2022年初一上册英语知识点大全 .pdf

初一上册英语知识点大全1.Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz元音字母： Aa Ee Ii Oo Uu辅音字母： Bb Cc Dd Ff Gg Hh Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt Vv Ww Xx Yy Zz2.字母发音与单词拼读3.成分：主语，谓语，宾语，定语Starter Unit 1 Good morning1.关于英语名字的性别Name List:First name/ given name:Male (Boy s name)：Bob, Dale, Eric, Frank, Alan, Tom, Mike, Jack, Paul, John, David, Bill, Female (Girl s name): Alice, Cindy, Grace, Helen, Gina, Jenny, Mary, Linda, Jane, Sally, Kate, AnnaLast name/ family name: Brown, Miller, Green, Smith2.基本句型a. Hello (Hi)! Hello (Hi)!b. Good morning (Morning)! Good morning (Morning)! Good Afternoon (Afternoon)! Good Afternoon (Afternoon)! Good Evening (Evening)! Good Evening (Evening)!c. How are you? I m fine (Fine), thanks. How are you (And you)? I m Ok.(I m = I am)Starter Unit 2 What s this in English?1.不定冠词a/an英语中，不定冠词a/an 用于名词之前，泛指“一个”。当所修饰的名词发音为辅音字母开头时，就用不定冠词a; 当所修饰的名词发音为元音字母开头时，就用不定冠词an。例如， a key, a jacket, a map; an apple, an egg, an orange。2.基本句型 What s this in English? It s a / an + 实物名称 . Spell it, please ( How to spell it? ). K-E-Y. ( 单词字母大写 )精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 9 页( What s this in English? = What s the English for sth.?; It s = It is)Starter Unit 3 What color is it?基本句型：a.The key is + 颜色 . (The key is yellow.) b. What s this ( in English) ? It s (Its a/an + 实物 ) Spell it, please. ( How to spell it)? K-E-Y. ( 单词字母大写 ) What color is it? It s + 颜色 . Unit 1 My name s Gina.1.英语国家的姓和名a.姓(Last name/Family name); 名(First name/Given name)b.英语姓名和汉语姓名的位置顺序不同。汉语中，姓+名；英语中，名+姓。c.在非正式场合和熟人之间，英语国家的人往往直呼其名。在正式场合和陌生人之间，人们常常在姓氏前面加上Mr.(先生 ), Ms.(女士 ), Mrs.(夫人，太太 )等称谓。例如，Mr. Black/ Ms. Green/ Mrs. Miller. 2.人称代词（主格） ，人称代词（宾格） ，形容词性物主代词人称代词（主格）I you he/she/it we they人称代词（宾格）Me you him/her/It us them形容词性物主代词(+名词 )My your his/her/its our their3.基本句型a. Hello/Hi/Good morning, My names Gina. What s your name? I m Jenny. Nice to meet you! Nice to meet you, too!b. What s your name? 你叫什么名字？ My name s Helen. = My name is Helen. = Im Helen. = I am Helen. 我叫海伦。 What s his name? His names Jack. = His name is Jack. = Hes Jack. = He is Jack. whats her name? Her names Mary. = Her name is Mary. = Shes Mary. = She is Mary. c. Are you Helen? 你是海伦吗？ Yes, I am. 是的，我是。/ No, Im not. 不，我不是。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 9 页d. Is he/she Jack/Helen? 他/ 她是杰克 /海伦吗？ Yes, he/she is. 是的，他 /她是。 / No, he/she isnt. 不，他 /她不是。4.缩略与完整形式What s = what is Name s = name is I m = I amHe s = he is She s = she is Isn t = is not.5.Numbersa.Zero one two three four five six seven nine ten b.Telephone number = phone number 电话号码c. What s your telephone number/phone number? It s + 数字 . 6.ID card 身份证；（个人身份）信息卡a.First nameMaryLast nameMillerTelephone number/phone number271-988756b. 公共电话号码120， 114， 110，119 我国公共服务电话。911 美国报警电话。Unit 2 This is my sister.1.文化差异在我国， 家庭亲属成员之间的称谓可体现出性别，长幼，血缘关系的亲疏等。例如，性别：爷爷，奶奶；长幼：哥哥，妹妹；血缘关系的亲疏：爷爷，外公，哥哥，表哥，堂哥等。通过称呼便可得知双方的基本关联信息。而在英语国家，在称呼中对辈分，性别，长幼与血缘关系亲疏不做细分。例如，grandfather/grandpa 既可指爷爷， 也可指外公； sister 既可指姐姐， 也可指妹妹； uncle 与aunt 不仅指父亲一方的兄弟、姐妹或他们的配偶，同时也指母亲一方的兄弟、姐妹或她们的配偶； cousin 则泛指堂兄、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹以及表兄、表弟、表姐、表妹。2.Family：表示家庭成员时(families)，谓语用复数；表示整个家庭时，谓语用单数；表示很多家庭时(families)，谓语用复数。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 9 页3.Family TreeGrandfather = grandpa grandmother = grandma father = dad mother = mom Uncle aunt sister brother daughter son cousin 4.This that those these This 这，这个：后面接谓语单数形式That 那，那个：后面接谓语单数形式These 这些：后面接谓语复数形式Those 那些：后面接谓语复数形式And 和，又，而Too 也5基本句型a. That s my family. = That is my family. Those re my brothers. = Those are my brothers.Who s she/he? = Who is she/he?Who re they? = Who are they?And who s she/he? = And who is she/he?b. (Well,) Have a good day, Sally! Thanks(=Thank you)! You, too. Grandfather=grandpa Grandmother=grandmaFather= dadAunt Mother=momUncleDaughterBrother Sister BrotherCousin精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 9 页c.Here are two nice photos of my family. = Two nice photos of my family are here. 这儿有两张我家美好的全家福。（倒装句，将Here 地点状语和谓语are 提前，主语置后。作文加分句。选择题常见。）Unit 3 Is this your pencil?1.人称代词（主格）I you he/she/it we they人称代词（宾格）Me you him/her/it us them形容词性物主代词(+名词 )My you his/her/its our their名词性物主代词Mime yours his/hers/its ours theirs形容词性物主代词：其后接名词：for example: her watch名词性物主代词：相当于形容词无助代词加了名词：for example: Is this your watch? No, it s not mime. It is hers.2.“ s”a.It is a pen. = It s a pen 它是一只钢笔。(此处 s 是 Be动词的一种形式，表示单数。)b.He s Helen s father. = He is Helen s father. 他是海伦的父亲。(靠前的 s意义同上。靠后的s表示名词所有格，用于名词的后边，表示： 的。 )3.This和 that 做主语时，疑问句的回答要用it。These 和 those 做主语时，疑问句的回来用they . For example: Is this your pencil? Yes, it is. It s mime. / No, it isn t. it s hers. Are those her books? yes, they are. They re hers./ No, they aren t. They re mime.4.基本句型a. Is this your pencil? Yes, it is. (Its mime.)/ No, it isnt. its hers. Is that his green pen? Yes, it is. Its mime. / No, it isnt. its his. Are these your books? Yes, they are. They are mime. / No, they arent. They re hers. Are those his keys? Yes, they are. They are his./ No, they arent. They re his. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 9 页b.Excuse me. 劳驾，打扰了。 （常用于询问、求助或请求前。）For example: Excuse me, Grace. Is this your pencil? yes, it is. It s mime. / No, it isn t. it s his. c.What about ?/How about?(what about用于非正式场合中对所谈话题进行反问，或征求对方意见，表示“ 怎么样呢？” “ 又如何呢 ?” what about ? = How about ?) , 可接名词，代词或动词-ing 形式。For example: Id.Thank you for your help. = Thanks for your help. You re welcome. e.Lost and Found.失物招领处f.Ask sb. for it. (sb. = somebody) 去某某某那儿拿。/到某某某那儿领。For example: ask the teacher for it. Ask the office for it. g.E-mail sb. at + 邮箱Call sb. at + 电话号码Please meet sb. at + 地址h.A set of sth. 一套 , 一副 .For example: a set of keys 一串钥匙A set of books 一套书籍A set of music CDs. 一套音乐光碟iMust 情态动词（放于动词前）For example: I must go now. Unit 4. Where s my schoolbag?1.介词 on, in, under.a. on 表示 在上面 (与物体表面接触)。如：on the table 在桌子上on the wall 在墙上The cup is on the table. 茶杯在餐桌上。My books are on the desk. 我的书在书桌上。b. in 表示 在内 (中)(在某一范围之内)。如：in the room 在房间里in the box 在盒子里in Grade Three 在三年级My pen is in the pencil -box. 我的钢笔在文具盒里。There is a fox in the box. 有一只狐狸在盒子里。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 9 页c. under 表示 在下面 (方)。如：under the bed 在床下面under the tree 在树下面My shoes are under the bed. 我的鞋在床下面。His bike is under the tree. 他的自行车在树下面。2.基本句型 Where s the map? = Where is the map? It s in your grandparents room. = It is in your grandparents room. Where are my books? Theyre on the sofa. = They are on the sofa. Is the key on the table? Yes, it is. Its on the table./ No, it isnt. its on the sofa. Are the keys in the box? Yes, they are. Theyre in the box. / No, they arent. They re on the table.(where s = where is)3 疑问句的句式总结a. 疑问词（ Where， Who，How，What ） +谓语 +定语 +主语？b. 谓语（ Is/ Are）+主语 +状语（ In/On/Under ）？ (表示一种猜测 )For example: where is my map? = where s my map? 我的地图在哪儿？Is it on the table? 它在桌上吗？Unit 5 Do you have a soccer ball?1.关于英语中球类运动的词汇a.Tennis和 tennis ball两者都表示“网球”之意，意义却完全不相同：Tennis 是指运动项目名称，即“网球运动”；Tennis Ball则指具体的“球” ，有单复数之分。例如：a tennis ball 一个网球； some tennis balls 一些网球。b.Have a basketball 和 play basketballHave a basketball是指“有一个篮球” ， play basketball是指“打篮球” 。2.Let sb. do sth. (sb. = somebody, do 表示谓语动词, sth.= something)Let s = let us: let s play. Let s ask. Let s play computer game. Let me get it. 让我去拿。Please let your little brother play. 篮球，加不定冠词a篮球运动， 不需要使用其他词汇进行限定精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 9 页3.I thinkI think “我认为， 我想” 。用来表达自己的判断或想法，课放在自己的观点面前或后面。For example: I think he s your brother.You can play the computer game, I think.4.That sounds good.Sound 表示“听上去 .， 听起来 .，听着 ” 。例如：That sounds interesting. 那听起来挺有趣的。5.do 和 does 的用法do 是原形does 是 do 的第三人称单数形式）a.作为行为动词，跟其他动词一样，如study, play 等。他的意思是“做”等。如：We usually do our homework in the afternoon. He does his homework in the evening. b.作为助动词，也就是帮助主要动词构成否定和疑问等。We dont like bananas. 我们不喜欢香蕉。Do you like apples? 你喜欢苹果吗？Does he like English?他喜欢英语吗？He doesnt like swimming. 他不喜欢游泳。上面有一句He does his homework in the evening. （他在晚上做作业）要是变成否定句就成了这个样子：He doesnt do his homework in the evening. （他晚上没有做作业）（这里加上了助动词doesnt ，而原来的主动词does 变成原形do 了。）c.作为助动词的do 和 does 是没有词义的， 它们在句中的构成一般现在时的疑问句和否定句. Do 用于主语第一人称，第二人称和第三人称复数形式的疑问句，陈述句和否定句中，does 用于主语第三人称单数的陈述句中。For example: Do you want to be a teacher? 你想成为一个老师吗？（助动词 +主语 +谓语动词 +宾语）主语第二人称用DoDo his friends go to park every day? 他的朋友们每天都去公园吗？（助动词 +主语 +谓语动词 +宾语）主语第三人称复数用DoI don t like him. 我不喜欢他。主语第一人称用DoWhere does Tom come from? 汤姆来自哪里？主语第三人称用DoesI don t know. 我不知道。主语第一人称用DoHe doesn t live here. 他不住在这儿。主语第三人称用Does。6.But 的用法And 表示连接和承接。例如：Jack and Mary are my cousins. 杰克和玛丽是我的堂兄妹。But 表示转折。例如：I like swimming, but my sister is not. 我喜欢游泳，但是我的妹妹不喜欢。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 9 页7.at 表地点，后面加地点with 表“和；与；跟 一起”后面加人。例如：Now I m with my father at home .我现在和我的父亲在家。Can you go with us?你能和我们一块儿去吗？8.It 形式主语It s adj. for sb. to do sth . （adj. 表示形容词； sb. 表示 somebody 某人； sth. 表示某事： something）真正的主语形式主语精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 9 页