2022年八年级下册单元知识点 .pdf

名师总结精品知识点第一单元知识点Unit 1 Will people have robots? be doing表示将来 be going to do表示将来 will do 表示将来There be 句型表示的是“某地（时）有某人（物） ” ，强调“存在关系”。Have 则表示“某人（物）所有” ，强调“所属关系”For example There is a bus in our factory. （公共汽车不一定属于我们厂所有）Our factory has a bus. ( 公共汽车属于我们厂所有) There be句型将来时表达方式，肯定：There will be 否定 There won t be一般疑问句Will there be? 肯定回答Yes, there will. 否定回答 No, there won t. more 的意思是 “ 更多的 ” ，它是 many 和 much 的比较级，它可以用来修饰可数名词的复数或者不可数名词； less adj. 较少的 ;少量的(little 的比较级 ) fewer 也表示较少的，少量的 . 但 less和 fewer有区别 less 一般修饰不可数名词 . fewer 修饰可数名词 . There will be less pollution. live in an apartment 住在公寓里on the weekend 在周末be able to do sth =can do sth 能够. come ture 实现want to do sth = would like to do sth 想要去做某事make sb do sth 让某人做某事in the future 将来help sb with sth 在某方面帮助某人 . hundreds of (hundred 后加 s就一定要加 of) try to do sth 尽力做某事Youd better do sth 你最好做某事wake sb up 叫醒某人the same as 和 一样 study at home on computers 在家用电脑学习on vacation 度假do the most unpleasant jobs. 做最不愉快的工作 （unpleasant反义词 pleasant ）do the same things as a person.做像人一样的事情live to be 200 years old 活到两百岁as a reporter 作为一名记者。agree with sb同意某人意见go doing sth. 结构，表示 “ 去做 go skating去滑冰 go swimming 去游泳fall in love with a girl 爱上一个女孩（ fallfellfallen）. alone（独自 ;单独） live alone 一个人住lonely 表示（孤独的，寂寞的）keep 有好几个意思， 1 在本课中做“饲养 ;喂养 keep a pet parrot 养一只宠物鹦鹉2 保持(某状态 )：Keep silent! 保持沉默 ! Keep healthy(保持健康 ) During the week “ 在工作日里 ” wear表示“ 穿” ，表示状态 He wears a hat 。put on 是“ 穿上” ，“ 戴上” 的意思，强调动作dress oneself/casually 为自己穿衣服 /穿着随意see sb. do sth. ，“ 看到某人做某事 ” 中be free 免费，有空take the rockets to the moon 乘火箭去月球wear a suit 穿套装win award 获奖next time 下一次fly to the moon 飞到月球 be used by most people 被大多数人使用live in space 在太空居住do such jobs 做如此的工作 Such作形容词，意思是 “ 如此的 ”“这样的 ” ，修饰各种名词。如果名词是可数名词的单数形式，such和 so的位置不同： such+a/an+ 形容词 +单数名词 so+形容词 +a/an+单数名词如果名词是不可数名词或名词复数，只可用 such,不能用 so. such+形容词 +不可数名词或复数名词get bored感觉无聊over and over again 一再地，反复地look like 看起来（更）像help (sb.) (to) do sth. 帮助 （某人）做某事one of 名词复数（之一） after an earthquake地震之后What do you think Sally will be in ten years? 你认为萨莉 10 年之后将会是什么样子 ?此句中的 do you think 是插入语，其后接的宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。Shell be a reporter in ten years.（十年后）十年后她会是一个记者One day I might even visit Australia.甚至有一天我可能去参观澳大利亚。(might 在此处为或许可能之意 ,是个情态动词 .) Its + adj +for + sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是 的.It will be difficult for a robot to do the same thing as a person. It takes/took/will take sb sometime to do sth 做某事花费了某人多少时间。It will take scientists more time to make robots look like snakes. What do you think the weather will be like tomorrow? 你认为明天的天气怎样 ? What will teenagers do for fun twenty years from now? 二十年后年轻人将如何娱乐I want to work for myself when Im older.当我大点的时候，我想为自己工作。I need to look smart for my job interview.为了我工作面试，我需要看上去时髦点Predicting the future can be difficult. 展望未来有困难 Humans will have less work to do.人类将有更少的工作可做We never know what will happen in the future.我们不知道将来会发生什么。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 6 页名师总结精品知识点第二单元知识点Unit 2 what should I do? should 是情态动词，必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。 情态动词没有人称和数的变化， 意为应该 .。在这个单元中我们还学到用could表示建议，比 should更加委婉的建议 What s wrong with sb=what s the matter with sb? 表建议的句型why don t you talk to him about it?=why not talk to him about it?=You should/could talk to him about it.=how/what about talking to him about it?=You d better talk to him about it.want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事 give sb. sth.= give sth to sb.给某人某物 return sth. to sb.=give sth. back to sb.把某物归还给某人on the phone 在电话里 tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人（不）做某事some advice 一些建议 advice (不可数名词 ) not.until 直到才 nothing new 没什么新东西 see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事by oneself 独自after-school activities 课外活动 join “ 参加，加入， 指加入某党派，团体，人群，游戏等成为一个成员take part in 表示“参加，加入”，指参加某一活动。 forget 指大脑不能记起或回忆不出过去的人或事leave (left) 指因粗心把某物落在某处。He can t pay for the book, because he left his wallet(钱包) at home. be angry with sb 对某人生气 be original 新颖的 have a bake sale卖烧烤 take sb fromto带某人从 到pay for 付款1 sb. paysome money for sth. 某人为某物花费多少钱2sb. spen d some time (money) on sth./ sb. spend some time doing sth.某人花费金钱或时间在某事上或做某事ask sb for sth 向某人要求某物the same as与同样的 get on相处;进展 get on well with sb 与某人相处融洽 You could write him a letter.你可以给他写份信write sb a letter=write to sb=write a letter to sb给某人写信 a bit =a little 一点儿（修饰形容词或比较级） seem to do 仿佛做某事seem like 看起来像 buy sth for sb 为买东西 fail the test=not pass the test 考试不及格 the same age as=as old as 和- 年龄一样 try to do sth, 尽量干某事try doing sth 试着干某事competition starts from a very young age 竞争从很小年纪就开始了organized activities 有组织的活动 play CDs too loud 影碟放得太大声了argue with sb 与某人争论 /吵out of style(=out of fashion) 过时 in style (=in fashion)流行 keep sb out 不让进入 call sb up 打电话给（ =ring sb up=phone sb=give a call to sb=call sb）a ticket to a ball game球票 a ticket for (to)的票 surprise (v) 使惊奇 surprised感到惊奇的 surprising 惊奇的“ find”指偶然发现一个事实或道理；“find out”经过询问、打听之后搞清某事，强调“付出了努力”have a fight with sb 与某人打架 asas possible 尽可能（=asas sb can ） fitinto找到时间来做某事try to fit as much as possible into their kids lives. 并且尽可能多地尽可能多地充实到孩子们的生活中来。under the pressure of 在的压力下 complain about sth/doing sth 抱怨 Teachers complain about teaching tired kids 老师抱怨教疲惫的孩子send sb to 把某人送到 all kind of 各种各样的 Mothers send their kids to all kinds of classes 母亲送孩子去各种补习班compare sb with sb 将某人与某人相比push sb to do sth强迫某人做某事 think for 为着想 find it +adj.+to do sth.发现做某事很怎样 children may find it hard to think for themselves when they are older.这些孩子当他们长大后可能会发现为自己考虑事情很难。on the one hand ，on the other hand一方面，另一方面need sth to do sth 需要什来 On the one hand ， children need organized activities. On the other hand ,they also need time and freedom to relax. 一方面孩子需要有组织的活动，另一方面他们需要时间和自由去放松。 Enough为形容词，意思是 “ 足够的” ；enough +名词 enough money; 形容词或副词 +enough；busy enough足够忙 borrow “ 借入， ” 即说话人向他人借东西borrow sth from sb.; lend-lent-lent “借出， ”即说话人把自己的东西借给他人lend sb sth= lend sth to sb talk about谈论 talk to sb和 talk with sb 均表示 “ 和某人谈话 ” maybe 是副词 也许，或许，大概 Maybe you should call him up.或许你应该给他打电话， may be是情态动词 may 加上动词原形 be，意为 或许，后接形容词、名词、代词等。. It may be true.它可能是对的。 he doesnt have any money, either。 用在否定句后表示 也 Everyone else in my class was invited except me. 除我外，班上的其他同学都被邀请了except可表示“除之外”else，其他的，副词，一般修饰疑问词、不定代词，不能修饰名词Activities include sports, language learning, music and math classes. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 6 页名师总结精品知识点第三单元知识点What were you doing when the UFO arrived ? 过去进行时构 were/was+ving过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或者某段时间正在进行或发生的动作。1 when 与 while 引导时间状语从句的区别“when”后既可以加一般过去时， 又可加进行时。一般过去时只是单纯地说明过去的某个事实，即“ 有过这事 ” ；而 while 一定是进行时而过去进行时强调动作的连贯性、一直性。 2. when后通常用表示暂短性动词，while 后通常用表示持续性动词I was getting out of the shower while the UFO arrived 当飞碟到达时我正从浴室往出走。get out of .出去、离开； get into 走进，进入 walk down (=walk along )the street沿着街道走 I was walking down the street when a UFO landed right in front of( 在。 。 。前面 me。当飞碟恰好降落在我眼前是我正走在大街上。 Right(副词)正好：刚好 cut (one s)hair 理发 kid v欺骗；哄骗 You re kidding 你在开玩笑anywhere adv 到处；无论哪里（用于否定句和一般疑问句中）Did you go anywhere yesterday? 你昨天去了什么地方吗？ happen v发生 Sth. happen to + 名词 发生于 身上 She hoped nothing bad would happen to him他希望没有坏事发生在他身上。run away 跑开；迅速离开；逃走 in the barber shop=in the barbers. 在理发店 at the doctors （在诊所；在医院在表示诊所、店铺或某人的家时，经常用名词所有格的形式） She is staying at Marys 她正呆在玛丽家 See sb. Do sth. 看见某人做 (过)某事 She saw the alien get out. 她看见外星人出来 . （amazing惊奇的 amazed感到惊奇的）比 surprising更具意外性in the library 在图书馆 sleep late 睡懒觉 take off (飞机)起飞；脱下（衣帽） on Sunday evening 在星期日晚上 （特指某日如星期、 假日、某月某日或某个特定的上、 下午、晚上用 on）take photos照相 at the train station 在火车站 run away跑开，逃跑 as+adj原形 as和一样 in the tree在树上（树以外） on the tree在树上（树本身） in history 在历史上 for example例如 on the playground 在操场上 in the city of 在市 ten minutes ago十分钟前 take place发生（强调必然性）of course=sure=certainly当然 all over the world=around the world 遍及全世界 outside/inside the station在车站外 /内 next to相邻， 紧贴 hear about/of 听说 （间接听到）in silence沉默不语 an unusual experience 一次不寻常的经历have fun doing sth 干某事有乐趣 have meaning to 对有意义 a national hero 一个民族英雄 for the first time 第一次 how strange it was ！ （How+形容词 +主语+be动词！ ）多奇怪啊！感叹句的构成： What +a/an+形容词 +单数名词 +主语+谓语！What a good book it is!多好的一本书啊！What+形容词 +不可数名词 +主语+谓语！ What cold weather it is! 天气真冷啊！ How +副词+主语+谓语！How hard they are working!他们工作多努力啊！ think about doing sth考虑做某事 I followed to see where it was going.我跟随想看看他将无那里follow sb to do sth 跟随某人做某事Isn t that amazing!难道那不令人惊奇吗！ I was so tired this morning. It was difficult to get out of the bed. 今早我太累了，起床对我来说很困难。 the news of important events重大事件的消息 in the street( 英)也可以用 on the street在街上 be scared =be afraid( 某人)给吓坏了 ,害怕了 be scared of /at sth 害怕某事 Are you scared of snakes? 你怕蛇吗？ be scared to do sth 害怕做某事 shout at sb对某人喊叫 (有斥责之意 ) shout to sb对某人喊叫 arrive, get和 reach的区别。reach地点 =get to地点 =arrive in/at地点 （到达某地） talk on the phone 打电话 buy a souvenir买纪念品 climb a tree爬树 jump down 跳下来 another dog另一只狗 murder sb谋杀某人 for the first time 第一次 the Museum of Flight航空博物馆experience经历 （可数名词）None of the others have lived my experiences . 没有人体验过我的经历。 经验（不可数名词）he has rich experience in teaching 他有丰富的教学经验。World Trade Center in New York was destroyed by terrorists. 纽约的世贸中心被恐怖分子摧毁了Not all events in history are as terrible as this, of course. 当然不是所有的历史事件都和这个一样恐怖。all, both, each,every与 not 连用时，只表示部分否定His flight around the Earth lasted about 22 hours. 他绕地球的飞行持续了大约22 小时。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 6 页名师总结精品知识点第四单元知识点He said I was hard-working. 直接引语 : 直接引述别人的原话, 直接引语必须放在引号内. 间接引语 :用自己话转述别人的话, 间接引语一般构成宾语从句. 直接引语变为间接引语时， 1 通常受转述动词 said ，told, asked等的影响而使用过去化的时态.2 直接引语改为间接引语时， 当原句是陈述由 that 引导 （可以省略）。一般疑问句由直由if 引导变陈述语序，特殊疑问仍由原来的疑问词引导变为陈述语序。祈使句引述动词常用 tell，ask而把间接祈使句变成带to 的不定式短语。 3 人称变化规律（一随主，二随宾，三不变）first of all 首先近义词组 at first/at the beginningdo well in 在某方面做的好in good health 健康 care for 照顾，照料How s it going? 最近好吗？ Forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 (还没有做 )Forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事 (已经做过了 )remember to do sth.记得做某事(还没有做 )remember doing sth. 记得做过某事 (已经做过了 )I said I didnt think it was a good idea for her to copy my homework.注意 :think 用法：如果think 引导的宾语从句，其从句表示否定意思时，不是否定从句，而是否定主句。have a surprise party for sb 为某人举行一个惊喜的派对。I m not mad at Marcia anymore. 我很生玛西亚的气。be/get mad at/with sb.生某人的气 bring sth to sw/sb.把某物带到某地/某人 do a homework project =work on a homework project 做家庭作业notany more 不再Pass on the message。传信 take a message for sb 捎个口信（给某人）leave a message 留言call sb with a message for C打电话给某人让他捎信给C pass sb sth (=pass sth to sb) 把传给某人You were supposed to meet at bus stop this morning . 你们今早应该在公车站见面be supposed to do sth 理应做某事； 被要 I finished my end-of-year exams last week and got my report card today我上周考完期末考试，今天拿到了成绩单。the end-of-year exams 期末考试 get one s report card 收到某人的成绩报告单I always get nervous when I see the envelope from school in the mail.当我在邮件中看到来自学校的信封，通常变得紧张。get nervous 变得不安（ =be stressed out）envelope from 来自 的信封 She said I was lazy . 他说我很懒。 “true”意为“真实的，属实的”It s just that I find science really difficult. 只是我发现科学真的很难Another disappointing result was in history. 另一个失望的结果在历史。disappointing, 令人失望的disappointed 感到令人失望的It all started when she asked me if she could copy my homework. 这一切发生在当她问我她是否能抄我的作业。copy homework 抄作业 She should do her own homework.她应该做自己的作业。own(adj) 属于自己的 “ own” 不可单独使用， 只能用在所有格之后，起加强语气的作用have a really hard time with science 自然课学得很吃力have a hard time with sth/in doing sth某方面吃力或艰难start a bad habit养成/开始坏习惯 I m sure that我确信 sound like fun to sb对你来说听起来是件趣事 the Ministry Education 教育部 sea level 海平面 I was sure she would get over it.我相信她能原谅它。 get over原谅克服从中恢复过来She said helping others changed her life .她说帮助他人改变了她的生活。change ones life=change the life of sb改变某人的生活 The Peking University graduate first went there as a volunteer on a one-year program 北大毕业生在一个一年节目中首先去了那儿当了一名志愿者。The Peking University graduate 北大毕业生 as a volunteer担任支教 on a one-year program在一个一年节目中Every year they send 100 volunteers to teach in Chinas rural areas.每年他们都送 100 名志愿者去中国的乡村地去任教。 Fortunately，Yang Lei s mother agreed with her daughters decision.幸运的是，杨蕾的妈妈同意她女儿的决定。fortunately =luckily幸运地“ fortunately”常修饰整个句子；常放句首或句末。 decision （名词）决定 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事 (=decide to do sth)senior high school 高中 There often isnt money for education. 通常没有钱来接受教育。 I can open up my students eyes to outside world and give them a good start in life.我可以打开我的学生们对外面世界的视野并在生活中给他们一个好的开端。open up 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 6 页名师总结精品知识点ones eyes to the outside world打开某人对外面世界的视open up one s eyes 打开的眼界/ 拓展学生的视野 野 give sb a good start in life给某人生活一个好的开始She said she likes being a good influence in children s lives.她说她喜欢在孩子们的生活中成为一个好的影响。be a good influence in ones life在某人的生活中有一个好的影响make sb. do sth. 使得某人做某事 wild animals 野生动物in danger处于危险中的 dangerous 危险的 I m sorry to hear that he had a bad cold last week.上周听说他感冒了我真的很遗憾send one s love to sb 向某人问好 rural areas边远山区第五单元知识点Unit 5If you go to the party ，you ll have a great time!1. if 条件句用一般现在表示将来的时间2 表示假设的情况可能发生If you do, youll 3 条件状语从句用 if 引导，意为 “ 如果、假如 ” ，主句不能用 be going to表示将来，而应用will 。4 注意宾语从句中的if 与条件状语从句 if 的区别。宾语从句中的 if “是否” 引导宾语从句， 时态需根据语境确定。 I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. 我不知道明天是否会下雨。too much 后接不可数名词（数量多） ”much too 后接形容词“太” much too heavy 太重了 too much water.太多的水 be famous for表示“ 因而出名 ” for 后接表示出名的原因； be famous as则表示 “ 以身份而著名 ”as 后接职业、身份或地位 I want you to remember the rules for school parties. 我想让你记住参加学校聚会的规则want sb to do sth. 想让某人做某事travel around the world 周游世界half the class一半同学half an hour 半小时 a professional athlete 职业运动员 begin the story with the words.以这些话开头讲这个故事begin with “以开始 take away 运走，取走Dont take it away.不要将它拿走 make a living 谋生 He makes living as a driver. 他以开车谋生。Make a lot of money 挣很多钱 Let sb in 允许进入 let sb do sth让某人做某事 be late for 迟到 Becoming a professional athlete might seem like a dream job. 成为一名职业运动员可能似乎是一份理想的职业might (表示可能性， 推测一般表示比may 较低的可能性 ) might seem like 或许看起来像seem like+ 名词 好像，似乎Youll be able to make a living doing something you love. 你能做你喜欢的事来谋生“make a living (by) doing sth ”通过做 来谋生 be able to +动词原形 “ 有能力做某事 ” Doing something you love.做你喜爱的事。 People all over the world will know you.全世界的人将会认识你。 all over the world （全世界） This is a great chance that many people do not have 这是一个许多人所不能得到的难得的机会。have a chane to do stn 有机会做某事 .Watch you all the time and follow you everywhere.一直看着你，你走到哪都跟着你。 all the time 一直 everywhere 副词（adv.）到处 get injured =be injured 受伤 Youll have a difficult time knowing who your real friends are. 你将很难知道谁是你真正的朋友who your real friends are是一个宾语从句（所以用了陈述语序） remember to do sth记得去做某事 remember doing sth记得做过某事 get enough exercise 得到充分的锻炼 go back home 回到家 =return home laugh at you 嘲笑你 join 与 take part in均为“ 参加”join 后面跟一个人，组织， 团体并成为其中一名成员 ”join sb 是“ 参加到某人的行列 ”take part in 指参加（某种活动He took part in the speech competition? 他参加了演讲比赛 in order to 为了 have a party举办聚会 go to college上大学 in fact 事实上 wear jeans穿牛仔裤 get an education接受教育 choose to do选择做某事 Help me organize it 帮助我组织它 help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事 organize sb to do sth 组织某人做某事I ll never become a geart soccer players 我永远都不会成为一个出色的足球运动员“geart ”在此处意为 “ 出色的 ”“伟大的 ” 等同于“famous”“ well-know” 等 Maybe I ll be a lawer.也许我会当个律师“maybe ”意为 “ 可能” ，常放句首精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 6 页名师总结精品知识点=perhapsbring sb to sw 带某人去某地old peoples home敬老院 make life difficult 使生活艰难 play sports for a living 从事运动为生 reasons for支持的理由 reasons against反对的理由 play party games玩聚会游戏 dye one s hair+颜色词染 色头发 Money isn t everything.钱不是万能的 watch a video