBoth Mike and Bob _workers.areNeither Mike nor Bob _a teacher.isBill Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English. knows/knowAll of them _ workers.None of them _ (know) how to teach English.are knows/know第四页，讲稿共八十七页哦主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：主谓一致主要有以下几种情况：1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候主语的时候,谓语动词有以下谓语动词有以下两种两种情况：情况：(1) He and she _both students of this school. 他和她都是这个学校的学生。他和她都是这个学校的学生。如果指两个或两个以上如果指两个或两个以上不同的不同的人或事物的时候人或事物的时候,谓谓语动词用复数。语动词用复数。一、语法一致原则一、语法一致原则are第五页，讲稿共八十七页哦(2) 但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个同一个人或物人或物, 或者指或者指同一概念同一概念的时候的时候, 谓语要用谓语要用单数单数。 第六页，讲稿共八十七页哦 The singer and dancer_ going to give us a performance. 那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。 The knife and fork _on the table. 刀叉在桌子上。刀叉在桌子上。 isis第七页，讲稿共八十七页哦2. 如果主语是不定式如果主语是不定式, 动词动词ing形式或主语从句形式或主语从句的时候的时候,谓语动词一般用单数。谓语动词一般用单数。When he is coming _ very important. 他什么时候要来看起来很重要。他什么时候要来看起来很重要。 Collecting stamps _ his hobby. 收集邮票是他的爱好。收集邮票是他的爱好。 To love her _ not to break her wings. 爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。爱她就不该折断她自由飞翔的翅膀。seemsisis第八页，讲稿共八十七页哦3. 定语从句的关系代词定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在在从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数从句中作主语时，要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。保持一致。 Those who_ singing may join us. Tom, who _ your friend, should help you. enjoyis第九页，讲稿共八十七页哦4. with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动谓语动词的数词的数随主语的变化而变化随主语的变化而变化。例如：。例如：The teacher, together with his students, _ planting trees in the street. 老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。is第十页，讲稿共八十七页哦Mr. Black , as well as two women, _ at the office.isMr. Black with, together with, along with第十一页，讲稿共八十七页哦either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中连接主语的时在句子中连接主语的时候或者在候或者在there be句型中句型中,谓语动词要和谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。就近的主语保持一致。二、就近原则二、就近原则Neither you nor I _ wrong. There _ a cup of tea and some apples on the table.amis第十二页，讲稿共八十七页哦Not only the students but also the teacher _ for a holiday. wishes第十三页，讲稿共八十七页哦三、概念一致原则三、概念一致原则 所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主所谓概念一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而是而是其其实际意义实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数但在意义上却是单数。第十四页，讲稿共八十七页哦1. 不定代词不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。谓语动词视情况而定。All of the apples _rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。所有的苹果都烂了。All of the apple _rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。整个苹果都烂了。 are is第十五页，讲稿共八十七页哦None of the money_ left. 没有剩下一点钱。没有剩下一点钱。None of the students _ there. 没有学生在那里。没有学生在那里。 is is第十六页，讲稿共八十七页哦None None 和和 neither neither 有时当作单数看待，有时当作有时当作单数看待，有时当作复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。做主语复数看待，主要根据说话人的意思决定。做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在代表不可时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。但在代表不可数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。数名词时常看作单数，因而谓动须用单数。Neither of them _ (know) how to teach English.None of them _ (know) how to teach English. knows/know knows/know第十七页，讲稿共八十七页哦第十八页，讲稿共八十七页哦2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名在句子中加名词作主语的时候词作主语的时候,谓语动词与谓语动词与of后面的后面的名词名词保持一致。保持一致。第十九页，讲稿共八十七页哦Half of the students _finished theircomposition. 一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。Half of the apple _bad. 一半的苹果坏了。一半的苹果坏了。About 60 percent of the students in ourschool _boys. 我们学校我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生大约百分之六十的学生是男生.haveisare第二十页，讲稿共八十七页哦3. 集合名词作主语集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数动词可用单数, 也可以用也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体整体谓语动词用单数；指谓语动词用单数；指全体人员全体人员时时, 动词则动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。第二十一页，讲稿共八十七页哦His family _going out. 他们全家要外出。他们全家要外出。His family _all music lovers. 他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。is are 第二十二页，讲稿共八十七页哦4. 某些名词如某些名词如people, police, cattle等等,形式上形式上是单数是单数, 但意义上是复数但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复谓语动词应用复数数。people指指“民族民族”时是例外。时是例外。 The police _ searching for a thief. The cattle _ eating grass on the hill.areare第二十三页，讲稿共八十七页哦5. 复合不定代词作主语复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用谓语动词要用单数单数，如，如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。Someone_ asking for you. 有人找你。有人找你。Nothing _ found in the room. 在屋子里什么也没找到。在屋子里什么也没找到。isis第二十四页，讲稿共八十七页哦6. 某些名词如某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses等等, 通常只用其复数形式通常只用其复数形式, 但当但当它们被它们被a pair of 修饰时修饰时, 谓语动词用单谓语动词用单数。如数。如: The shoes _ worn out. 鞋子破了。鞋子破了。 The pair of shoes _ worn out. 这双鞋破了。这双鞋破了。 areis第二十五页，讲稿共八十七页哦名词如名词如trousers, pants, shorts, glasses, trousers, pants, shorts, glasses, scissorsscissors以及以及clothes, goodsclothes, goods等做主语，谓动等做主语，谓动要用复数；但当这类词前有要用复数；但当这类词前有a/the pair ofa/the pair of修饰修饰时，谓动用单数时，谓动用单数。第二十六页，讲稿共八十七页哦 某些名词以某些名词以s结尾如结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等，谓语动词等，谓语动词应用单数。应用单数。 物理是一门很有趣的学科。物理是一门很有趣的学科。 Physics is a very interesting subject.第二十七页，讲稿共八十七页哦8. every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短语中在以上短语中and连连接的单数名词接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。谓语动词常使用单数。 Each man and each woman_ asked to attend. is第二十八页，讲稿共八十七页哦班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。听不到任何声音。听不到任何声音。Every boy and every girl in the class is diligent.No sound and no voice is heard.第二十九页，讲稿共八十七页哦9. 以以a number of 作主语时作主语时, 谓语动词用复谓语动词用复数数; 以以the number of 作主语时作主语时, 谓语动谓语动词用单数。词用单数。 A number of new books_ on the desk. The number of students in you class _ 50. areis第三十页，讲稿共八十七页哦10. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样有些名词的单数和复数形式一样, 作主语作主语的时候的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类这一类名词有名词有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。等。 Not every means _ useful. 不是每种方法都好使。不是每种方法都好使。 Not all means _ useful. 不是所有的方法都好使。不是所有的方法都好使。isare第三十一页，讲稿共八十七页哦11. many a, more than one, one and a half与单与单数名词组成的短语数名词组成的短语, 谓语用单数。谓语用单数。 Many a boy _ seen it. 许多孩子都看到了。许多孩子都看到了。12. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。谓语动词常用单数。 Thirty years _ not a long time. Roots is a famous American novel.hasis第三十二页，讲稿共八十七页哦1. this kind of book = a book of this kind (这种书这种书) , 其谓语用单数其谓语用单数; 短语短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口语口语) (这一类人这一类人), 但但this kind of men 的的谓语用单数谓语用单数, men of this kind 和和these kind of men 的谓语用复数的谓语用复数, all kinds of 后后跟复数名词跟复数名词, 谓语用复数形式。例如：谓语用复数形式。例如：应该注意的几个问题应该注意的几个问题:第三十三页，讲稿共八十七页哦 This kind of men _ dangerous. Men of this kind _dangerous.2. 在主谓倒装的句子中在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如其后的主语一致。例如: Between the two windows _ a picture.isarehangs第三十四页，讲稿共八十七页哦3. “分数或百分数分数或百分数+名词名词”构成的短语以及构成的短语以及由由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词名词”构成的短语作主语时构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词其谓语动词要与短语中要与短语中of 后面的名词的数保持一致后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如:第三十五页，讲稿共八十七页哦Lots of damage_ caused by fire.About three-fourths of the earths surface _ covered with water.Three-fifths of the workers here _women.和这种情况类似的还有和这种情况类似的还有“a number of + 名词复数名词复数”。但。但是是,“the number of + 名词名词”的中心词却是的中心词却是number。试比较：。试比较： wasisare第三十六页，讲稿共八十七页哦A number of students _ gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.The number of pages in this book _ two hundred.haveis第三十七页，讲稿共八十七页哦注意注意:a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数修饰可数或不可数名词名词, 其短语作主语时其短语作主语时,谓语动词用谓语动词用单数。单数。A large quantity of people _ needed here.is第三十八页，讲稿共八十七页哦quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语其短语作主语时作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如谓语动词一般用复数。例如:Quantities of food (nuts) _ on the table.短语短语in quantity, in large quantities 意为意为 “大量大量”; in small quantities 意为意为“少量少量”。 were第三十九页，讲稿共八十七页哦4. a great deal of, a large amount of, 修饰不可修饰不可数名词数名词, 其短语作主语时其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用谓语动词通常用单数单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词修饰不可数名词, 其其短语作主语时短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用谓语动词通常用复数复数。例。例如如:第四十页，讲稿共八十七页哦A large amount of (A great deal of) damage _ done in a very short time.Large amounts of money _ spent on the bridge.waswere第四十一页，讲稿共八十七页哦5. 表示数量的表示数量的one and a half 后后, 名词要用名词要用复数形式复数形式, 但是其短语作主语时但是其短语作主语时,谓语动谓语动词用单数形式。例如：词用单数形式。例如： One and a half bananas _ left on the table.is第四十二页，讲稿共八十七页哦6. 如果主语由如果主语由“the + 形容词形容词(或过去分词或过去分词)”结结构担任时构担任时,谓语通常用复数谓语通常用复数;这类词有这类词有: the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dub, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等等; 但也有少数的过去分词与定但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。例如：则用单数。例如：第四十三页，讲稿共八十七页哦The blind _ in special school.The departed(死者死者)_ a well-known engineer.这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与就要与名词名词man, person 或表示人的单数连用。例或表示人的单数连用。例如如: an old man, a rich person, the (a) wounded soldier.studywas第四十四页，讲稿共八十七页哦主谓一致练习第四十五页，讲稿共八十七页哦1. Now Tom with his classmates _ football on the playground.A. play B. are playingC. plays D. is playing2. Thirty dollars _ too expensive.A. are B. is C. were D. be第四十六页，讲稿共八十七页哦3. If anybody _, please put down _ name, said the teacher to the monitor.A. wants to buy the book/his B. want to buy the book/theirC. will buy the book/ones D. wants to have the book bought/her4. Nothing but one desk and six chairs _ in the room.A. are B. is stayed C. is D. are left第四十七页，讲稿共八十七页哦5. Between the two roads _ a TV tower called Skyscraper Tower.A. stands B. standing C. which stands D. stand6. - Shall I wait here for three hours? -Yes. Three hours _ to wait for such a doctor.A. are not very long for you B. is not long enough for youC. was not long enough for you D. will be too long for you第四十八页，讲稿共八十七页哦7. Every student and every teacher _.A. are going to attend the meeting B. have attended the meetingC. has attended the meeting D. is attended the meeting8. This pair of shoes _.A. is her B. is hersC. are hers D. are her第四十九页，讲稿共八十七页哦9.What we need _good textbooks. A. is B. are C. have D. has第五十页，讲稿共八十七页哦10._ has been done. A. ninetynine percents of the work B. Half of what he promised C. Two-fifths of the articles D. Three quarter of the business 第五十一页，讲稿共八十七页哦Supplementary Exercises第五十二页，讲稿共八十七页哦 Multiple choice:1. On the wall_ two large portraits. A. hangs B. hang C. hanged D. hanging2. “News of victories _ pouring in as our army advances,” the company commander said. A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. have kept3. There _ a lot of milk in the bottle. A. are B. is C. were D. has4. Zhangs family _ rather big, with twelve people in all. A. is B. are C. being D. was5. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known第五十三页，讲稿共八十七页哦6. All but one _ here just now. A. is B. was C. has been D. were7. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offered 8. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one exam after another. A. is B. are C. am D. be 9. The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; were 10. When and where to build the new factory _ yet. A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decided 第五十四页，讲稿共八十七页哦高考链接高考链接1. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _ of desert _ covered the land.(上海上海2001） A. number; has B. quantity; has C. number; have D. quantity; haveB第五十五页，讲稿共八十七页哦精析精析：a large number of 后面要接复数名后面要接复数名词，所以词，所以A不能作为答案。因为不能作为答案。因为desert是单数，所以要填是单数，所以要填 has。这。这句话的意思是句话的意思是“毁坏森林的结果是毁坏森林的结果是，大片沙漠覆盖了陆地，大片沙漠覆盖了陆地”答案答案 B第五十六页，讲稿共八十七页哦2. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.(上海上海2000) A. Two fifth, is B. Two fifth, are C. Two fifths, is D. Two fifths, areC第五十七页，讲稿共八十七页哦精析精析: 分数的分子用基数词分数的分子用基数词,分母用序数词表分母用序数词表示示.如果分子大于如果分子大于1, 分母序数词后加分母序数词后加-s. 分数和百分比作主语时分数和百分比作主语时,谓语动词的谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分数后面的名词形式取决于分数和百分数后面的名词.句句子中的主语子中的主语 land是单数是单数,所以谓语动所以谓语动词要用词要用is covered. 答案答案C.第五十八页，讲稿共八十七页哦3 - Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, _ to go to university. - So do I.（全国（全国1998） A. hopes B. hope C. hoping D. do hopeA第五十九页，讲稿共八十七页哦精析：精析：这句话的主语是这句话的主语是 Each of the students，是单数，所以要，是单数，所以要 hopes 选作谓语。选作谓语。现在分词短语现在分词短语working hard at his or her lessons 作状语，表示伴随的情作状语，表示伴随的情况。有的考生盲目地把况。有的考生盲目地把 lessons 当成当成了主语，填写了了主语，填写了hope，发生了错误。，发生了错误。本题的译文：每一个努力学习的学生本题的译文：每一个努力学习的学生都想上大学。我也是。答案都想上大学。我也是。答案 A。第六十页，讲稿共八十七页哦4. _ people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.（上海（上海2001） A. Several million B. Many millions C. Several millions D. Many millionA第六十一页，讲稿共八十七页哦精析精析: 在在million前如果有具体的数字或前如果有具体的数字或 several等词时，要用单数形式。等词时，要用单数形式。 many一般不与一般不与 million等词连用等词连用. 表示表示“数百万数百万”，英语为，英语为 millions of。这句话的意思是。这句话的意思是“每天，世界上每天，世界上有几十万人通过有几十万人通过 e-mail传递信息。传递信息。”答案答案 A。第六十二页，讲稿共八十七页哦5.The number of people invited _ fifty, but a number of them _ absent for different reasons. (NMET96) A. were; was B. was; was C. was; were D. were; wereC第六十三页，讲稿共八十七页哦6. The number of students in this school _ by 5% every year.(MET92) A. rise B. raise C. rises D. raises the number of+复数可数名词复数可数名词作主语，表作主语，表示示的数目的数目(数量数量)，谓语动词用单数；，谓语动词用单数；a number of+复数可数名词复数可数名词作主语，表示作主语，表示许多许多，谓语动词用复数。，谓语动词用复数。C第六十四页，讲稿共八十七页哦7. A good deal of money _ spent on books.(MET84) A. have B. has C. have been D. has beenD第六十五页，讲稿共八十七页哦9. A library with five thousand books _ to the nation as a gift. (MET90)A. is offered B. has offered C. are offered D. have offeredA第六十六页，讲稿共八十七页哦10. E-mail, as well as telephone, _ an important part in daily communication. (上海上海99) A. is playing B. have played C. are playing D. playA第六十七页，讲稿共八十七页哦11. Nobody but Jane _ the secret. (MET86)A. know B. knows C. have known D. is known12. All but one _ here just now. (MET87)A. is B. was C. has been D. wereDB第六十八页，讲稿共八十七页哦13. Either you or the headmaster _ the prize to these gifted students at the meeting.(上海上海94) A. is handing out B. are to hand out C. are handing out D. is to hand outD第六十九页，讲稿共八十七页哦14. Not only I but also Jane and Mary _ tired of having one examination after another.(MET87) A. is B. are C. am D. beB第七十页，讲稿共八十七页哦15. She is one of the few girls who _ in the kindergarten.(上海上海94) A. is well paid B. are well paid C. is paying well D. are paying wellB第七十一页，讲稿共八十七页哦16. He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.(上海上海2002春春) A. is B. are C. have been D. has beenD第七十二页，讲稿共八十七页哦17. _ of the land in that district _ covered with trees and grass.(上海上海2000) A. Two fifth; is B. Two fifth; are C. Two fifths; is D. Two fifths; areC分数或百分数分数或百分数+of+名词名词作主语时作主语时,谓谓语动词的数与名词的数一致。语动词的数与名词的数一致。第七十三页，讲稿共八十七页哦18.When and where to build the new factory _ yet.(MET91) A. is not decided B. are not decided C. has not decided D. have not decidedA动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，动名词、不定式或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。谓语动词用单数形式。第七十四页，讲稿共八十七页哦倒装句及倒装句及there be句型中，谓语动词往往句型中，谓语动词往往与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。与最邻近的一个主语保持一致。19.There _ no life on the moon. (MET92) A. is said to have B. are said to have C. is said to be D. are said to beC第七十五页，讲稿共八十七页哦20. Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons，_ to go to university.(上海上海98) A. hope B. hopes C. hoping D. hopedBeither/neither/each+of+复数名词复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。作主语，谓语动词用单数。第七十六页，讲稿共八十七页哦21. A group of _ are eating _ and _ at the foot of the hill. (NMET95) A. sheep; grass; leaves B. sheeps; grasses; leaves C. sheep; grass; leaf D. sheeps; grass; leafsA第七十七页，讲稿共八十七页哦22.Every possible means _ to prevent air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. (上海上海2000春春) A. is used B. are used C. has been us