高中冠词专项讲解与练习(含答案解析)(14页).doc
-高中冠词专项讲解与练习(含答案解析)-第 14 页专题一 冠词用法【知识清单】 一. 冠词的基本用法 不定冠词（a/an）的基本用法 1.与可数名词单数连用, 表示类别。 - I knocked over my coffee cup. It went right over the keyboard. - You shouldnt put drinks near a computer. 2.泛指某人或某物, 表示某一个, 相当于 a certain。 - Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? - Sorry, wrong number. There isnt a Mr. Smith here. 3.用于数量、时间等名词前, 表示每一（单位）的。 I earn 10 dollars an hour as a supermarket cashier on Saturdays. 4.在抽象名词、物质名词前(特别是这两种名词有定语修饰时)用不定冠词, 使之意义具体化, 表示一种、一件、一份等。 It is an honor for me to be invited to the party.我被邀请参加聚会是一种荣誉。(honor是抽象名词,an honor指一件荣誉的事) 定冠词(the)的基本用法 1.用来特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。所特指的名词常被短语或定语从句所修饰。 Of all the reasons for my decision to become a university professor, my fathers advice was the most important one. 2.指说话的双方都知道的人或事物。 Dont worry if you cant come to the party. Ill save some cake for you. 3.复述上文中提到的事物。 There is a shelf in my fathers room. The shelf is new. 4.用于单数可数名词之前, 表示该类事物, 相当于 a。 When you come here for your holiday next time, dont go to the hotel; I can find you a bed in my flat. 5.序数词和形容词最高级前。比较级前若表示特指时也要用定冠词 the。 The cakes are delicious. Hed like to have a third one because the second one is rather too small. 6.用于复数姓氏之前, 表示夫妇或全家。 The Smiths 7.表示世界上独一无二事物的名词前。 The sun, the moon, the earth, the world 8.用于由普通名词构成的专有名词、江河、山脉、湖泊、海洋、群岛、海峡、海湾运河及 些建筑物等名称前。 According to the World Health Organization, health care plans are needed in all big cities to prevent the spread of AIDS. 9.在某些形容词之前, 可表示某一类人。 the rich, the poor, the old, the wounded, the living, the dead 零冠词(无冠词)情况： 1.人名、地名（街名、广场名、公园名）、大学名、国名、病名前。 Wang Fu Jing Street, Pei Hai Park 北海公园 Beijing University 但也可说 the University of Beijing。 2.抽象名词表示一般概念时, 一般不用冠词。 When you finish reading the book, you will have a better understanding of life. 3.物质名词表示一般概念时, 一般不用冠词。 The warmth of the sweater will of course be determined by the sort of wool used. 4.表示职位或头衔的抽象名词前, 常不用冠词。但表示具体的人时, 加 the。 We will elect engineer Liu director of our factory. 类似的名词还有：president, monitor, headmaster, mayor等。 5.表示季节、月份、星期几、节、假日等表示时间的名称前, 不用冠词。但我国的阴历节前要用the。 Childrens Day, Womens Day, May Day the Spring Festival。 6.man 作人类讲时, 同 human, mankind 一样不用冠词。 While he was investigating ways to improve the telescope, Newton made a discovery, which completely changed mans understanding of color. 7.复数名词前不用冠词泛指类别。 It is often said that teachers have a very easy life. 二. 冠词的语义分析（根据语境判断特指与泛指） 泛指和特指是每年高考必考的一组概念, 在英语中广泛使用。泛指是指普遍、不确定的人或事物, 而特指则是指具体、特定的人或事物。泛指与特指可以说是精与细的区别,前者侧重于全面撒网, 而后者旨在重点培养。具体来讲, 其两者区别如下： 1.泛指是指首次提到的, 不限定的人或事物；特指是指在上文已提到的人或事物, 或是指被限制性修饰语在其后加以限定意义的人或事物，也可以是指说话者双方心目中所默认的特指的人或事物。 A boy is playing basketball.（泛指） Do you like the boy who are playing basketball?（特指） 2.泛指：一般的指, 是和特指相对的；特指：是专门的指, 和泛指相对。 I have a car. （泛指） The car is red.（特指） 3.泛指：无特别指定对象, 是和特指相对的；特指：有特别指定对象, 和泛指相对。 My mother works in a hospital.（泛指） The hospital where my mother works is in the center of the city.（特指） 三. 冠词的固定搭配 一固定词组中冠词的使用 1. 不定冠词固定词组 give sb. a ride 顺便带某人一程; a couple of 几个; have a good time 过得很愉快; keep a diary 写日记; in a hurry 急忙地; once in a while 偶尔地; tell a lie 说谎 do sb. a favor 帮某人的忙; give sb. a hand 帮忙; once upon a time 从前 all of a sudden 突然地 as a matter of fact 事实上 as a result (of) 作为()的结果; in a word 总而言之; have a word with 与说句话 have/take a look (at) 看一看; have/take a rest 休息一下; put an end to 结束 2. 定冠词固定词组 play the piano 弹钢琴; the whole整个; he same同样的; go to the cinema 去看电影 3. 零冠词固定词组 on foot 步行; by train/ boat / plane 乘火车/船/飞机; in fact 事实上; in class 在上课; in church 在教堂; in danger 在危险中; in hospital 在医院 in bed 在床上; at home 在家; at school 在学校; at night 在晚上; at noon 在中午 go to bed 去睡觉; go to college 上大学; play chess 下棋; have lunch 吃午餐 go to school 去上学; play basketball 打篮球 与不用冠词的对比差异 in hospital 生病住院 in the hospital 在医院里 go to sea 出海 go to the sea 去海边 on earth 究竟 on the earth 在地球上, 在世上 in front of 在(外部的)前面 in the front of 在(内部的)前面 take place 发生 take the place(of) 代替 at table 进餐 at the table 在桌子旁 by sea 乘船 by the sea 在海边 in future 从今以后 in the future 未来 out of question 毫无疑问 out of the question 不可能的, 办不到的 【例题精讲】 1. Take your timeits just_short distance from here to_restaurant. A.不填；the B. a; the C. the; a D.不填；a 【答案】B 【解析】句意为“别急从这儿到餐馆只不过短短的距离而已。”a short distance短距离，是固定搭配的短语；the restaurant指双方都知道的餐馆，故用the特指。选B。 2. Experts think that _recently discovered painting may be _ Picsso. A. the; 不填 B. a; the C. a; 不填 D. the; a 【答案】D 【解析】句意为“专家认为，最近发现的油画可能是毕加索的作品。”the painting特指最近发现的油画；a Picsso意为a Picssos painting，指毕加索的一件作品，有one的含义。选D。3. It is generally accepted that boy must learn to stand up and fight like man. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; the D. a; 不填 【答案】A 【解析】句意为“人们普遍认为,男孩子必须学会做一个男子汉，能挺身而出，勇于战斗。”a boy和 a man都是泛指，表示一类人。单数可数名词泛指应在名词前加不定冠词a。选A。 4. As he reached front door, Jack saw strange sight. A. the;不填 B. a; the C.不填;a D. the; a 【答案】D 【解析】句意为“当Jack走到前门时，看到了一个奇怪的景象。”the front door是特指Jack所走过去的门，a strange sight是泛指，相当于a certain sight,起初次介绍的作用。因此选D。 5.Dr.Peter Spence, headmaster of the school, told us, fifth of pupils here go on to study at Oxford and Cambridge. A. 不填；A B.不填；The C. the; The D. a; A 【答案】A 【解析】句意为“校长Peter Spence告诉我们说，我校的五分之一学生将到牛津大学和剑桥大学去学习。”headmaster校长，职务前面不加冠词；a fifth表示五分之一。选A。 6. In communication, a smile is usually _ strong sign of a friendly and _ open attitude. A. the, / B. a, an C. a, / D. the, an 【答案】C 【解析】句意为“在相互交流中，微笑时一种友好和开放的态度的明显特征。”a 用在可数名词sign前， 泛指一类事物； friendly and open 是并列，修饰attitude。选C。7. As is known to all, People s Republic of China is biggest development country in the world.A. the, / B. /, the C. the, the D. /, /【答案】C 【解析】句意“众所周知，中华人民共和国是世界上最大的发展中国家。”第一定冠词the用在表示国家的名词前； 第二个定冠词the 用在有相容次最高级修饰的名词前。8. its said john will be in a job paying over $60,000 year.- right, he will also get paid by week.A. the,the B. a, the C. the, a D. a, a【答案】B【解析】第一个空表时间单位每年，冠词用a。第二个空by 后面接具体的计量方式用定冠词the9. Its good feeling for people to admire the shanghai world expo that gives them peasure. A. /, a B. a, / C. the, a D. a, the【答案】B【解析】good feeling并非特指, 故用a；pleasure是抽象名词, 无需冠词。句意为 人们喜欢上海世博会给它们的快乐, 这是一种不错的感觉 a good feeling , 一种不错的感觉, give sb pleasure。 10. If we sit near _ front of the bus, well have _ better view.A. 不填； the B. 不填；a C. the; a D. the；the 【答案】C 【解析】句意应为 如果我们坐在公共汽车的前部, 就会有更好的视野, 表示某空间内部的前部时, front前要加定冠词the; have a good view是习惯搭配, 表示视野开阔, 视野良好之意.11.The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that_ people from all walks of life are working hard for_ new Jiangsu. A.不填； a B. 不填；the C. the； a D. the； the 【答案】A. 【解析】第一空,来自社会各阶层的人. 是不特指,不用冠词. 第二空, 在Jiangsu 前有形容词new 因此,应加冠词a.表示一个全新的江苏12.There are over 58, 000 rocky objects in _ space, about 900 of which could fall down onto _ earth. A. the; the B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the 【答案】B 【解析】第一空in space 是固定短语, 不用冠词, 第二空名词earth属于独一无二事物的名词, 其前必须用定冠词。句意：太空中有超过58,000的岩状物体, 其中大约900有可能掉到地球上。 13.First impressions are the most lasting. After all, you never get _ second chance to make _ first impression. A. a; the B. the; the C. a; a D. the; a 【答案】C 【解析】很多同学错在第二个空to make a first impression上了。在做题的时候不够细心, 因为此题的句意是：第一印象是最持久的。总之, 你永远不可能有第二个机会去再给别人留一次第一印象。本题强调的重点是第二个机会a second chance;第二次留一个第一印象, make a first impression. first为干扰因素。 若句意改变为：你没有机会去改变你的第一印象You never get a second chance to change the first impression。此处再填the就合情合理了。 14. Everything comes with price; there is no such thing as free lunch in the world. A. a, a B. the, / C. the, a D. a, / 【答案】D 【解析】price意思是 代价, 为可数名词, 第二空前边有no,后面的名词不用冠词, 选 D项。 15.Many lifestyle patterns do such great harm to health that they actually speed up weakening of the human body. A. a; / B. /; the C. a; the D. /; / 【答案】B 【解析】句意：许多生活方式对人类的健康有害, 他们加速了人类身体的衰退。本题考查冠词, 对有害用短语 do harm to表示, 中间无需冠词；之后的weakening是由动词的ing形式表示抽象的名词, 表达一种概念、状况时需要加上the。 16 In most countries, a university degree can give you flying start in life. A. the; a B. the; 不填 C.不填; 不填 D.不填; a 【答案】D 【解析】most countries此处表泛指, most前不加定冠词the.第二个空处应为 一个高起点的开始, 故用a ,正确【答案】为D。 17.We can never expect bluer sky unless we create less polluted world. A. a; a B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the 【答案】A 【解析】因为sky和world原本是独一无二的, 但这里前面都有了形容词修饰, 表示会出现一个什么样的sky和world, 这里就属于泛指了。 18.The biggest whale is _ blue whale, which grows to be about 29 meters longthe height of _ 9-story building. A. the; the B. a; a C. a; the D. the; a 【答案】B 【解析】第一空用the+n表示类别, 是指blue whale这一类动物；第二空用a表示泛指。 19.Some people fear that _ air pollution may bring about changes in _ weather around the world. A. /; the B. the; / C. an; the D. the; a 【答案】A 【解析】Air pollution 是抽象名词这里是泛指, weather 这里是特指全球的气候, 根据the weather around the world 可知。 20. Les go to cinema-thatll take your mind off the problem for while A. the; the B. the; a C. a; the D. a a 【答案】B 【解析】go to the cinema 表示具体的某地, for a while 固定搭配, 表示 一会儿。 21.What _ pity that you couldnt be there to receive _ prize! A. a; a B. the; a C. a; the D. the; the 【答案】C 【解析】第一空所填冠词与上下文构成固定句型what a pity that, 用不定冠词a；第二空后名词表示表特指, 用定冠词the, 选C。 22.In order to find _ better job, he decided to study _ second foreign language. A. the; a B. a; a C. the; the D. a; the 【答案】B 【解析】该题的意思是：为了找到一个更好的工作, 他决定再学习另外一门外语。第一空表示泛指；第二空用a +序数词+名词表示又一, 再一。23.I dont understand what the engineer means, but Ive got_ rough idea of _ project plan. A. the; a B. 不填; the C. the; 不填 D. a; the 【答案】D 【解析】前空构成短语get a+adj+idea of sth, 泛指一种大体的想法, 后空指双方都知道的那个project计划。 24.Washing machines made by China have won worldwide attention and Haier has become popular name. A. a; the B. /; a C. /; the D. the; a 【答案】B 【解析】句意为 中国造的洗衣机已经赢得世界关注, 海尔已成为一个受欢迎的名字。25. What I need is book that contains ABC of oil painting. A. a; 不填 B. the; 不填 C. the; an D. a; the 【答案】D 【解析】句意 我所需要的是一本包含油画基础知识的书。第一空表泛指, 第二空表特指。 26.Have you heard _ news？The piece of _ petrol is going up again! A. the, the B. 不填, the C. the, 不填 D. 不填, 不填 【答案】C 【解析】句意为：你听说这消息了吗？油价又上涨了！第一空特指下文的消息, 应用定冠词the；第二空后的petrol为泛指, 且是不可数名词, 故不用冠词。 27.We went right round to the west coast by _ sea instead of driving across _ continent.A. the; the B.不填；the C. the; 不填 D. 不填；不填 【答案】B 【解析】by sea经海路, by the sea在海边；表示大陆、大洋等的名词前通常加定冠词the。 28.Students should be encouraged to use _ Internet as _ resource. A. 不填；a B. 不填; the C. the; the D. the; a 【答案】D 【解析】the Internet因特网, 为固定搭配；as a resource 作为一种资源, 此处用a表示泛指。 29.- I am so sorry to have come late for the meeting. - It is not your fault. With _ rush-hour traffic and _ heavy rain, it is no wonder you were late. A. a; a B. the; the C. /; / D. /; a 【答案】B 【解析】句意为：开会来晚了我非常抱歉。这不是你的错, 这正是上下班的高峰期而且又下了大雨, 难怪你来晚了。第一个空特指高峰时间拥挤的交通；第二个空特指双方所指的大雨。30My neighbor asked me to go for _ walk, but I dont think Ive got _ energy. A. a; 不填 B. the; the C. 不填；the D. a; the 【答案】D 【解析】句意为：我的邻居叫我去散步, 但我认为我没有（那样的）力气。第一个空go for a walk为固定短语；第二个空特指散步用的力气。s not _ good idea to drive for four hours without _ break. A. a a B. the a C. the the D. a the 【答案】 A【解析】句意为：开车四个小时而不休息不是一个好主意。第一空 一个好主意是泛指；without a break是习惯用法, break也是泛指。 32.I ate _ sandwich while I was waiting for _ 20:08 train. A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. a, a 【答案】A 【解析】sandwich是可数名词, 且在句中首次出现, 表示泛指, 其前须加不定冠词；而二十点零八分的火车是特指的惟一的概念, 故其前须加定冠词the。 33.In the United States, there is always _ flow of people to areas of _ country where more jobs can be found. A. a; the B. the a C. the; the D. a; a 【答案】A 【解析】句意为：在美国, 总有人不断地涌入乡村地区, 在那里可以找到更多的工作。a flow of表示 大量涌入（某地）；the country/countryside表示 乡村, 与定冠词the连用。 34._ apple fell from the tree and hit him on _ head. A. An; the B. The; the C. An; 不填 D. The; 不填 【答案】A 【解析】第一个空指一个苹果, 是泛指；第二个空考查hit sb. in/on the+部位, 表示 击打某人的某个部位。 35.In many places in China, _ bicycle is still _ popular means of transportation. A. a; the B. /; a C. the; a D. the;the 【答案】C 【解析】the+名词表一类, 后面用a修饰, 指一种的方式。 36.Could you tell me the way to _ Johnsons, please? Sorry, we dont have _ Johnson here in the village. A. the; the B. the; a C. /; the D. the; / 【答案】B 【解析】第一空：姓氏复数前加the表示一家人, 第二句中a Johnson指 一个叫Johnson的人。37._ walk is expected to last all day, so bring- packed lunch. A. A;a B. The; 不填 C. The a D. A 不填 【答案】C 【解析】第一空指双方都知道的事；第二空表泛指。 38How about Christmas evening party? I should say it was success. A.a; a B.The; a C.a;不填 D.the; 不填 【答案】B 【解析】第一空指双方都知道圣诞晚会；第二空表泛指。 39.I looked under _bed and found _bokkd I lost last week. A.the; a B. the: the C. 不填；the D. the:;不填 【答案】B 【解析】两空都表示特指。40.How about taking _ short break? I want to make _ call. A. the；a B. a；the C. the；the D. a；a 【答案】D 【解析】take a break是固定词组；第二空表泛指。 41I wanted to catch _early train, but couldnt get _ ride to the station. A. an, the B. /, the C. an, / D. the, a 【答案】D 【解析】第一空表特指；第二空表泛指。 42I like _ color of your skirt. It is _ good match for your blouse. A. a; the B. a; a C. the; a D. the; the 【答案】C 【解析】第一空特指 你衣服的颜色；第二空表泛指。 43.Gorge couldnt remember when he first met Mr. Anderson, but he was sure it was _ Sunday because everybody was at _ church. A. /; the B. the; / C. a; / D. /; a 【答案】C 【解析】第一空泛指 是在一个星期天；at church是固定词组。 44.Chrismas is _ special holiday when _ whole family are supposed to get together. A. the, the B. a, a C. the, a D. a, the 【答案】D 【解析】第一空表泛指；第二空表特指。 45- Hello, could I speak to Mr. Smith? - Sorry, wrong number. There isnt_ Mr. Smith here. A. 不填 B. a C. the D. one 【答案】B 【解析】这人的姓名前加不定冠词表示某一个 叫的人
