过去式变化规则(8页).doc
-过去式变化规则-第 8 页1.regret (regretted, regretting) 后悔 2. control (controlled, controlling) 控制 3. admit (admitted, admitting) 承认 4. occur (occurred, occurring) 出现 5. prefer (preferred, preferring) 宁愿 6. refer (referred, referring) 提到 7. forget (forgetting ) 忘记 8. permit (permitted, permitting)允许 9. equip (equipped, equipping)原型 过去式A arisearose awakeawoke/awakened B bearborebeatbeat becomebecame beginbegan bendbent bitebit blowblew breakbroke breedbred bringbroughtbuildbuilt burnburnt/ burnedburstburstbuyboughtC castcastcatchcaughtchoosechose comecame costcost creepcrept cutcut D dealdealt digdug dodid drawdrew dreamdreamt/ dreameddrinkdrank drivedrove E eatateF fallfell feedfed feelfelt fightfought findfound flyflew forbidforbadeforgetforgot G getgot givegave gowent growgrew H havehad hearheard hidehid hithit holdheld hurthurt I Inputinput Insetinset K keepkept knowknew L laylaid leadled learnlearned/ learnt leaveleft lendlent let let lielay loselost M makemade meanmeant meetmet mistakemistook misunderstandmisunderstood O overseeoversaw oversleepoverslept P paypaid proveproved putput Q quitquit / quitted R readread ridrid riderode ringrang riserose runran S saysaid seesaw seeksought sellsold sendsent setset shootshot showshowed singsang sitsat sleepslept smellsmelled/ smeltspeakspoke spellspelled/ spelt spendspent spreadspread standstood stealstole swimswam swingswung T taketook teachtaught teartore telltold thinkthought throwthrew U understandunderstood undertakeundertook W wakewoke / wakedwearwore weepweptwinwon windwound withdrawwithdrew writewrote规则动词的过去式由“动词原形+-ed”构成，具体变化有： 1. 直接在词尾加-ed。如: wantwanted, workworked, needneeded, cleancleaned 2. 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如：likeliked, livelived, useused, movemoved 3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stopstopped, triptripped 4. 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，先把y变成i，再加-ed。如：studystudied, carrycarried, hurryhurried, marrymarried 大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法： 1. 以t结尾的词，过去式与原形相同。如：putput, letlet, cutcut, beatbeat 2. 以d结尾的词，把d变成t。如:buildbuilt, lendlent, sendsent, spendspent 3. 以n结尾的词，在词后加t。如：meanmeant, burnburnt, learnlearnt 4. 以ow / aw结尾的词，把ow / aw变成ew。如：blowblew, drawdrew, knowknew, growgrew 5. 含有双写字母的词，将双写改为单写，在词尾加t。如：keepkept, sleepslept, feelfelt, smellsmelt 6. 含有元音字母o / i的词，将o / i变成a。如：singsang, givegave, sitsat, drinkdrank 常见的不规则动词过去式、过去分词 （一）（1）AAA型（动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形） cost（花费）- cost - cost shut （关上） - shut - shut cut（割）- cut - cut read （读） - read - read e hit（打）- hit - hit hurt 伤害） - hurt - hurt let（让） - let - let put（放） - put - put(2) AAB型（动词原形与过去式同形） beat（跳动）- beat - beaten(3) ABA型（动词原形与过去分词同形） become（变成）- became -become come（来）- came -come run（跑） - ran- run(4) ABB型（过去式与过去分词同形）dig（挖） - dug -dug build（修建） - built - builtget（得到） - got -got/gotten catch （抓住）- caught- caughthang（吊死）- hanged - hanged deal （处理）- dealt - dealthang（悬挂） - hung - hung feed（喂养） - fed - fedhold（抓住） - held - held find （找到） - found - foundshine（照耀） -shone -shone sit（坐） - sat - sat Pay（付款） - paid - paid win （赢） -won- won send（发送） - sent - sent meet（遇见） -met -met shoot（射击） - shot - shot keep （保持） -kept - kept tell （告诉） - told - told sleep（睡） - slept - slept win（获胜） - won - won sweep（扫） - swept - swept feel（感觉）- felt - felt leave（离开）- left - left build（建设） -built- built stand（站）- stood- stoodlend（借出）- lent - lent send （传送）- sent - sentspend（花费）-spent -spent lose （丢失）- lost - lostburn （燃烧）- burnt - burnt learn（学习）- learnt - learntmean（意思是）-meant - meant catch（抓住） -caught -caughtteach（教） - taught- taught bring（带来）- brought - broughtfight （战斗）- fought - fought buy（买）- bought - boughtthink（想）- thought -thought hear （听见）-heard -heardsell（卖）- sold- sold tell（告诉） - told -toldsay（说） - said - said find（找到） - found - found have/has（有）- had - had make（制造） -made -madesmell（闻）-smelt/smelled - smelt/ smelled understand明白 - understood - understood dream（梦想dreamt/ dreameddreamt/ dreamed（5） ABC型（动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形）begin（开始） -began -begun drink（喝） - drank - drunk ring（铃响） - rang - rung sing （唱） - sang - sung do（做） - did - done swim（游泳）-swam - swum go（去） - went - gone eat（吃） ate eaten lie（平躺） lay lain fly（飞） - flew - flown lay (放置） - laid - laid lie（撒谎） - lied - lied lie （躺） - lay - lain blow（吹） blew blown draw（画） drew drawn grow（生长）grew grown know（知道）knewknown throw（投掷）threw thrown show（出示）showedshown break（打破）broke broken choose（选择）chosechosen forget（忘记）forgot forgotten speak（说讲）spoke spoken wake（醒）woke woke drive（驾驶）drove driven fall（落下）fell fallen give（给）gave given rise（升高）rose risen take（带走）took taken mistake（误解）mistook mistaken ride（骑）rode ridden(双写d) hide（隐藏）- hid-hidden （双写d ） write（写）wrotewritten(双写t) go（去）went gonedo（做）did done beat（打败）- beat - beatenlie（平躺）lay lain see（看见）saw seen wear（穿）wore worn be ( am, is, are ) was, were been（6）ABAn型（动词过去分词在原形后加n/en)blow（吹）-blew-blown grow（生长）-grew-grown throw（扔；掷）- threw -thrown ride（骑）-rode-ridden (双写d )drive（驾驶）-drove-driven rise（升起）-rose-risen write（写）-wrote-written (双写t ) know（知道）-knew-knowngive-（给）-gave-given See（看见）-saw-seen take（带走）-took-taken shake（摇动）- shook - shaken eat(吃）-ate-eaten fall（落下）-fell-fallen mistake（误解）-mistook-mistaken (6) ABBn型（动词过去分词在过去式后加n/en )speak（讲）-spoke-spoken steal（偷）-stole-stolen break（打破）-broke-broken wake（醒来）-woke-woken freeze-（结冰）-froze-frozen wear （穿） -wore - wornchoose（选择）-chose-chosen forget（忘记）-forgot-forgotten (双写t) (7)只有过去式的动词 can-could may-might will-would shall-should must-must（二）A. 原形与过去式和过去分词完全相同. cost-cost-cost cut-cut-cut put-put-put let-let-let set-set-set hit-hit-hit shut-shut-shut hurt-hurt-hurt read-read-read 读音/e/B. 过去式与过去分词完全相同1. 过去式和过去分词中含有ought, aught, 读音是:tbright-brought-brought think-thought-thought buy-bought-boughtcatch-caught-caught teach - taught -taught 2. 动词原形中的e为o，变成过去式和过去分词。如：get-got-got sell-sold-sold tell-told-told 3. 动词原形中i为a, sit-sat-sat spit-spat-spat4. 动词原形中i为o, win-won-won shine-shone/ shined-shone / shined5. 动词原形中an为oo, stand-stood-stood understand-understood-understood 6. 动词原形中的ay为ai, say-said-said pay-paid-paid 7. a）动词原形中的d为t,send-sent-sent lend-lent-lent spend-spent-spent build-built-built b ) 动词原形最后一个字母改为t , smell-smelt-smelt lose-lost-lost c ) 动词原形后加t, learn-learnt-learnt mean-meant-meant /e/ d ) 动词原形中的ee去掉一个字母e, 然后在词尾加t. 字母e发音/e/ feel-felt-felt sleep-slept-slept sweep-swept-swept keep- kept- kept其它meet-met-met have-had-had hold-held-held make-made-made dig-dug-dug hear-heard-heard find-found-found hang-hung-hung lay- lain 躺下，位于 lie-lied-lied 说谎 lay-laid-laid 放置，下蛋C. 原型与过去分词相同 come-came-come run-ran-run become-became-becomeD. 原形、过去式和过去分词完全不同 1. 把动词原形中i改为a变成过去式，改成u变成过去分词 begin - began -begun drink-drank-drunk ring-rang-rung swim-swam-swum sing-sang-sung 2. 把动词原形中o改为e变成过去式，在原形词尾加n变成过去分词 blow-blew-blown grow-grew-grown know-knew-known throw - threw - thrown fly -flew /flu:/ -flown ( 和以上相似) 3. 以下动词的过去分词都以en结尾，故把它们分为一类 a ) 把动词原形中i改为o变成过去式，在词尾加n变成过去分词 drive-drove-driven rise-rose-risen write-wrote-written (双写t ) ride-rode-ridden (双写d ) b ) 把动词原形中ea改为o, 在词尾加e变成过去式，在过去式后加n变成过去分词 speak-spoke-spoken steal-stole-stolen break-broke-broken c) 把动词原形中的个别字母或字母组合改为o变成过去式, 在过去式后加n变成过去分词wake-woke-woken freeze-froze-frozen choose-chose-chosen forget-forgot-forgotten （双写t，加en ） d) 其它过去分词以en结尾的动词 eat-ate-eaten beat- beat - beaten fall-fell-fallen give-gave-given see-saw-seen take-took-taken mistake- mistook- mistaken hide-hid-hidden （双写d ） 其它 am, is - was- been are-were- been do-did- done draw-drew- drawn: go-went- gone show-showed-shown wear- wore - worn
