2022年英语中考必考短语语法 .pdf

2013 年英语必考短语、词组归纳由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。复习时应分类处理：一、动词 +介词1look at看， look like 看上去像 ， look after 照料 2listen to听 3welcome to 欢迎到 4say hello to 向 问好 5speak to对 说话此类短语相当于及物动词，其后必须带宾语，但宾语无论是名词还是代词，都要放在介词之后。二、动词 +副词“ 动词 +副词 ” 所构成的短语义分为两类：A动词（ vt.）+副词 1put on 穿上 2take off 脱下3write down记下此类短语可以带宾语，宾语若是名词，放在副词前后皆可；宾语若是人称代词，只能放在副词的前面。B动词（ vi ）+副词。1come on 赶快 2get up 起床 3go home 回家4come in 进来 5 sit down 坐下 6stand up 起立此类短语属于不及物动词，不可以带宾语。三、其它类动词词组1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games 介词短语聚焦 “ 介词 +名词 /代词 ” 所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16 常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。1in+语言 /颜色 /衣帽等，表示使用某种语言或穿着。2in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade 等，表示 “ 在 排/队/班级 /年级 ” 等。3in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示 “ 在上午 /下午 /傍晚 ” 等一段时间。4in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示 “ 在书桌 /铅笔盒 /卧室里 ” 。5in the tree 表示“ 在树上(非树本身所有 ) ”；on the tree 表示 “ 在树上 (为树本身所有 ) ” 。6in the wall 表示 “ 在墙上（凹陷进去）” ；on the wall 表示 “ 在墙上（指墙的表面）” 。7at work （在工作） /at school（上学） /at home （在家）应注意此类短语中无the。8at + 时刻表示钟点。9like this/that表示方式，意为 “ 像 这/那样 ” 。10of 短语表示所属关系。11behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等，表示方位、处所。12from 与 to 多表示方向，前者意为“ 从” ，后者意为 “ 到” 。另外，以下这些短语也必须掌握。如：on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on ones bike等。重点句型大回放 1I think意为 “ 我认为 ” ，是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I don t think，2give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为 “ 把给” ，动词 give 之后可接双宾语，可用这两种句型；若指物的宾语是人称代词时，则只能用 give it/ them to sb. 3take sb./ sth. to意为 “ 把(送)带到 ” ，后常接地点，也可接人。4One , the other /One is and one is意为 “ 一个是 ；另一个是 ” ，必须是两者中。5Let sb. do sth. 意为 “ 让某人做某事 ” ，人后应用不带to 的动词不定式， 其否定式为Don t let sb ，do sth.，或 Let sb. not do sth. 另外，Let s 与 Let us 的含义不完全相同，前者包括听者在内，后者不包括听者在内，6help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为 “ 帮助某人做某事 ” ，前者用不定式作宾补，后者用介词短语作宾补，二者可以互换. 7What about ？/How about ？意为 “ 怎么样？ ” 是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。about 为介词，其后须接名词、代词或 V-ing 等形式。8It s time to do / It s time for sth. 意为 “ 该做 的时间了 ” ，其中 to 后须接原形动词，for 后可接名词或V-ing 形式。9like to do sth./like doing sth.意为 “ 喜欢做某事 ” ， 前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作；后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作，10ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为 “ 让某人 (不要 )做某事 ” ，其中 ask sb.后应接动词不定式，11show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为 “ 把某物给某人看” ，该句型的用法同前面第2 点。12introduce sb. to sb. 意为 “ 把某人介绍给另一人” ；introduce to sb. 则是 “ 向某人作介绍 ” 。重点短语快速复习 1.kinds of 各种各样的2. eithe r or 或者 或者 ，不是 就是 3. neither nor 既不 也不 4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 11 页5. take a seat 就坐6. home cooking 家常做法7. be famous for 因 而著名8. on ones way to 在 途中9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院10. at the end of 在 的尽头，在 的末尾11. wait for 等待 12. in time 及时 13. make one s way to往 （艰难地）走去14. just then 正在那时15. first of all 首先，第一16. go wrong 走错路17. be/get lost 迷路18. make a noise 吵闹，喧哗19. get on 上车20. get off 下车 21. stand in line 站队 22. waiting room 候诊室，候车室23. at the head of在 的前头24. laugh at 嘲笑25. throw about 乱丢，抛散26. in fact 实际上27. at midnight 在半夜28. have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得愉快29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架30. take one s temperature 给某人体温31. have/get a pain in某处疼痛32. have a headache 头痛33. as soon as 一 就 34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事35. stop from doing sth. 阻止 干某事36. fall asleep 入睡 37. again and again 再三地，反复地38. wake up 醒来，叫醒39. instead of 代替40. look over 检查 41. take exercise 运动42. had better(not) do sth. 最好（不要）干某事43. at the weekend 在周末44. on time 按时 45. out of 从 向外46. all by oneself 独立，单独47. lots of=a lot of 许多 48. no longer/more=not any longer/more 不再49. get back 回来，取回50. sooner or later 迟早 51. run away 逃跑52. eat up 吃光，吃完53. run after 追赶 54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物55. take(good) care of =look after (well) （好好）照顾，照料56. think of 考虑到，想起57. keep a diary 坚持写日记58. leave one by oneself 把某人单独留下59. harder and harder 越来越厉害60. turn on 打开（电灯、收音机、煤气等）61. turn off 关重温重点句型 1So + be 助动词情牵动词主语前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用到这种倒装结构，表示“ 另一人（物）也如此。” 前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人（物）时，常用 “Neither/ Nor + be助动词情态动词+主语 ” 这种倒装结构。注意： “So+主语 +be助动词情态动词” 这一句型常用于表示赞同，进一步肯定对方的看法，表示“ 的确如此。 ”“是呀。 ” 2Turn right left at the first second crossing. 这一指路的句型意为“ 在第一二 个十字路口向右左拐。” 相当于 Take the first secondturning on therightleft. 3It takes sbsome time to do sth 此句型表示 “ 干某事花了某人一段时间。” 其中的 it 是形式主语，后面的动词不定式（短语）才是真正的主语. 4 think find + it + adj. + to do sth. 此句型中的it 是形式宾语，不可用其它代词替代，形容词作宾语的补足语，后面的动词不定式（短语）才是真正的宾语。5What s wrong with？此句型相当于What s the matter/ trouble with？后跟某物作宾语时，意为 “ 某物出什么毛病了？” 后跟某人作宾语时，意为 “ 某人怎么了？ ” 6too to 在 so that 复合句中， that 后的句子是否定句时，常与简单句too to （太 而不能 ）进行句型转换。在 sothat 复合句中， that 后的句子是肯定句时，常与简单句enough to 进行句型转换 . 7Sorry to hear that. 全句应为 I m sorry to hear that. 意为 “ 听到此事我很难过（遗憾）。” 常用于对别人的不幸表示同情、遗憾之意。重点句型、词组大盘点 1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她过去是一位汉语老师。用法 used to + 动词原形，表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态，含有现在不再如此之意。搭配 used to do 的否定式可以是usedn t to do 或 didn t use to do. 比较 used to do sth. 过去常做某事；be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事；be used to do sth. 被用来做某事。2. retu rn it sooner or later. 迟早要将它归还。用法 l)sooner or later 意为 “ 迟早 ” 、“ 早晚 ” 。2)return 此处用作及物动词，意为“ 归还 ” ，相当于 give back. 拓展 return 还可用作不及物动词，意为“ 返回 ” ，相当于 go back 或 come back。3.No matter what the weather is like无论天气 用法 no matter what 相当于 whatever ，其意为 “ 无论什么 ” ，引导状语从句。拓展 类似 no matter what的表达方式还有：no matter when无论什么时候;no matter where无论什么地方no matter who无论谁no matter how 无论怎么样4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green. 一位年经人与格林先生练习讲英语。用法 practise doing sth. 表示 “ 实践、练习（做）某事” 。拓展 practice 名词， “ 实践 ” 、“ 实施 ” 、“ 练习 ” ；put a plan into practice实行某计划。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 11 页5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans. 他鼓励大家参加保护我们的湖泊、河流和海洋的活动。用法 1)encourage 用作动词，意思是“ 鼓励 ” 、“ 支持 ” 。 2)take part in“参加 ” ，常表示参加活动。3)protect 是动词，表示 “ 防御 ” 、“ 保护 ” 。搭配 1)encourage sb. in sth. 在某事上鼓励或支持某人encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人干某事2)protect sh. from sth. 使某人不受某事侵袭或伤害6. to warn people about sharks in the water. 警告人们当心水里的鲨鱼。用法 warn 用作动词，意思是“ 警告 ” 、“ 警戒 ” 。搭配 1)warn sb.+ that 从句2)warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事3)warn sb. to do sth. 告诫某人做某事4)warn sb. against(doing) sth. 告诫某人当心某事/不要做某事重点句型、词组大盘点1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她过去是一位汉语老师。 用法 used to + 动词原形，表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态， 含有现在不再如此之意。 搭配 used to do 的否定式可以是usednt to do或 didnt use to do. 比较 used to do sth. 过去常做某事； be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事；be used to do sth. 被用来做某事。短语总结1.It s time for sth. 该到做某事的时间了. It s time to do sth.(It s time for sb. to do sth) 该到 (某人 )做某事的时间了. 2. can t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地要求做某事. 3. ask (tell)sb. (not )to do sth . 请(告诉 )某人 (不)做某事 . 4. make/let sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事 . 5. hear/see/sb. do sth 听见 /看见某人做某事. 6. had better(not )do sth 最好不做某事 . 7. It s better to do sth最好做某事8. It s best to do sth最好做某事9. enjoy doing 喜欢做某事10. finish doing 结束做某事11. keep doing 继续做某事12. keep on doing sth. 继续做某事13. carry on 继续做某事14. go on 继续做某事15. feel like doing喜欢做某事16. stop to do sth 与 stop doing sth 停下来去做某事(与)停止做某事 . 17. forget/remember to do 与 forget/remember doing sth.忘记 /记得去做某事 (与) 忘记 /记得曾经做过事. 18. keep(precent,stop)sb. from doing sth阻止 /防止 /阻栏栽人做某事19. prefer .to 喜欢 .胜过 20. prefer to do sth. rather than do ath.宁愿做某事 ,而不原做某事 . 21. used to do sth.过去常常做某事 . 22. What s wong with ? .出了问题 (事)? 23. have nothing to do with . 与 .无关24. be busy doing sth . 在忙于做某事25. too .to . 太 以致知于不 26. so that 如此 . 以致知于不 27. such .that如此 . 以致知于不 28. It take sb. some time to do sth . 某人做某事用了一些时间. 29. spend .on sth.(doing sth.)花钱 /时间做某事 . 30. pay .for sth.花费 (钱)买某物 . 31. What /how about ? .怎么样 (好吗 )? 32. would like to do sth .想要 /愿意做某事 . 33. I don t think that我认为 不 . 34. Why not do sth.? Why don t you do sth .?为什么不做某事呢? 35. What do you mean by .?你. 是什么意思 ? 36. What do you think of .(How do you like .)你认为 . 怎么样 ? 37. Mike enjoys collecting stamps . So do I. 迈克喜欢集邮 .我也也喜欢 . 38. The more, the better . 越多越剧好 . 39. Thanks for doing sth. 谢谢你做了某事. 40. It is said that . 据说 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、 look at (感官动词 )+ do eg :I like watching monkeys jump 2 （比较级and 比较级）表示越来越怎么样3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟（容易）4 agree with sb 赞成某人5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样6 all over the world = the whole world 整个 世界7 along with 同一道，伴随 eg : I will go along with you 我将和你一起去the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样9 as you can see 你是知道的10 ask for 求助向要（直接接想要的东西）eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事13 at the age of 在岁时eg：I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of 的起初； 的开始15 at the end of + 地点 /+时间最后；尽头；末尾eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause + 从句感觉 /对什么有信心，自信精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 11 页eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test 18 be + doing 表： 1 现在进行时2 将来时19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原）能够 eg : She is able to sing She can sing 20 be able to do sth 能够干什么eg :she is able to sing 21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧，害怕 eg : Im afraed to go out at night Im afraid of dog 22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么eg: Im allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视23 be angry with sb 生某人的气eg : Dont be angry with me 24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气25 be as原级 as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高26 be ashamed to 惭愧27 be away from 远离 28 be away from 从 离开29 be bad for 对什么有害eg : Reading books in the sun is bad for your eyes 在太阳下看书对你的眼睛不好30 be born 出生于31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于 32 be careful 当心；小心33 be different from和什么不一样34 be famous for 以 著名35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好36 be from = come from 来自eg ：He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ? 37 be full of 装满 的be filled with 充满eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water 38 be glad+to+do/从句 39 be going to + v( 原）将来时40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长 , 善于 41 be good for 对什么有好处eg : Reading aloud is good for your English 42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处44 be in good health 身体健康45 be in trouble 处于困难中eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble 46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣47 be late for = come late to 迟到   eg: Be late for class 上课迟到48 be like 像eg : Im like my mother 49 be mad at 生某人的气50 be made from 由 制成 (制成以后看不见原材料) 51 be made of 由制成 (制成以后还看得见原材料) 52 be not sure 表不确定53 be on a visit to 参观54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎55 be quiet 安静56 be short for 表*的缩写eg: 陶 is short for 陶俊杰57 be sick in bed 生病在床58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you 59 be sorry to hear that 60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you 61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事eg : Hes strict in obeying noles 62 be strict with sb 对某人要求严格eg: Some students are not strict with them selves 这些学生对自己不严格63 be strict with sb in sth 某方面对某人严格64 be supposed to do 被要求干什么65 be sure 表确定 66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well 67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心eg: Im sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑（老师）68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心eg: Im suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试69 be sure to do sth 一定会做某事 eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语70 be terrified of + 名/动 doing 害怕 71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事72 be the same as 和什么一样73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早起He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉He is used to working hard He is used to hard work 他习惯努力工作74 be worth doing 值得做什么75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物be afraid that 丛句76 because+ 句子because of +短语 eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache 77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事start with =begin with 以什么开始什么eg : Lets begin the game with the song I begin to go home 78 between and两者之间 79 borrow sth from sb 向 借lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给 什么东西eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen 80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同81 bother 打扰bother sb to do sth 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 11 页 eg : Im sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station 我十分道歉打扰你，但是你能告诉我怎么去车站the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了Hes bothering me to lend him money 82 by the end of 到 为止 83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang 84 care 关心eg : Dont you care about this countrys future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来85 catch up with sb 赶上某人86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈take sb to + 地点带某人去某地87 come in 进来 88 come over to 过来89 come up with 提出eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗？90 communicate with sb 和某人交流91 consider + doing 考虑做什么eg : Why not consider going to lu zhou 为什么不考虑去泸州？92 dance to 随着 跳舞eg : She likes dancing to the music 她喜欢随着音乐跳舞93 decide to do sth 决定做某事 94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查95 do better in 在方面做得更好96 do wrong 做错 97 Dont forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事98 Dont mind +doing / 从句/名词不要介意 99 each + 名（单）每一个eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书100 end up +doing 101 enjoy +doing 喜欢102 escape from 从 逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison 犯人从监狱里逃跑出来Some gas is escaping from the pipe 有一些气体从管子里冒出103 expect to do sth 期待做某事104 fall down 摔下来fall off 从哪摔下来105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么106 far from 离某地远eg : The school is far from my home 107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样？eg : I find the book interesting 109 finish 完成 +doing（名词）110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人111 forget to do 没有做而忘了forget doing 做了而又忘了eg: Dont forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from to 从某某到某某eg: From me for her 113 get /have sth down 做完，被（别人）做 eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发 (头发被剪了）Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了（被牙医拔掉了）114 get a part-time job = find a part-time job 115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处117 get ready for = be ready for 为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻烦119 get sb to do sth 120 get from 从某处得到某物121 give a talk 做报告 122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物123 go fishing 钓鱼go swimming 游泳124 go on to do 去做下一件事go on doing 继续做这件事125 go out away from go out of 126 go to school 上学（用于专业的）go to the school 去学校（不一定是上学）127 good way to 好方法 128 hate to do 讨厌没做过的事hate doing 讨厌做过的事129 have a party for sb 举办谁的晚会130 have a talk 听报告谈一谈131 have been doing 现在完成进行时eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since 132 have been to (地方） 去过某过地方have gone to （地方）去了某地还没回来133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴134 have sth to do 有什么事要做eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做135 have to do sth 必须做某事136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦137 have time +doing138 have(时间 ) off放 假eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事140 help a lot 很大用处141 help sb with sth ones sth 帮助某人某事（某方面）help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事142 hope to do sth 希望做某事143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing) 144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法145 if : 是否 wether eg: I dont know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会He dont know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达146 if :如果 ?! eg: Ill go to LuZhou if it doest rain 假如明天不下雨，我就去泸州If they chang