2022年初中现在完成时讲解和练习_ .pdf

现在完成时I.定义：1.表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。2.也可以表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态II.现在完成时的结构have/has+ done (过去分词 ) 注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die，marry，buy 等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait等，常和since（自从）或for（经历）引导的词语连用。如： I have lived here for more than thirty years. 我已在此住了30 多年。III.现在完成时的时间状语1.ever, never, twice（ once ） , so far（到目前为止）, , already （肯定句）, yet （否定，疑问句）, just( 刚刚 ), before （以前）, recently（近来）等词连用2.Since+时间点， for+ 时间段，in the past/last few years 表示短暂时间动作的词，如:come，go，die， marry，buy 等的完成时不能与for，since 等表示一段时间的词连用。用来持续的动作或状态或表过去重复的动作，如live，study，be，wait 等，常和 since（自从）或for （经历）引导的词语连用。说明： already 与 yet 都有 “ 已经 ” 的意思，但already 常用于肯定句，并用于句中。yet 常用于否定句和疑问句，并用于句末。例如：I have already finished my homework. I haven t finished my homework yet. Have you finished your homework yet?They have left. ( 他们已经离开了,也就是说现在他们人不在这里) I have had my lunch. ( 我已经吃过午饭了,也就是说我现在不饿) I can t find my watch now. I think I have already lost it.注意：1)现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用, 如 yesterday, last week, three years ago 等; 2)不能与 when 连用IV.现在完成时的用法A表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。例如：The car has arrived.车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）B. 表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“ 现在 ” 在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如 for+ 时间段、 since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long 等。例如：My uncle has worked at this factory for five years. 我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从 2002 年 Mr. Black 一直住在中国。How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？用相应的延续性动词替换短暂性动词，句中谓语动词用现在完成时，时间状语为 “for 时间段 ”或“ since时间点 ” 。如：He has been in the Green China for three years. He has been a member of the Green China for three years.他加入 “ 绿色中国 ” 已经三年了。The old man died 4 years ago.- The old man has been dead for 4 years. He joined the Party 2 years ago.- He has been in the Party for 2 years. I bought the book 5 days ago.- I have had the book for 5 days. 表示时间段的短语有: for+ 一段时间 (for 2 years), since+ 从句 (since he came here), since+ 时间点名词 ( since last year, since 5 days ago),how long; for a long time等。V.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别1 一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。I saw this film yesterday. （强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。 ）I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）2 一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如： ago, last week/.in 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday, yesterday .then(那时 ), that day, one day, once(从前 ) 现在完成时常和recently（近来），ever, never, twice, so far（到目前为止） , since，for ，in the past/last few years , already（肯定句）, yet （否定，疑问句）, just( 刚刚 ), before （以前）连用。现在完成时不与表示过去的时间状语连用。现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. VI.比较have/has been to 、have/has gone to 和 have been in have(has) been to.表示 “ 曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了” ，可以和 ever、 never、twice 等连用。have(has) gone to表示 “ 已经去了某地， 在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来” 。 have(has) been in 表示“ 在某地呆多长时间” ，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 等He went to Shanghai last week 上周他去了上海He has been to Shanghai. 他(曾经 )到 /去过上海 .(但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了) He has gone to Shanghai.他已经去上海了.(也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里 ) Mr. Brown has been in Shanghai for three days. 布朗先生来上海已经有三天了六过去分词1 、规则动词： 规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。work-worked-worked ,visit-visited-visited (2)、以 “ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。live-lived-lived , 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 4 页(3)、以 “ 辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将y 变为 i ，再加 “ ed ”。study-studied-studied ,cry-cried-cried (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。stop-stopped-stopped , drop-dropped-dropped 2 、不规则动词：AAA 型burst burst burst hurt hurt hurt let let letcast cast castcost cost costcut cut cut hit hit hitput put putshut shut shutspread spread spread set set set read read read read 原形发音为 /ri:d/, 过去式和过去分词发音为/red/ AAB 型 beat beat beaten ABA 型become became becomerun ran runcome came come 特殊情况ABB 型bring brought broughtbuy bought boughtbuild built built burn burnt burntcatch caught caughtdig dug dug feel felt feltfight fought foughtfind found found hear heard heardhold held heldkeep kept kept lay laid laidlead led ledlose lost lost make made mademeet met metsell sold sold shoot shot shotsit sat satstand stood stood sweep swept sweptteach taught taughttell told told think thought thoughtwin won won ABC 型begin began begunblow blew blownbreak broke broken choose chose chosendraw drew drawndrive drove driven drink drank drunkfly flew flownforgive forgave forgiven forget forgot forgottenfreeze froze frozengive gave given grow grew grownknow knew knownride rode ridden rise rose risenring rang rungshake shook shaken sing sang sungsink sank sunkswim swam swum throw threw thrownwrite wrote written 七瞬间动词（ buy, die, join, come ，go ,leave, join ）不能直接与for since 连用。要改变动词buy-have borrow -keep go out-be out begin-be on come/arrive/reach/get to-be in leave -be away finish-be overopen-be open close -be closed die-be dead 1.have代替 buy My brother has had( 不能用 has bought) this bike for almost four years. 2、用 keep 或 have 代替 borrow I have kept(不能用 have borrowed) the book for quite a few days. 3、用 be 替代 become How long has your sister been a teacher? 4、用 have a cold 代替 catch a cold Tom has had a cold since the day before yesterday. 5、用 wear 代替 put on b)用 “be 形容词 ” 代终止性动词1、be married 代 marry 2、beill 代 fall (get) ill 3、be dead代 die 4、beasleep代 fall (get) asleep 5、be awake 代 wake/wake up 6、begone 代 lose,die,sell,leave 7、be open代 open 8、be closed代 close/shut 9、be missing(gone,lost)代 lose c)用“be 副词 ” 代终止性动词1“be on” 代 start, begin 2“be up” 代 get up 3“be back(to) ”代 return to, come back to, go back to 4“be here (there)”代 come(arrive, reach, get) here 或 go (arrive, reach, get) there 等等d)用 “be 介词短语 ” 代终止性动词1. “be in/at + 地点 ” 代替 go to /come to2.用 be in the army 代替 join the army 3. “be in/at + 地点 ” 代替 move to 常用瞬间动词变延续性动词表：1. have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw. have been in sw./at相应的介词2. have come/gone back/returned have been back 3. have come/gone out have been out4. have become have been5. have closed / opened have been close/open6. have got up have been up； 7. have died have been dead；8. have left sw. have been away from sw.9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep have been asleep；10. have finished/ended/completed have been over；11. have married have been married；12. have started/begun to do sth. have done sth. ；13. have begun have been on14. have borrowed/bought have kept/had 15. have lost havent had16. have put on have worn17. have caught /get a cold have had a cold；18. have got to know have known19. have/has gone to have been in20. have joined/have taken part in the league/the Party/the army have been a member of/ have been in/ have been the Party s member/ 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 4 页现在完成时练习（一）一、用过去时或现在完成时填空：1. “ _ you _ (have) lunch ?” “ Yes. ”“ When _ you _ (have) it?” “ I _ (have) it at 12:00.”2. “ _ you _ (write) a letter to your aunt yet?”“ Yes, I _. I _ (write) one last week.”3. “ _ he _ (finish) his homework?” “ Not yet.”4. “ _ they ever _ (be) abroad?” “ Yes, just once.”5. Your father _ just _ (finish) his work. 6. Your father _ (finish) his work just now. 7. Last term I _ (learn) many English words. 8. They _ (not read) the interesting books yet. 9. He _ never _ (go) to the science museum. 10. _ you ever _ (drink) coke? 11.Have you _ (buy) a dictionary? “ “ Yes, I _ .”“ Where_ you _(buy) it?” “ I _(buy) it in a bookstore.”“ When _ you _ (buy) it?” “ Yesterday.”二、单项选择。( )1. The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year . . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written ( )2. Have you met Mr. Li _ ？. Just . ago .before .a moment ago ( )3. How long have you _ here ? About two months . . been . gone . come . arrived ( )4. Our country _ a lot so far . Yes. I hope it will be even _ . has changed; well changed ; goodhas changed better . changed; better ( )5. _ you _ your homework yet ? Yes. I _ it a moment ago. .Did; do; finished .Have; done; finished .Have; done; have finished . will; do; finish ( )6. We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . . know . had known . have known . knew ( )7. Harry Potter is a very nice film. I _ twice. . will see . have seen . saw .see ( )8. These farmers have been to the United States . Really? When _ there ? . will they go .did they go . do they go . have they gone ( )9. Zhou Lang _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study . has ; studied . are; studying ( )10.His father _ the Party since 1998 . .joined . has joined . was in . has been in ( )11.Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made ( )12.He has _ been to Shanghai, has he ? . already .never .ever . still ( )13.Hurry up! The play _ for ten minutes . . has begun . had begun . has been on . began ( )14.It _ ten years since he left the army . . Is . has . will . was ( )15.Miss Green isnt in the office. She_ to the library. .has gone . went .will go . has been ( )16.My parents _ Shandong for ten years. . have been in . have been to. have gone to . have been ( )17.The students have cleaned the classroom, _? A. so they B. don t they C. have they D. haven t they( )18.has Mr. White been a member of Greener China since he to China? A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived ( )19.His uncle for more than 9 years. A. has come here B. has started to work C. has lived there D. has left the university 20、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . A.Did ; do ; finished B.Have ; done ; finished C.Have ; done ; have finished D.will ; do ; finish 21、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . A. joined B. has joined C. was in D. has been in 22、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . A. were B. have been C. have become D. have made 23When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away 24. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in 24.The factory _ since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 25.Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made 26.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over 27.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught 30. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead 31. He _ at eight yesterday afternoon . A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept 32.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 33.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been 35.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take 40.- How long can I _ the book?- Two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. get D. keep 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 4 页四、用 have/has been to/in, have gone to 及 go 的各种形式填空。1) Where is Jack? He _ his country. 2) David _ _ the park just now. 3) John _ _ England since he came back. 4) How long _you _ _ this village? 5) The Smiths _ _ Beijing for years. 6) _ you ever _ _ America? - Yes, I _ _ there many times. 7) I _ _ this school since three years ago. 8) Where is Jim? He _ _ the farm. 9) When_ _ he _ _? He _ _ an hour ago. 10) Would you like to _ _ the zoo with me? -Yes, but I _ _ there before. 五、延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化1.He died 10 years ago. He _ for 10 years / since 10 years ago. 2. He borrowed the book 2 weeks ago. He _the book for 2 weeks. 3. He bought the motorbike a month ago. He _the motorbike for a month. 4. He arrived here three days ago.He _here since three days ago. 5. They turned off the light 2 hours ago. The light _for 2 hours. 6. He left here 2 years ago. He _from here for 2 years. 7. The film began 30 minutes ago. The film _ for 30 minutes. 8. They opened the door an hour ago. The door _ for an hour. 9. They closed the door an hour ago. The door _for an hour. 10. He joined the army last year. He _ a _ for a year. He _ the army for a year. It _ a year _ he joined the army. 现在完成时练习（二）单项选择。1、Both his parentslook sad. Maybe they _whats happened to him .（2014 呼和浩特） . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _ ？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two years . is writing .was writing .wrote .has written5、Our country _ a lot so far . Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ; well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . knew8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、These farmers have been to the United States . Really ? When _there ?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone10、_ you _ your homework yet ? Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finished . will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12、Do you know him well ? Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made13、How long have you _ here ? About two months . been . gone . come . arrived 14 、Hurry up! The play _for ten minutes. has begun . had begun . has been on . began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 4 页