2022年初一下册英语知识点汇总 2.pdf

初一下册英语知识点汇总一. 整理与复习罗列一下我们在初一上学期学过的东西，对我们初一下学期的学习是有好处的。1. 名词所有格名词如要表示与后面名词的所有关系， 通常用名词所有格的形式， 意为的 。一般有以下几种形式：（1）. 一般情况下在词尾加 s 。例如：Kates father Kate的爸爸my mothers friend 我妈妈的朋友（2）. 如果复数名词以 s 结尾，加 ，或加s, 哪种用得顺手， 就用哪个。例如：Teachers Day 教师节The boys games 男孩们的游戏（3）. 如果复数名词不以s 结尾，仍加 s 。例如：Childrens Day 儿童节Womens Day 妇女节（4）. 表示两个或几个共有时，所有格应加在后一个名词上。例如：Lucy and Lilys room Lucy 和 Lily的房间Kate and Jims father Kate 和 Jim 的爸爸动物和无生命事物的名词的所有格一般不在词尾加s ，而常常用介词 of 的短语来表示。a map of China 一幅中国地图the name of her cat 她的猫的名字a picture of my family 我的家庭的一张照片the door of the bedroom 卧室的门(5) 1.Love to do sth.=love doing sth. 2.Take a walk=have a walk 3.enjoy: enjoy doing sth. Have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself. the beginning of. 例：this is beginning of new life. *at the beginning of+时间*at the beginning of+时间there be+ 人（物） +地点*There is a desk and two chairs in the room. *what is(用单数提问 ) on the desk? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 13 页in hospital (住院) 、in a(the) hospital（在医院）例： My uncle is ill, so he is in hospital. talk: to *talk to=talk with(与交谈 ) 例:I often talk my student. with *talk about sb.(sth.) 谈论某人某事 . 开始我们的初一下学期的学习旅程吧！Unit one 一重点短语 ：1 be from = come from 来自于 - 2 live in 居住在 - 解析：live in和 live at的区别live in后面应该加相对较大的地方比如国家城市等 如 live in China live in Wuhan live ai后面则是加相对较小的比如说街道区等 live at Green street live at this road 3on weekends 在周末解析：on weekends/at the weekends区别on weekends 表示“每逢”周末 . 而一般用 at the weekends表示在周末4 write to sb = write a letter to sb 给某人写信；写信给某人5 in the world 在世界上 in China 在中国6pen pal 笔友 14 years old 14岁 favorite subject 最喜欢的科目7the United States 美国 the United Kingdom 英国 New York 纽约8speak English 讲英语解析：speak say tell talk有何不同 ？speak 的意思是“说话”，作不及物动词，通常指说话的能力和方式，也有“演讲，发言”之意；作及物动词时，其后宾语多是表示语言的名词。speak to常表示“同说话”。Say 意思是“说”，强调说话内容。例如： -What are you saying? “你在说什么？”Talk 意思是“谈”，与介词to 或 with 连用表示“与交谈”，与介词about 或 of 连用表示“谈论内容”。例如： May I talk to you? 我可以和你谈一谈吗？tell的意思是“讲”、“告诉”，作及物动词，意为“讲述”、“告诉”，指把一件事或一个故事讲出来，有连续述说的意思，如：tell the truth （说实话）。like and dislike 爱憎9go to the movies 去看电影解析： see a movie/ go to the movies/ see a film都是去看电影的意思。play sports 做运动解析： play + 运动 play soccer play tennis play sports 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 13 页play the + 乐器 play the guitar play with和某人物玩耍二重点句式：1 Wheres your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/ 2 Where does he live? 3 What language(s) does he speak? 4 I want a pen pal in China. 5 I can speak English and a little French. 6 Please write and tell me about yourself. 7 Can you write to me soon? 8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports. 三本单元的国家，人民、语言对应。1 Canada- Canadian- English / French 2 France- French-French 3 Japan-Japanese-Japanese 4 Australia-Australian- English 5 the United States- American- English 6 the United Kingdom-British- Enghish Unit 2 Where s the post office? 一 Asking ways: (问路) 1 Where is (the nearest) ？ （最近的）在哪里？2 Can you tell me the way to ？ 你能告诉我去的路吗？3 How can I get to ？ 我怎样到达呢？4 Is there near here / in the neighborhood? 附近有吗？5 Which is the way to ？ 哪条是去的路？二Showing the ways: （指路）1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿着这条街一直走。2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二个路口向左转。3. You will find it on your right. 你会在你右手边发现它。4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 离这里大约一百米远。5. You d better take a bus. 你最好坐公交车去。（ Youd better+动词原形）三词组1. across from 在的对面 across from the bank 在银行的对面2. next to 紧靠 next to the supermarket 紧靠超市3. between and 在和之间 / among 解析：between the park and the zoo 在公园和动物园之间among 表示位于三者或三者以上之间4. in front of和 in the front of解析： in front of 在前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom. 课室前面有棵树。in the front of 在（内）的前部 There is a desk in the front of the classroom. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 13 页课室内的前部有张桌子。5. behind 在后面 behind my house 在我家后面6. turn left/ right 向左/ 右拐解析： on the left/right of 在某物的左 / 右边 on the left of our school 在我们学校的左边on ones left/right 在某人的左 / 右边 on my left 在我左边7. go straight 一直走8. down /along 沿着（街道） down/along Center Street 沿着中央街9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近10 welcome to 欢迎来到11. take /have a walk 散步12. the beginning of 的开始 , 前端解析： at the beginning of/ in the beginning at the beginning of 在的开始 , 前端in the beginning 起初，一开始13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得开心，过得愉快我昨天玩得很开心。 I had fun yesterday. I had a good time yesterday. I enjoyed myself yesterday. 14. have a good trip 旅途愉快15. take a taxi 坐出租车16. 到达： get to +地方 get here/ there/ home 到这/ 那/ 家解析： arrive in/ arrive at/ reach的区别arrive in +大地方 I arrive in Beijing. arrive at +小地方 I arrive at the bank. reach + 地方17go across 从物体表面横过 go across the street 横过马路解析：go across/ go throughgo through 从空间穿过 go through the forest 穿过树林18on + 街道的名称。 Eg: on Center Street 解析： at + 具体门牌号 +街道的名称 Eg: at 6 Center Street 三重难点解析1enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的乐趣，喜爱做某事I enjoy reading. 我喜爱读书。解析： enjoy doing /finish doing 到目前为止，我们学了两个特殊的动词finish和 enjoy ，都是要带 doing. I finish cleaning the room. 我扫完了这间屋子。2hope to do sth 希望做某事 I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通过这次考试。解析： hope +从句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天将会晴朗。（从句即是一个小句子， 这个小句子又放在大句子中， 从属于大句子， 所以叫从句。如 tomorrow will be fine是一个从句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成句中有句。）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 13 页3. if 引导一个表示假设的句子。解析： If I have much money, I will go to the moon. 如果我有许多钱，我就会去月球。If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket. 如果你饿了的话，你可以在超市买一些食物。四本单元的反义词、近义词配对1new old 2 quiet- busy 3 dirty- clean 4 big- small Unit 3 Why do you like koala bears? 一重点词组eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cute play with her friends kind of South Africa other animals at night in the day every day during the day 二. 交际用语1. Why do you like pandas? Because theyre very clever. 2. Why does he like koalas? Because theyre kind of interesting. 3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa. 4. What other animals do you like? I like dogs, too. Why? Because they re friendly and clever. 5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass. 6. She s very shy. 7. He is from Australia. 8He sleeps during the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves. 9He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day. 10Let s see the pandas first. 11Theyre kind of interesting. 12What other animals do you like? 13Why do you want to see the lions? 三. 重点难点释义1、kind of 有点，稍微解析： Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有点害羞。kind 还有“种类”的意思如：各种各样的 all kinds of We have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school. 2、China n. 中国 Africa n. 非洲解析：China 和 Africa都是专有名词，首字母都应该大写， 而且和介词 in 连用。There are many kinds of tigers in China. There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa. 3、friendly adj. 友好的，和蔼可亲的解析： 它是名词 friend的形容词形式，常常和be 动词连用 , be friendly。The people in Chengdu are very friendly. 4、with prep. 跟，同，和在一起I usually play chess with my father. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 13 页解析： 注意区别与 and 的用法， and通常用于连接主语或宾语，连接主语时，如果有 I, I通常放在 and 之后，如：My father and I usually play chess together. Play with “和一起玩耍”“玩”I often play with my pet dog. Don t play with water! 5、解析： day 和 night 是一对反义词， day 表示白天或一天， night 表示夜或夜晚。通常说 in the day, during the day, at night。Koala bears often sleep during the day and eat leaves at night. 6、leaf n. 叶子解析： 复数形式为： leaves, 类似的变化还有： wife wives, wolfwolves, knife knives 等。7、hour n. 小时；点钟解析： hour 前边通常加上冠词an 表示“一个小时”，即：an hour 。There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour. 8、be from 来自be from = come from Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China. 9、meat n. （食用的）肉，为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即： much meat He eats much meat every day. 10、grass n. 草， 为不可数名词，表示“许多”时，使用much来修饰，即：much grass 。There is much grass on the playground. 四. 语法知识特殊疑问句通常以 “what”、 “who ”、 “which”、 “when ”、 “where”、 “how ”、“how old ”、“ how many ”等开头，对某一具体问题进行提问。特殊疑问句的基本构成有两种情况：1. 疑问句 +一般疑问句结构。这是最常见的情况。例如：Whats your grandfathers telephone number? 你爷爷的电话号码是多少？Who is that boy with big eyes? 那个大眼睛的男孩是谁？Which season do you like best? 你最喜欢哪个季节？When is he going to play the piano? 他什么时候弹钢琴？Where does he live? 他住在哪儿？How are you? 你好吗？How old are you? 你多大了？How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有几个兄弟姐妹？2. 疑问句 +陈述句结构。这时疑问词作主语或修饰主语。例如：Who is on duty today? 今天谁值日？Which man is your teacher? 哪位男士是你的老师？精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 13 页我们学过的 What/How about+名词/ 代词+其他？也是特殊疑问句，它是一种省略结构。例如：I like English. What/How about you? 我喜欢英语。你呢？What about playing basketball? 打篮球怎么样？Unit 4 I want to be an actor. 一短语：1 want to do sth 想要作某事2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 给某人某物 / 把某物给某人3 help sb do sth 帮助某人作某事 Eg: I want to help my mother do some housework at home. 4 help sb with sth 帮助某人谋事 Eg: I want to help my mother with some housework at home 5 in the day 在白天6 at night 在晚上7 talk with/ to sb 和-谈话8 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事 Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher. 9 in a hospital 在医院 l 10 work/ study hard 努力工作11 Evening Newspaper 晚报解析： 提问人的追问 2010-02-11 15:00 我只需要每單元的詞組，能給我嗎，我多給點分，拜托拜托，這學期我英語成績落下來了，想補補回答人的补充 2010-02-11 15:06 二重点句式及注意事项：1 询问职业的特殊疑问词是what； 有三种主要句式 What + is / are + sb? What + does/ do + sb + do? What + is/ are + 名词所有格 / 形容词性物主代词 + job? 2 People give me their money or get their money from me. 3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night. 4 I like talking to people. 5 I work late. Im very busy when people go out to dinners. 6 Where does your sister work? 7 then we have a job for you as a waiter. 8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter. 9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends? 10 We are an international school for children of 5-12. 三 本单元中的名词复数。1 policeman- policemen 2 woman doctor- women doctors 3 thief-thieves Unit 5 Im watching TV 一现在进行时现在进行时的用法表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 13 页现在进行时时间状语及标志性词 now 现在 at this time 在这时 at the moment 现在 look 看（后面有明显的“！”） listen 听（后面有明显的“！”） 现在分词的构成 一般在动词结尾处加ing Eg: gogoing look-looking 以不发音字母 e 结尾的动词，去 e 加 ing 。Eg: writewriting close-closing 以重读闭音节结尾的动词， 如果末尾只有一个辅音字母， 应先双写这个字母，再加 ing. Eg: get getting runrunning ( swim, run, put,get,sit,begin) 现在进行时的构成肯定句 : 主语+ am/is/are+ doing +其他+时状. Eg: He is doing his homework now. 否定句：主语 +am/is/are +not+ doing+其他+时状. Eg: He is not doing his homework now. 一般疑问句： Am/Is/Are +主语+ doing+ 其他+时状？ Eg: Is he doing his homework now? 肯定回答： Yes,主语 +am/is/are Eg Yes, he is. 否定回答： No, 主语+am not/isn t/aren t Eg: No, he isnt. 二短语：1do ones homework 做某人的作业do housework 做家务2talk on the phone 在电话里交谈，讲电话解析： talk about 谈论talk to(with)sb 和某人交谈3write a letter 写信write a letter to sb 给某人写信4play with 和一起玩5watch TV 看电视TV show 电视节目6wait for sb/sth 等待某人 / 某物7some of 中的一些8in the first photo 在第一张照片里（介词用in, 序数词前面有 the ）解析： in the last photo 在最后一张照片里a photo of ones family 某人的家庭照片9at the mall 在购物街解析： at/in the library 在图书室at/in the pool 在游泳池10read a book = read books = do some reading看书阅读11thanks for = thank you for 为某事而感谢（后接动词要用ving ）三 重点句式及注意事项：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 13 页1 他正在干什么？ What is he doing? 解析： 他正在吃饭。 He is eating dinner. 他正在哪里吃饭？ Where is he eating dinner? 他正在家里吃饭。 He is eating dinner at home. 2 你想什么时候去？ When do you want to go? 让我们六点钟去吧。 Let s go at six oclock. 3 他正在等什么？ What is he waiting for? 他正在等公交车。 He is waiting for a bus. 4 他们正在和谁说话？ Who are they talking with? 他们正在和 Miss Wu 说话。 They are talking with Miss Wu. 5 你们正在谈论什么？ What are you talking about? 我们正在谈论天气。 We are talking about the weather. 6 他们都正在去上学。 They are all going to school. 7 这儿是一些我的照片。 Here are some of my photos. 这儿是一些肉。 Here is some of meat. (some of meat不可数，故用 is) 8 谢谢你帮我买这本书。 Thank you for helping me buy this book. 9 family 家；家庭。强调“整体”，是单数；强调“成员”时，是复数。His family has a shower. 他们家有一个淋浴。His family are watching TV. 他全家在看电视。Unit 6 Its raining! 一短语：1 take photos/ pictures 照像2 take photos/ pictures of sb/ sth 给某人或某物照相3 have a good timehave funhave a great tame 玩得愉快4 work for sb / sth 为某人工作Eg: Yuan Yuan works for CCTVs Around The World show 5 on vacation 度假Eg: There are many people here on vacation. 6 解析： some-others- 一些另外一些 one the others . 一个另一个（两者之间）Eg: There are many students in the classroom. Some are writing, others are reading. 7 解析： put on 穿上（动作） wear 穿着（状态）Eg: Tom is putting on his coat now. 8 on the beach 在沙滩上Eg: Tom and his family are playing on the beach at this moment. 9 this group of people 这一群人10. in this heat 二重点句型1How is the weather? 天气怎么样？ In the raining. 在下雨。2What are you doing? 你正在做什么？ Im watching TV. 我在看电视。3What are they doing? 他们在做什么？ They are studying. 他们在学习。4What is he doing? 他在做什么？ He is playing basketball . 他在打篮球。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 13 页5What is she doing ? 她在做什么？ She is cooking . 她在做饭。三重难点解析1 询问天气情况的句式： (横线内容可替换 ) How is the weather in Beijing? (How is the weather today?) Whats the weather like in Beijing? ( What s the weather like today?) 2 回答上面问题的句式：It s + adj. (形容词 ) Eg: Its windy. 3 Hows it going (with you)? Not bad. Great! Terrible! Pretty good. 4 Thank you for joining CCTVs Around The Word show. 5 I am surprised they can play in this heat. 6 Everyone is having a good time. 7 People are wearing hats and scarfs. wear 指穿衣服的状态。 put on 指穿衣服的动作。四谈论天气的日常用语1. Its sunny/rainy/cloudy. 今天是晴天 / 雨天/ 阴天。2. Lovely weather,isnt it? 天气真好，是吗？3. It looks like rain. 看起来要下雨。4. Its raining cats and dogs. 正是瓢泼大雨。5. It seems to be cleaning up. 天似乎要转晴。6. Its blowing hard. 风刮得很大。7. Its snowing heavily. 正在下大雪。8. The snow won t last long. 雪不会持续太久。9. Its very foggy. 雾很大。10. The fog is beginning to lift. 正在收雾。11. Its thundering and lightening. 雷电交加。12. What s the weather like today? 今天天气怎么样？13. What s the weather report for tomorrow? 天气预报明天怎么样？14. Its quite different from the weather report. 这和天气预报相差很大。15. Its rather changeable. 天气变化无常。16. What s the temperature? 温度是多少？17. Its two below zero. 零下二度。18. The temperature has dropped a lot today. 今天温度低多了。Unit7 What does he look like? 一短语1 look like 看起来像 . 2 curly /short/straight/long hair 卷短直发3 medium height/build 中等高度身体4 a little bit 一点儿精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 13 页5 a pop singer 一位流行歌手6 have a new look 呈现新面貌7 go shopping (do some shopping) 去购物8 the captain of the basketball team 篮球队队长9 be popular with sb 为- 所喜爱10 stop to do sth 停下来去做某事11 stop doing sth 停止正在做的事情12 tell jokes/ stories 讲笑话 / 讲故事13 have fun doing sth 愉快地做某事14 remember ( forget) to do sth 记得（忘记）做某事（没有做的）15 remember (forget) doing sth 记得（忘记）做过某事（已做）16 one of - -中的一个二本单元的重点句：1 Is that your friend? No, it isnt. 2 What does she look like? 3 I think I know her. ( I dont think I know her.) 4 Wang Lin is the captain of the basketball team. 5 Shes a little bit quiet. 6 Xu Qian loves to tell jokes. 7 She never stops talking. 8 She likes reading and playing chess. 9 I don t think hes so great. 10 I can go shopping and nobody knows me. 11 Now he has a new look. 三重难点解析1 What does/ do +主语 + look like? 询问某人的外貌特征，看上去什么样？Eg: What does your friend look like? 2 形容头发时，可按照先长短，后曲直，最后说颜色的顺序说。Eg: She has long curly black hair. 3 one of + 名词复数 ，谓语动词要用“单三”形式。Eg: One of his friends is a worker. 4 不定代词做主语时，谓语动词要用“单三”形式。修饰不定代词词，应该放在它的后面Eg: I can go shopping and nobody knows me. 5He is (通常为形容词，包括身高、体形等) He has（通常为形容词修饰的名词，包括头发、五官）He wears（穿、戴、留。可以是衣服、帽子、鞋子等，也可以是眼镜、手表、胡须）6I don t think的用法表达否定的看法 I don t think she is good-lo