高考英语语法填空非谓语动词真题详解(14页).doc

-高考英语语法填空非谓语动词真题详解-第 14 页语法填空中对非谓语动词的考查实例剖析例1the proverb, “plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”, is based on the following story. (2008年广东)思路分析：因句中已有谓语is based，而“plucking up a crop 32 (help) it grow”是the proverb的同位语，是一个名词短语而非同位语从句，因此，help应是谓语动词；“帮助禾苗长”是“将禾苗拨起来”的目的，作目的状语，用动词不定式，故填to help例2While she was getting me _34_ (settle) into a tiny but clean room(2007年广东)思路分析：因句中已有谓语was getting，所以settle应是非谓语动词；又由settle sb. into/in/on(使某人舒服地处于某处)可知，me与settle是被动关系，要用过去分词用宾补，故填settled。考点突破一、单句填空：用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。1. _walking_ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both young and old. (全国)2. Eugene's never willing to alter any of his opinions. Its no use _arguing_(argue) with him. (上海)3. Please remain _seated_(seat); the winner of the prize will be announced soon. (辽宁)remain在这里是一个系动词,后面要接形容词做表语,CD明显不对,可以排除,AB都是分词形式,可以充当形容词,但是主语是人,和seat应该是被动关系,所以用过去分词而不用现在分词.Please remain seated .请坐着不要动。Be seated请坐着不要动4. Can I smoke here? Sorry. We dont allow _smoking_(smoke) here. (江苏) Sb allow sb to do sth 某人允许某人做某事 Sb allow doing sth某人被允许做某事5. It is difficult to imagine his _accepting_(accept) the decision without any consideration. (陕西) imagine ones doing sth 固定搭配6. I cant stand _working_(work) with Jane in the same office. She just refuses _to stop_(stop) talking while she works. (北京) stand(sb.)doing,“忍受(某人)做什么”;refuse to do“拒绝做7. As a result of the serious flood, two-thirds of the buildings in the area need _repairing_ (repair). (陕西) Need(需要) 的用法1. Need作为实义动词有人称、数和时态的变化（在变为否定句和疑问句时需借助于助动词）（1) 当主语是人时，后可接名词和动词不定式，即：need sth./ need to do sth.Eg: He needs some help. It's cold outside. You need to wear more clothes.Need后跟不定式且用于否定句中时，表示“不必”，指没义务或没必要做某事。Eg: You don't need to do it at once.你不必马上做那件事情。（2) 当主语为物时，后接名词或v-ing.Eg: The flowers need water. 这些花需要水。 The flowers need watering.这些花需要浇水。2. need作为情态动词（注：情态动词不能独立作谓语，必须和动词原形一起构成谓语，即need作为情态动词时，后面必须跟动词原形）无人称、数和时态的变化，常用于否定句和疑问句中。Eg: You needn't go this week.这周你不必去。由need引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答一般用must， 否定回答一般用needn't。Eg: -Need I come? -Yes, you must./ No, you needn't注：由must引导的一般疑问句，肯定回答一般用must， 否定回答一般用needn't或 don't have toEg: - Must I go now? - Yes, you must. No, you needn't/don't have to.8. Susan wanted to be independent of her parents. She tried _living_ (live) alone, but she didnt like it and moved back home. (湖南)try这个词后面可以接doing和to do,但是表达的含义不同.Doing表示试着去做,但不管是否成功,to do 表示尝试去做,强调结果. 9. Robert is indeed a wise man. Oh, yes. How often I have regretted _not taking_(not take) his advice! (安徽)10. If you think that treating a woman well means always _getting_ (get) her permission for things, think again. (湖南)Mean doing sth意味着做某事，11. At the beginning of class, the noise of desks _being opened and closed_(open and close) could be heard outside the classroom. (全国)being opened and closed是正在被开或关的意思 12. They are quiet, arent they? Yes. They are accustomed to _not talking_ (not talk) at meals. (江苏)be accustomed to doing sth.习惯做某事（请注意：to 为介词,并非不定式的标志,即后面加动词原形）13. Isn't it time you got down to _(mark) the papers? (重庆)get down to doing sth是固定搭配，“开始做某事”；to为介词，后面接动名词或名词，14. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _setting_ (set) up some schools for poor children. (上海)学生可能会抓住“he had to”而选择A，因为他们对had to do something的结构太熟悉了。其实，句中had to与set up并不构成搭配，因为he had为定语从句修饰先行词all, setup与devote allto构成搭配，即devote all to setting up(to为介词)，15. She looks forward every spring to _walking_ (walk) in the flower-lined garden. (上海)16. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time _passing_ (pass) the exam. (福建)Have a hard time /difficulty/trouble .(in)doing sth.做某事有艰难、困难或有麻烦. 17. According to a recent U.S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week _watching_ (watch) TV. (上海)spend some time (in) doing sth.,中间出现了up to（达到）,增加了选择的难度.18. I believe thats the best way to prevent such a thing from _happening_ (happen) again. (全国)19. Did you have trouble in_finding_ (find) the post office? (全国)20. Sandy could do nothing but _admit_ (admit) to his teacher that he was wrong. (上海)介词后接动词通常应是动名词.但是介词but（except 也一样）却比较特殊,其后接动词时,可以接不定式,并且这个不定式可以带to 也可以不带to：1当其前的谓语含有实义动词do（可以是各种形式）时,其后的不定式通常不带to：She will do anything but play chess她除了下棋外什么都愿干.He did nothing all day except watch TV他一整天除了看电视什么也没做.2当其前的谓语没有某种形式的实义动词do 时,其后的不定式通常要带to：They had no choice but to obey他们别无选择只有服从.He wanted nothing but to stay here他除了想呆在这里外,其它什么也不想.3当其前含有实义动词do 但不是用作谓语时,其后的不定式带不带to 均可,但以不带to 为多见：There's nothing to do but（to）leave只好离开.There was nothing to do but（to）wait除了等没有其它的办法.4在cannot（help）but 后习惯上接不带to 的不定式：I cannot（help）but admire his courage我不得不佩服他的勇气21. I smell something _burning_ (burn) in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute? (全国)something应该正在烧，而且something与burn之间是主谓关系，即是其自己烧了起来，所以要用现在分词22. Dont leave the water _running_ (run) while you brush your teeth. (天津)leave the water running指的是让水一直流，表状态。水和run之间是主动关系。23. It was so cold that they kept the fire _burning_ (burn) all night. (全国)24. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _carried_ (carry) out the next year. (全国)25. To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English _spoken_ (speak) as much as we can. (江苏)26. He is very popular among his students as he always tries to make them _interested_(interest) in his lectures. (江苏)27. Energy drinks are not allowed _making_(make) in Australia but are brought in from New Zealand. (上海) 28. My advisor encouraged me _to take_(take) a summer course to improve my writing skills. (北京) encourage sbto do sth是固定短语,意为“鼓励某人做某事”,不定式在句中作宾补.29. My parents have always made me _feel_(feel) good about myself, even when I was twelve. (江苏) Make sb do make sth done make sbdone使某人被 sb be made to do sthhave sb do 让某人干某事 have sth done have sbdone使某人被let sb do let sth done let sbdone使某人被get sb to do 使某人干某事 get sth done get sb done 使某人被leave sb to do sth 让某人干某事 leave sth done ask sb to do 使某人干某事30. They knew her very well. They had seen her _grow_ (grow) up from childhood. (全国) see sb do sth 看见某人做某事 see sb doing sth看见某人正在做某事31. The mother felt herself _grow_ (grow) cold and her hands trembled as she read the letter from the battlefield. (上海)feel 作为感官动词,表示“感觉”,后接动词不定式的复合结构作宾语时,不定时不能带“to” ,即省略to,直接加动词原形32. Paul doesnt have to be made _to learn_ (learn). He always works hard. (全国)33. Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. Sorry. With so much work _filling_ (fill) my mind, I almost break down. (福建)34. John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work _finished_ (finish), he gladly accepted it. (安徽)35. With a lot of difficult problems _to settle_ (set), the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (上海)这是一个with复合结构.动词不定式to settle做定语表示现在或将来要解决的难题；过去分词settled作定语表示已经解决的难题；现在分词的被动式being settled作定语表示正在被解决的难题.所提供的语境the newly-elected president is having a hard time说明新任总统现在和将来都有难以解决的问题,所以要用to settle作定语.这句话的意思是“有很多难题要解决,新任总统的日子不好过.” 36. The director had her assistant _pick_(pick) up some hot dogs for the meeting. (全国)37. Did Peter fix the computer himself? He had it _fixed_(fix), because he doesnt know much about computers. (安徽)38. Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _improved_ (improve) in a short period. (福建)39. Helen had to shout to make herself _heard_ (hear) above the sound of the music. (广西)40. Peter received a letter just now _saying_(say) his grandma would come to see him soon. (四川)40. Peter received a letter just now _(say) his grandma would come to see him soon. (四川)41. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not _moving_ (move), and asked myself what I was going to do. (湖南)42. _walking_(walk) in the fields on a March afternoon, he could feel the warmth of spring. (安徽)43. _waiting_ (wait) in the queue for half an hour, the old man suddenly realized he had left the cheque in the car. (福建)44. _blamed_ (blame) for the breakdown of the school computer network, Alice was in low spirits. (福建)45. He hurried to the booking office only _to be told_ (tell) that all the tickets had been sold out. (陕西)only和不定式连用常构成结果状语，表示与预料相反的结果，意思是“竟然、结果”。46. European football is played in 80 countries, _making_ (make) it the most popular sport in the world. (全国)47. You were silly not _to have locked_(lock) your car. (湖南)It's / Sb. is + adj. + to do sth. 该句用不定式的完成时态是因为动作已经完成。 48. I like getting up very early in summer. The morning air is so good _to breathe_(breathe). (宁夏)be+adj+to do 是不定式的一个固定用法.比如说,这个工具很好使,你得说：the tool is easy to use.而不是：the tool is easy to be used 或者 the tool is easy using.这里的to do可以表达被动的意思,因为是工具被使用,空气被吸入,也就是所谓的主动形式表达被动意义.49. _to complete_ (complete) the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. (湖南)50. When _asked_ (ask) why he went there, he said he was sent there to be trained for a space flight. (江西)51. The flowers his friend gave him will die unless _watered_(water) every day. (四川)52. When _compared_(compare) different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing the many similarities. (浙江)53. The last one _to arrive_(arrive) pays the meal. Agree! (全国)固定用法，the last one to do sth,不光是Last，其他序数词都用To Do比如 I am the first to come to school再比如；he is the third to finish the work54. The trees _blown_(blow) in the storm have been moved off the road. (湖南)55. Can those _seated_ (seat) at the back of the classroom hear me? (福建)56. Reading is an experience quite different from watching TV; there are pictures _formed_ (form) in your mind instead of before your eyes. (广西)57. Its a long time since I saw my sister. (全国)Why not _visit_(visit) her this weekend?祈使句 不加to 动词为原型 所以这句话 要么是 Why not visit her this weekend 就是Why don't you visit her this weekend 58. _ (search) the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. (湖南)考查非谓语动词与并列句的区别与选择根据and这个特色词可知这是一个很典型的并列句，所以形成并列句的两个简单句的谓语动词必须是独立的，不能用非谓语动词，然后根据题意，前半句需要用到一个祈使句，“祈使句+and+句子（将来时）”表示“当你，你会”，题干含义是：当你浏览你们城市消防部门的网站时，你会学到很多关于消防的知识。59. The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _finished_(finish) for the day. (重庆)独立主格结构，60. _ (give) the general state of health, it may take him a while to recover from the operation. (北京)given通常被看作过去分词，但它还可用作介词，意为“考虑到，假定是”。如：Given his support, I think we'll win the election.“如果获得他的支持，我想我们会赢得这次选举。”Given their in experience, they've done a good job. “考虑到没有经验，他们做得还算不错。”二、语篇填空 用所给动词的适当形式填空。Freud was one of the first scientists 1_（make）serious research of the mind. The mind is the collection of activities 2_（base） in the brain that involve how we act, think, feel and reason. He used long talks with patients and the study of dreams 3_（search） for the causes of mental and emotional problems. He also tried hypnosis. He wanted to see if 4_（put）patients into a sleep-like condition would help ease 5_（trouble） minds. In most cases he found the effects only temporary. Freud worked hard, although what he did might sound easy. His method involved 6_ (sit) with his patients and 7_（listen）to them talk. He had them 8_（talk）about whatever they were thinking. All ideas, thoughts and anything that entered their mind had to 9_（express）. There could be no10_（hold）back because of fear or guilt. 1,to make 2, based 3, to search 4, putting 5, troubled 6, sitting 7, listening 8, talk 9, be expressed 10. holding 语法填空中对时态语态的考查实例剖析例1：This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their natural course. Being too anxious to help an event develop often 40 (result) in the contrary to our intention. (2008广东)分析：因句中Being too anxious to help an event develop是动名词短语作主语，括号中的result应当为谓语动词；主语与谓语动词是主动关系，再说短语动词result in本身是不能用于被动语态的，故用主动语态；根据语境，这段话是拔苗助长这个成语故事所说明的道理，“我们必须让事物沿着它们的自然进程发展。太着急帮助一件事物发展，结果往往和我们的意图相反（欲速则不达）。”这是客观真理，应当用一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数，故填results。例2：The policemans attention was suddenly caught by a small box which _ (place) under the Ministers car. (2005广东)分析：替代the box的关系代词which在定语从句中作主语，place应当为谓语动词；因主语which (the box)与place (放置)是被动关系，故用被动语态；又因place这个动作发生在was caught这个动作之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时的被动语态，故填had been placed。考点突破一、单句填空：用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.The house belongs to my aunt but she _ (not live) here any more. (全国I)2. This machine _ (not work). It hasnt worked for years. (浙江)3. If their marketing plans succeed, they _ (increase) their sales by 20 percent. (全国)4. Population experts predict that most people _(live) in cities in the near future. (上海春)5. He _(play) football regularly for many years when he was young. (天津)6. Have you known Dr. Jackson for a long time?Yes, since she _ the Chinese Society. (宁夏)7. Teenagers _(damage) their health because they play computer games too much. (重庆)8. I called Hnnah many times yesterday evening, but I couldnt get through. Her brother _ (talk) on the phone all the time! (湖南)9. John promised his doctor he _ (not smoke), and he has smoked ever since. (北京)10. By this time tomorrow, I_ (lie) on the beach11. So far this year we _ (see) a fall in house prices by between 5 and 10 percent. (福建)12. The hotel wasnt particularly good. But I _ (stay) in many worse hotels. (北京)13. We first met on a train in 2000. We both felt immediately that we _ (know) each other for years. (辽宁)14. Im sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ (prepare) for it for months. (江苏)15. The telephone _ (ring), but by the time I got indoors, it stopped. (四川)16. Did you go to the show last night? Yeah. Every boy and girl in the area _(invite). (陕西)17. Whats that noise? Oh, I forgot to tell you. The new machine _ (test). (浙江)18. I like these English songs and they _ (teach) many times on the radio. (安徽)19. No decision _ (make) about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. (北京)20. Do y