2022年高考英语学习方法总结--短文改错常见错误类型 .docx
精品_精品资料_高考英语短文改错常见错误类型高考英语改错题是考生感到麻烦的题型之一.笔者对近几年的高考英语改错题作了细致的分析并加以归类后,发觉错误类型主要集中在以下方面.(例题保留原题号)1. 动词时态每年都有时态错误的小题,而且改动基本集中在一般过去时与一般现在时之间.时态的更换要以上下文的主体时态为依据.( 1)( 2022 全国卷) She liked it very much and reads it to the class. All said the story was.84. read( and 连接并列谓语)( 2)(2022 江苏卷) At once I apologize and controlled myself.83. apologized( and 连接并列谓语)( 3)(2022 全国卷) Sometimes, we talked to each other very well in class,. 82. talk(依据 sometimes 可判定此句为一般现在时)( 4)(2022 全国卷) I will write again and send you the photos we take together. 85.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_took(把照片寄给你,应当是已经拍好的,用过去时)( 5)(2022 全国卷) There are advantage for students to work while studying at school.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_One of them was that they can earn money. 77. is(从上下文判定,应当是现在时,谓语用is)( 6)(2022 江苏卷) We named him Jack and keep him for about three years. 76. kept( and 连接并列谓语)2. 名词单复数单复数互改是高考英语改错题的基此题型之一,改动的依据有: 一是依据名词前的修饰限定成份.二是依据上下文的规律关系.( 1)(2022 全国卷) Their word were a great encouragement to me. 85. words(是把 word 改为 words 仍是把 were 改为 was,依据名词前的修饰限定词their 来打算.)( 2)(2022 江苏) that was a dinner we had waited for several month. 85. months( several 修饰复数名词)( 3)(2022 全国卷) a few minute on the Internet.77. minutes( a few 修饰复数名词)( 4)(2022 全国卷) But one and a half year later. 79. years( one and a half 意思为一年半,故判定此处year 应为复数形式)( 5)(2022 全国卷) There are advantage for students to work. 76. advantages(从 there are 判定应当用名词复数)3. 句子结构句子结构方面的错误范畴巨大,解答高考英语改错题主要可以从以下几方面来摸索:1) 句子结构是否完整,成份是否冗缺.2)单词的词性与其在句中的功能是否相符.3)主谓一样. 4)复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词或引导词的运用是否得当等.( 1)( 2022 全国卷) I won t be able to meet you at the airport although I have classes in the afternoon. 78. because/as可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_(复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词运用不当)( 2)(2022 全国卷) I don t know that they don t like to talk with me. 81. why(复合句中连接主句和从句的关系词运用不当)( 3)( 2022 全国卷) For the most part, students working to earn money for their own use.78. work(缺谓语动词)( 4)( 2022 全国卷)Earning their own money allow them to spend on anything if they like.79. allows(主语是动名词短语Earning their own money ,谓语应当用单数)( 5)( 2022 江苏卷) But the most wonderful thing about Jack were his musical ability. 84.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_was(主语是第三人称单数)4. 赘述高考英语改错题中的赘述是指在一些固定表达中或从上下文规律来看用了余外的词,从可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_而使句子表达不合规范或造成规律上的重复.( 1)( 2022 全国卷 80)I followed her advice and should put down 100 words or so each day.80. should(并列谓语, should 余外)( 2)(2022 全国卷) Can you tell me about what I should do.85. about( tell sb about/of sth 或 tell sb 接从句)( 3)(2022 重庆卷) I had to look up to the same word many times, . 78. to( look up a word 查字典)( 4)( 2022 全国卷) Some students may also to save up for their college or future use. 84. to(情态动词 may 后接动词原形)( 5)( 2022 江苏卷) But for the most wonderful thing about Jack was his musical ability. 83. for( but 是连词 for 是介词,不能并列)5. 固定结构(固定句型、固定短语、固定搭配)所谓固定结构是指英语中一些不能随便更换的习惯表达.如固定短语中的词不能缺,固定搭配要前后一样等.( 1)( 2022 全国卷 81)Soon I began to enjoy talk to myself on paper as I was . 81. talking( enjoy doing 为固定短语)( 2)(2022 全国卷) I am sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool.79. at( laugh at sb. 固定短语)( 3)(2022 浙江卷) from friends can all provide you for stamps from all over the world.82. with( provide . with 为固定短语)( 4)(2022 全国卷) I am writing to thank you with your kind help. 76. for( thank sb for sth)( 5)(2022 全国卷) or for permission to do things by money. 83. with( with money )6. 冠词英语中冠词只有三个,从高考英语改错题的角度来看,只能从以下几个方向出题:1) 不定冠词 a 和 an 互改. 2)不定冠词 a 或 an 和定冠词 the 互改. 3)依据需要增删冠词.( 1)(2022 全国卷) I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. 77. the可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_(依据句义是特指这个周末)( 2)(2022 江苏卷) When I was boy, . 76. a(我是一个男孩,应用不定冠词a.)( 3)(2022 辽宁卷) This was my first visit to a English family. 78. an( English 开头字母是元音,应当用an)( 4)(2022 重庆卷) I started writing down words from books that I read.82. the(名词后由从句修饰时,应使用定冠词)( 5)( 2022 全国卷) I hope you ve had pleasant journey home and will come to China83. a7. 代词代词不仅要与其所指代对象一样,其运用仍要符合上下文的语气及规律关系.( 1)(2022 浙江卷) And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of your own . 78. their(指代对象应一样)( 2)( 2022 湖北卷) You have to be friends with your pupils and take good care of him. 83. them( pupils 是复数 ,后应当用替代复数名词的代词. )( 3)( 2022 全国卷) Some students may also save up for our college or future use. 85. their(指代对象应一样)( 4)(2022 江苏卷) We often play a trick on himself. 79. him( play a trick on sb )8. 连词及与并置问题连词连接的前后两部分是否合乎规律.并列连词所连接的前后两部分结构是否等同.这两点是解答连词及其相关问题的关键所在.( 1)(2022 江苏卷) My grandma was the best cook in the world but could make the most delicious dishes. 79. and(从句意可知,此处表并列关系,应用and)( 2)(2022 全国卷) My class will be over by then or I will pick you up there. 82. and(并列关系, “于是、同时、然后”等意思)( 3)(2022 全国卷) I would describe myself as shy and quietly. 77. quiet(连接的词性应一样)9. 易混淆的词或词组易混淆的词既包括词意相同或相近的同义词、近义词, 也包括形状相像、 意义有别的词组.易混淆词或词组的辨析也是高考改错题中不容忽视的部分.( 1)(2022 全国卷) Finding information on the Net is easily.83. easy( be easy 特别简单,形容词做表语)( 2)(2022 福建卷) She called 119 immediate. 84. immediately(副词做状语)( 3)( 2022 全国卷) I always thought in Chinese and tried to translate anything into English.78. everything(在陈述句中一般用everything )( 4)(2022 重庆卷) .but I had terribly problems memorizing them. 77. terrible(作定语应用形容词)( 5)(2022 全国卷) My pronunciation was terribly. 78.terrible(系动词后用形容词作表语)可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_以上错误类型的划分不肯定很科学,但至少能为考生解答高考英语改错题供应摸索方法.一旦考生认清了高考英语改错题的特点、解题方法以及错误类型, 解题时就不会盲目从事,而能做到有的放矢.短文改错题常见的错误类型1、冠词的多用、少用、混用.2、名词 的数与格的误用.3、主谓不一样的错误.同学往往简单忽视定语从句中强调句型中的主谓一样性.4、代词的指代不一样的错误. 代词的指代一样性包括人称、 数、格和性四方面的统一.代词的人称可分为第一、 二、三人称和非人称.代词的数分为单数和复数. 代词的格分为主格、宾格、全部格仍出名词性物主代词.代词的性分为阳性、阴性和中性.5、动词的时态、语态和语气的误用.多数动词有时态、语态、和语气变化形式,仍有上下文的时态呼应,主从句的时态一样.6、非谓语动词的误用.非谓语动词的难点主要表达在V ing 形式和过去分词的用法区分、 V ing 形式与不定式的用法区分、以及非谓语动词的时态、语态的正确运用.7、形容词、副词的混用及其比较等级的误用.形容词一般在句中作定语修饰名词或代词,作表语说明主语的性质、特点.而副词的作用较复杂,常常修饰形容词、副词 、介词短语、动词或全句.形容词和副词比较等级的误用现象:省略不当.自身比较.修饰语的误用. than 连接的两个比较对象不一样或不平行.8、关联词语的误用.关联词分并列连词and,but, or, so,when 等,从属连词各种从句的引导词. 关联词语的误用除涉及到其基础学问,仍涉及至行文规律关系. 短文改错题惯用的命题手法是:and,but,or,so 等之间的混用. because与 so 并用. although 与 but 并用. why与 because并用. come 与 go 混用. here 与 there 混用.9、平行结构的误用.平行结构是指用一连串作用和结构相同的或相像的成份表达同一范畴或同一性质、亲密关联的内容.平行结构有词之间的平行、词组之间的平行、句子或从句之间的平行、段落之间的平行.在平行结构中常用的并列连词有 and,but,or,than 等.10、成分的多与少多一词或少一词.多或少的词语,常见于冠词、介词、不定式标记 to 等,不过有时也可能是实义词.在短文改错中常显现repeat back, serve for 等错误.这类错误大多由于同学受汉语表达习惯的影响,或对英语词义的懂得不够精确造成的.11、固定搭配、 习惯用法和介词的误用.短文改错中涉及到固定搭配、习惯用法常常多用、少用或误用其中的介词,有时也涉及到其中的动词、冠词的错误搭配.短文改错题常见的错误类型剖析1、多词多冠词.I caught a sigh of my English in the crowd .析sight 是不行数名词, 且 cath sight of 是固定搭配,意为“观察” .故应去掉 a.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_多介词. We practice for three times every week .此例中是作时间状语的名词短语多了介词,故应去掉 for固定搭配中多词. I was used to watch it.此 例属于 used to do 与 be used to 两个固定搭配的误用,据句意应去was.即“过去常常”之意.行文规律上多词. First, let me tell you something more about myself . 由 first 可知是刚刚开头向别人表达自己的事情,故只能说something , 而不要加 more.词义重复. I ll spend all the whole weekend reading and preparing for it. the whole weekend 意为“整个周末” ,再加上 all , 词义重复.故去all.显现冗言现象.Today I visited the Smithsmy first time visit to an American family .本句中 first修饰 visit ,vsit此处为名词,意为“我的第一次拜访”, time 余外.2、缺词名词前缺限定词. The day before the speech contest English teacher talked to me .依据上下文分析, 此处 English teacher是有所指的, 指的是“我的” 英语老师, 故应 English teacher 前加上 my , 表达一个更准确的概念.缺动词不定式符号to. I d like very much come but I have an examination on Mondaymorning .would like后面不能直接加动词,需to,构成固定搭配 would like to do something, 意为“想做某事” .缺系动词. What your favorite sport . 本句缺谓语动词,应在What 后面加 is .短文改错的解题步骤1、通读短文,把握文意.快速阅读短文,明白短文大意,利用短文大意攻克文中的错误, 切忌拿到短文提笔就改.2、依据句意和语法逐句判定.错误是按行设置的,但找错不 是以行为单位查找,必需依据句意和语法分析,逐句或跨行查找错误.3、先易后难,逐类排查.先找出比较明显的错误,逐步缩小错误的范畴.十行之中有一行是正确的.4、利用行文规律 ,突破改错难点.有些行文规律错误,从词法、句法的角度看是正确的,但是通过上下文的规律分析就会发觉是错误的.5、复读短文,检查答案,留意行文规律关系的正确合理.6、严格依据试题要求答题,万万不能随心所欲解题.短文改错的解题技巧1、利用排除法进行短文改错,所谓“排除法”就是在懂得单句或短文大意基本把握住文章整体时态的前提下,行不离句,句不离文,将句子分成如干语段,逐一排除,使错误缩小到最小范畴.再依据基础学问进行扩散性摸索,从而快速找到答案.2、发觉有平行结构,就要检查是否有用词不一样或因成分短缺而引起的句子不平稳错误.如: She was eating her sandwich and drank her milk at the table when I arrived . 此句中并列的平行结构是两个语法上相同的谓语,故应把 drank 改 drinking.3、发觉有比较结构,就要检查是否有形容词、副词的比较级,比较的对象等方面的错误.如: In some places you can borrow many books as you want , 依据上下文不难发觉该句含“as as”结构的句子,所以应在 many 前加上 as.4、发觉有转折、因果、对比等结构时,就要检查是否有行文规律方面的错误.如: His company publishes books and he buys books all over the world . 按行文规律, 应把 buys 改 sells. 又如: I like singing ,my brother likes dancing . 英语中两个分句之间不能仅仅用逗号,而要用合适的连词连接.故以上两个分句之间要加上连词while表示对比.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_5、发觉句子有多重结构,就要检查是否有时态、语态、连词或成分短缺等错误.如:He wrote tome immediatelyas soon as he got there .该句犯了连词重复使用的错误,应去掉immediately.6、发觉有特别疑问句结构,就要检查是否有疑问词使用不当的错误.如:-How many was the price of your car .-I bought the car at cheap price ,only S2,000.英语中问价格时,可用what price或 how much提问.回答常常用 high price low price . 所以应把句子中的How many 改为 What , 把答句中 cheap 改为 low.7、发觉出名词和代词时,就要检查是否有数、全部格或指代不一样的错误.如:Some people read the books or watch TV , while others have sports . 去掉 books 前的 the ,books 在此表示泛指.8、发觉有固定短语时, 就要检查副词、 介词、冠词是否使用错误. 如:Suddenly I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd .caught sight of 观察 是固定词组,所以要去掉a.9、发觉并列主语、从句、不定代词、集合名词、非谓语动词、时间、金钱等作主语, together with, as well as等引导的成份修饰主语时,就要检查是否有主谓不一样的错误.如: Playing football not only makes us grow tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play andteam spirit .but also后面的分句的主语也是playing football, 其谓语动词应当用单数,故give应改为 gives .10、发觉有特别动词结构时,就要检查其特别用法是否正确.如:He made me to post a letter for him . 英语中的感官动词see; look at ;watch ; notice; observe ; hear; listen to等,使役动词 let ;make ; have 等后面所跟的复合宾语中,假如由不定式的短语作宾语补足语,不定式须省去 to.故应去掉句中的 to.11、发觉有非谓语动词作状语、表语或定语时, 就要检查是否有非谓语动词和规律主语不一样的错误. 如.The box is too heavy for the little boy to carry it .该句型中不定式 to carry规律上的宾语就是句子中的主语,所以句中的it 是余外,应去掉.短文改错题中动词错误的解题思路1、假如该动词在句中作谓语,可考虑其时时态和语态. 如:Anyone may borrow books ,and it cost nothing to borrow them cost-costs如:Books may be keep for two weeks keep kept 2、假如该动词不作谓语, 可试着改成非谓语动词形式. 如:I look forward to hear from you soon .hear -hearing 如:play footballnot only makes us grow up tall and strong but also play-playing 短文改错的考点分析短文改错是一种对基础学问与综合技能的检测题.它主要检测考生对词法、句法和语篇中的行为规律等的把握.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_1、词法:主要涉及名词的单复数.人称代词的性、数、格.不定代词和连接代词的用法.动词的时态和语态. 情态动词和非谓语动词的用法. 定冠词不定冠词的用法. 并列连词和从属连词的看法. 介词的搭配. 形容词和副词的区分及其比较级和最高级的用法. 词语的固定搭配和习惯用法等.2、句法:各类从句的连接.主谓一样.省略与替代.否定句型.强调句型.句子结构的连贯性、完整性等.3、语篇:短文时态的前后呼应、代词的前后一样、规律的前后顺应等.短文改错中错词的误用1、名词单复数误用. She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success.依据句意分析 ,schoolmate 应改为复数形式.2、非谓语动词误用. I was often a little tired after a day s work and watch TV demands very little effort . 依据句意分析, and 连接两个不同的事情, 故 watch 应以动名词 watching作主语.3、连词误用. It looks as if my parents treat ,me as a visitor and a guest . 分析后各知.本句话意思为 “看起来我的父母亲把我当成了 visitor 或 gust 了.“二者为挑选关系, 而非并列关系,故应将 and 改为 or.4、关系代词与关系副词误用. I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. 此句后一部分是非限制性定语从句,应用关系代词 which 作主语.5、限定词误用. We may be one family and live under a same roof .same意为“同样的” , 前面应加定冠词 the ,而不是 a.6、词义辨析误用. They did not want me to do my work at family .family 侧重指“家庭这个结构或家里人” ,而 home 就侧重指“家庭的所在的” .因此“在家里”应用 at home.短文改错中“一样性”问题1、主谓一样2、时态与语态的一样3、代词先后指代一样4、名词数的一样5、平行结构中的一样6、全文写作规律语义一样可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_高考英语短文改错解题指导以往,短文改错题是高考英语全国试卷和绝大多数单独命题省市试卷的基此题型.由于其综合了对于高中生英语语法、 阅读和写作才能的综合考察, 所以始终以来都是同学们颇感麻烦的难题. 我们认为, 经过合理的指导和科学的训练, 同学们完全可以熟识其核心的命题思路和解题技巧,从而取得抱负的成果.一、高考英语改错题的命题特点分析从上个世纪九十岁月开头显现以来,高考短文改错题的考察方式基本已经稳固下来,其设疑方式不外乎:无错(1 处)、多词或少词( 3 到 4 处)以及错词( 5-6 处).而且,没 有单词拼写、标点符号或词序错误,只涉及语法、习惯表达和语义规律层面.三、高考英语改错题的常见错误类型依据对近十年全部高考改错题的统计分析,我们认为, 短文改错题所涉及到的高频考点, 恰好也是中同学在写作中常常显现的错误.我们期望考生能够参考我们所总结的常见错误类型,在练习改错题的时候学会对应和归纳,这样才能够提高对错误的嗅觉力和敏锐度.这些错误类型主要为:1、动词的时态和语态2、句子结构和句子完整性3、名词单复数及主谓一样问题4、上下文语意和指代5、介词6、固定(习惯)用法7、词性8、冠词9、连词和从句引导词10、动词不定式四、实例分析接下来,我们以考题为例,分析短文改错题的详细解题流程.1) There are advantage for students to work while 2) studying at school. One of them was that 3) they can earn money. For the most part, 4) students working to earn money for their own 5) use. Earning their own money allow them 6) to spend on anything as if they please.7) They would have to ask their parents for8) money or for permission to do things by 9) the money. Some students may also to save 10) up for our college or future use.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_通过阅读全文,我们发觉:1、这是一篇谈论文,探讨同学是否应当打工.主体时态是现在时.第2)小题的局部时态和主体时态发生冲突,而且经过进一步判定,属于时态错误.2、文章的第一句是这篇谈论文的论点,它明确了全文的立足点: 打工有好处. 因此, 第 7)小题虽然没有任何语法错误,但其规律和全文的整体规律恰好背道而驰.3、文章是作者站在第三方对一个一般现象进行的评论,主体叙事角度与 “我” 、“我们”无关.第10)小题的代词“ our ”有错误嫌疑.第 1)小题, There are advantage for students to work while中,系动词 are 和主语 advantage 的单复数一样性显现了问题,但此时仍不能贸然判定到底是哪一个显现了问题.通过阅读下文, 我们得出至少有两个层面的“好处”,因此把 advantage改为 advantages .第 2)小题, studying at school. One of them was that中,我们已经说明过了,时态错误,应将was 改为 is .第 3)小题, they can earn money. For the most part,中,没有错误, for the most part为习惯表达,表示“最主要的缘由是”,且语法无误.第 4)students working to earn money for their own中, working是非谓语形式, 导致该句没有谓语,是一个典型的不完整句,因此要将working改为 work ,仍原其谓语功能.第 5)小题,use. Earningtheirown money allowthem 中,主语为动名词形式的earning ,与谓语 allow的一样性显现问题,应改为allows .第 6)小题, to spend on anything as if they please.中,从句引导词错误,导致含义纷乱,应将 as if改为 as.第 7)小题, They would have to ask their parents for中,如上文中的说明,改为should not.第 8)小题, money or for permission to do things by中,介词使用有误,这主要仍是一个语法问题.将by 改为 with .第 9)小题, the money. Some students may also to save中,情态动词和不定时的语法问题,应当将to 去掉.第 10)小题, up forour collegeorfutureuse. 中,我们说明过了,这里的代词our与全文的表达角度发生冲突.经判定,将其改为their.大致上, 短文改错涵盖面较广, 本文只是总结了数年考试题型做了归纳,总之这类题特别留意细节.令:本文是其他一线老师力作,拿来即用.可编辑资料 - - - 欢迎下载精品_精品资料_Exercise 2Dear students,The Students Union was going to hold an English Speech 1. contest in the evening of December 30. The purpose 2. is increase the students interest in learning English and 3. improve their spoken English. Which is going to be held in4. the school main hall and will begins at 7:30. And the 5. best five students of this English contest will be given6. prizes. Someone in Grade Three will be 7. welcome to take part in it. Those would like to take part 8. in this contest should go to the office of the Students 9. Union and sign it up your names and the topics of your 10. English Speech.Welcome to this great fun.答案及解析1. was 改为 is.2. in 改为 on.指详细某一天的晚上,要用介词 on.3. is 后加 to.此处为不定式作表语.4. Which 改为 It.此处应用 it 指代前文的 an English Sp