2022年动词时态 2.pdf

学习必备欢迎下载深州中学二轮复习专题XXX 动词时态一 一般现在时主要用于下面几情况：1) 描述当前时间内经常出现、反复发生的动作或存在的状态。在这种情景中，句子常带有表示频率的时间状语：always , everyday , often , once a week (month , year , etc.) , sometimes , seldom , usually 等等，以表示句中的动作或状态是习惯性的、经常性的。例如：They raise ducks as a sideline .他们以养鸭为副业。She doesnt often write to her family, only once a month. 她不常给家里写信，仅一月一封而已。I cycle to work every day . 我每天骑自行车上班。It seldom rains here .这儿很少下雨。2）仅为了描述状态、性质、特征、能力等等。这里的目的是为了描述现阶段的动作或状态，其重点 不是强调动作发生的时间、或进行的状态 。例如：He can speak five foreign languages . 他能说五种外语。That is a beautiful city . 那是座美丽的城市。Changjiang River is one of the longest rivers in the world. 长江是世界上最长的河流之一。She majors in music .她主修音乐。All my family love football .我全家人都喜欢足球。My sister is always ready to help others . 我妹妹总是乐于助人。3) 陈述客观事实、客观真理。顾名思义，客观的情况是没有时间概念的；也 不会在意动作进行的状态。例如：The sun rises in the east .日出东方。The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转。Ten minus two is eight. 十减二等于八。Light travels faster than sound . 光的速度比声音的速度快。The United States lies by the west coast of the Pacific Ocean. 美国位于太平洋西岸。4) 一些与 travel（旅行）有关的动词和其它少量动词，可用于一般现在时，表示按规定计划安排要发生的动作。这样的动词常见的有：arrive ,be , begin , come , close , depart , dine , end , go , leave , open , return , sail , start , stop 等。例如：The train leaves at 10:05 a.m. 这列火车上午十点另五分开。The plane from Hainan arrives at 6 p.m. 从海南来的飞机下午六点到。When does our school begin? 我们学校什么时间开学？5) 根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。例如：Ill tell him the news when he comes back. 他回来时，我将告诉他这个消息。If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 如果你接受这份工作，他们将和你谈谈细节。用于一般现在时的副词，除了上面提到的一些表示频率的以外，常见的还有：now, today , nowadays 等等。强化训练：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载二 一般过去时主要是用来描述在过去某个时候发生的动作或存在的状态。它也可以用来表示在过去某段时间里经常发生的习惯性动作。这一点在表达意义上与一般现在时相同，只是所在的时间区域不同而已。 由于它的主要作用如此，所以在使用一般过去时的句子里常常有一个意义较具体的过去时间状语。这也是它与现在完成时的最大区别之一。一般过去时由谓语动词的过去式表示，也就是说动词词末要加-ed（除不规则动词外） 。常和一般过去时连用的过去时间状语有：last night (week , month , year , century , etc.) , yesterday , the day before yesterday , yesterday morning ( afternoon , evening ) , in 1999 , two hours ago ( one week ago , tree years ago , )等等。使用一般过去时，在某种意义上说就是要强调动作或状态发生或存在于过去的某个时候。过去 的时间概念有两层意思：一是指现在某个时间 以前的时间；二是指说话、写文章的那个时间点 以前的时间，在这个意义上，现在的那个时间点是很小很小的，甚至于小到无法量化的程度。例如：He got his driving license last month. 他上个月拿到了驾照。-Wheres Jim? 吉姆在哪里？-He just went out. 他刚刚出去。强化训练：三 一般将来时主要用来描述将要发生的动作或存在于未来的情况。这里所说的将来时间 是指 说话、写文章那一刻以后的时间。它的表示方法主要有如下几种：1）shall / will + 动词原形这种表示方法是说，动作在现在或目前还未发生，要在将来的某个时间内发生；它没有主观性，是纯粹的将来动作。例如：I shall / will not be free tomorrow .我明天没空。He will arrive here this evening . 他今晚抵达这里。2) be( am / is / are ) + going + 不定式这种表示方法主要是说明A）说话人的意图、打算；B） 某种可能性 。例如：A) He is going to spend his holidays in London . 他打算在伦敦度假。Who is going to speak first? 谁先发言？B) It is going to rain soon . 马上要下雨了。Is he going to collect any data for us? 他会帮我们收集资料吗？If you go to New Zealand, you are going to like the place. 如果你去新西兰，你会喜欢上那个地方的。3) be( am / is / are ) + 不定式表示方法描述两钟情况：按计划安排要发生的动作，这个动作发生的时间一般不会很远；要求或命令他人做某事。例如：A) The new bridge is to open to traffic in three days. 新桥三天后通车。The factory is to go into production before National Day. 这家工厂国庆节前投产。B) You are not to bring any mobile communication means into the exam-room . 任何移动通讯工具都不得带入考场。You are to stay home until your mother comes back. 你妈回来之前你不要出去。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载4) 用一般现在时或现在进行时（限于某些动词）表示按计划安排要发生的事。这种表示方法实际上已经在上面一般现在时之4）中谈过。 主要强调 按计划安排要发生的事。例如：Do you get off at the next stop? 你下一站下车吗？The plane takes off at 11:00 a.m. 那架飞机上午十一点起飞。Mr. Reider is leaving for New York next week. 里德先生下周动身去纽约。强化训练：四 过去将来时表示过去的某时以后将要发生的动作。但这个将来 时间绝不会延伸到现在 ；而仅限于 过去时间区域内。由此可以看出，含这个时态的句子常带一个表示过去某个时间点的状语。这个状语或是一个短语，或是一个句子。这个时态常用于：A）宾语从句或间接引语中；B）表示过去习惯性的动作；C）表示过去情况中的愿望 、 倾向 ，多用于否定句。例如：A) When I thought about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 当我考虑这件事时，我想知道他们的反应是什么。She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告诉我，她第二天要去欧洲旅行。He didnt expect that we would all be there. 他没料到我们会全在那儿。B) During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day. 在那段时间，他每天早锻炼。Whenever he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 无论他什么时间有空,他总是帮他妈妈干点家务活。C) No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多难，他总会坚持不懈地把它干完。They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他们知道我们绝不会允许发生这样的事。Even after the lecture ended, the audience would not leave . 甚至在讲座结束之后，听众仍不肯离去。强化训练：五 现在进行时主要用来描述 说话、写文章的当刻正在发生的动作，或是现阶段 一直在进行的动作。它适用于下面的情况：1）说话、写文章的当刻正在发生的动作。例如：They are having a football match . 他们正在赛足球。She is writing her term paper. 她正在写学期论文。Someone is asking for you on the phone. 有人找你听电话。2）现阶段 一直在进行的动作。这种情况并不是说某个动作在说话的那会儿正在发生，而是说某个动作在当前一段时间内一直在进行着，或是重复地发生着。例如：He is preparing for CET Band Six. 他在为大学英语六级考试作准备。How are you getting along with your new job？ 你那份新工作干得怎么样？3）表示说话人的情感，如：赞许、批评；喜欢、厌恶等。这时的动作并不是正在发生或进精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载行，而是表示经常性，相当于一般现在时 所描述的情况。例如：He is always thinking of others , not of himself . （表示赞许）他总是为他人着想，而不为自己。She is often doing well at school. （表示满意）她在学校学习挺不错的。Are you feeling better today? （表示亲切）你今天觉得好一些吗？One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about. （表示不满） 我的一个室友老是乱扔东西。Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us . （表示不喜欢）有些推销员老是敲我家的门,向我们推销他们的产品。4）表示在近期按计划或安排要发生的动作,用于这种情况仅限于少量的动词，如：go , come , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch( 吃午饭) , return, dine ( 进餐，尤指晚餐) , work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear( 穿，戴) 等。例如：Im dinning out with my friends this evening. 今晚我将和朋友在外面吃饭。An American professor is giving a lecture this afternoon. 今天下午一位美国教授要来作报告。We are having a holiday next Wednesday. 下周三我们放假。Are you staying here till next week? 你要在这儿呆到下星期吗？强化训练：六 过去进行时主要表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作。 由于它的定义是表示在过去的某个时间点上正在发生、进行的动作，所以，句子常带有一个表示过去某个时间点的状语。这个状语可能是短语，词组，或是一个从句。也可能是通过上下文来表达这层意思。过去进行时主要用于下面的情景中：1）表示在过去某时刻正在进行的动作，例如：At this moment yesterday, I was packing for camp. 昨天这个时候，我正在收拾东西去露营。When I came to see her last time, she was writing an article. 上次我来看她的时候，她正在写一篇文章。What were you doing at eight last night ? 昨晚八点钟你在做什么？2）用于故事的开头，交代故事发生的背景情况。过去进行时所描述的动作是正在进行 ，所以，在这种情景中用过去进行时 可以给读者一种动感 ，从而能使文章更加生动活泼。例如：One night, he was typing in his study . Suddenly , a man broke into his house and cut off the electricity .一天晚上，他正在书房里打字。突然，一个人闯进屋来，切断了电源3)（仅限少数动词）表示在过去的未来时间要发生的动作。例如：When National Day was coming near , they began to make a plan for the holiday . 国庆节即将来临的时候，他们开始制订度假计划。She told me that she was going to Hainan for her holiday. 她告诉我她将去海南度假。My friend said to me that he was lunching with one of his customers that day .我朋友对我说，他今天要与他的一位客户一块儿吃午饭。We left there when its getting dark. 天快黑的时候，我们离开了那儿。强化训练： 1. We _(test )the new machine when the electricity_(go) off. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载2. It was quite late at night. Tom _(read )and Amy _(play ) her needle when they _(hear ) a knock at the door. 3. While We _(wait) for the bus, a girl_ (run ) up to us. 4. Was your farther at home yesterday evening? Yes, he was. He was _(listen) to the radio. 5. They _(not make) a model ship when I saw him. 答案 :1. were testing; went 2. was reading ;was playing; heard 3.were waiting; ran 4. listening 5. were not making 七 将来进行时主要表示： A）在将来某时候正在进行的动作；B）预计、安排即将发生或势必发生的动作。例如：A）在将来某时候正在进行的动作：You can have a meeting in my office on Friday . I wont be using it. 星期五你可以在我的办公室开会。那会儿我不用它。What will you be doing tomorrow morning? 明天上午你做什么？It wont be long before that we will be making a new computer for more advanced calculation. 不久我们就要造一部新计算器进行更高级的运算。I cant go to the party tonight . Ill be seeing off a friend .今晚我不能参加聚会了。我要给一位朋友送行。B）预计、安排即将发生或势必发生的动作：在这里，将来进行时与一般将来时很接近，但是前者强调动作按计划、安排要发生；间或也表示委婉、客气，而后者只表示动作会在未来时间发生。We shall be meeting at the school gate .我们在校门口见面。What shall we be doing next ? 我们干什么？If you dont do so , you will be facing great difficulties. 你如果不这样做就会面临很大的困难。Shall I be interrupting you if I stay here for a while? 要是我在这儿呆一会儿，会干扰你们吗？强化训练 1.What_ you_(do) this time tomorrow? 2. The street lights_(go)on when night falls. 3. Joe_(play)the piano in a few minutes. 4. I _ (visit)my grandmother at three this afternoon. 5. “ Can you attend the party tonight?”“ No, I_ (see)the boss about something urgent.”Key:1.will be doing 将来某时正在做某事。2.will be going 表示对将来某时正在进行动作的推断。3. will be playing 4.shall be visiting 预计将来某时正在进行的动作。5.shall be seeing 将来某时预计正在做某事。：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载八 现在完成时对于初接触现在完成时的人来说，往往会产生一种茫然，因为它似乎与一般过去时相似。那就是，这两种时态描述的动作都始于过去。其实不然， 现在完成时主要表示，发生在过去的动作延续到现在刚刚完成、或许还要延续； 侧重于这个动作对现在带来的结果、产生的影响、积累的总和等等。而一般过去时则只不过是表示动作发生在过去的什么时候。弄清了这一区别，就很容易理解现在完成时了。它主要适用于下面的几种情况：1）表示截止现在业已完成的动作By now, I have collected all the data that I need . 到现在为止，我已收集到了我所需的全部资料。She has read 150 pages today . 她今天已看了150 页。We havent met for many years .我们已多年没见了。They have developed a new product . 他们研制成功了一种新产品。2）表示发生在过去而对现在产生影响、带来结果的动作Have you had your dinner? 你吃晚饭了吗？She has been to the United States. 她已去美国了。You have grown much taller. 你长高了许多。3）表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，并可能还要延续It has been five years since he joined the army . 他参军五年了。They have learned English for eight years . 他们已学了八年的英语了。So far weve only discussed the first five chapters. 至今我们还只讨论了前五章。强化训练： 1. I want to buy that kind of cloth because I _ (tell) the cloth _ (wash) well. 2.The past two years _(witness)a sharp rise in oil price, which adds to the burden of auto transportation industry. 3The price _(go down), but I doubt whether it will remain so. 4.-oh, no! We are too late. The train _.(leave) -That s ok! We will catch the next train to London. 5.Jonny, I can t believe how much you have changed! You _ (grow)at least one foot! Key: 1. have been told ; washes 2. has witnessed 3. has gone down 4. has left 5. have grown 九 过去完成时表示在过去某个特定时间以前发生的动作，一直延续到那个特定时间刚刚结束，或还要继续延续。但是，决不会延续到现在。另外，过去完成时是一个相对的时态。它是与一般过去时相对而言的。 也就是说，在一般情况下，我们不会一起句就用过去完成时；而往往是在交代了 过去的某个特定时间以后， 根据需要和可能才选用过去完成时的。这种时态主要适用于下面的情况 : 1) 两个动作都发生在过去，如果要强调它们的先后，先发生的动作用过去完成时，后发生的用一般过去时；如果不强调它们的先后，则都用一般过去时。She suddenly remembered that she had left her cellular-phone in the taxi. 她突然想起来她将她的手机留在计程车上了。I congratulated them on the new achievement that they had gained. 我祝贺他们取得新成就。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载The telephone rang no sooner than he had come into the house. 他刚一进屋，电话铃就响了。2) 有时用过去完成时来追述或补述更早发生的事I had planed to make a trip to Europe. But now Ive changed my mind. 我原计划去欧洲旅行的。现在我改变主意了。It turned out that there had been a lot of petty thefts in that area .No wonder the police mistook the man in shabby clothes for a thief. 原来， 那个地方常有小偷小摸的情况发生。难怪那个衣衫褴缕的人被警察误认为是小偷了。3) 过去完成时也用于间接引语 和虚拟语气 的句子中She said to me that she had seen that film .她对我说，她看过那部电影。If you had come to me yesterday, I would have told you the news. 如果你昨天来我这儿，我就告诉那条新闻了。强化训练： 1He was unhappy when he sold his guitar. After all , he _(have) it for a very long time. 2.By three o clock yesterday afternoon we_ the work. 3. We _(hope)to catch the 9:30 train , but we failed to. 4. -what a mistake! -Yes. I _(suggest)his doing it another way, but without success. 5.It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _(do)for me. Key: 1. had had 2. had finished 3. had hoped 4. had suggested 5. had done 十 现在完成进行时表示， 发生在过去的某个动作延续到现在刚刚完成，或许还要继续延续；这种时态侧重于这个动作的连续性，或者说不间断性。当谓语动词是be 时，用现在完成时就可以表示现在完成进行时。例如：Ive been waiting for you for the whole morning. 整个上午我一直在等你。It has been raining for three days. 雨连续下了三天。Where have you been? 你去哪儿啦？She has been busy preparing the exhibition since we met last time 自我们上次见面以来，她就一直忙着筹备那个展览。强化训练： 1. I am tired out, I _(shop)all afternoon and I don t seem to have finished anything. 2. Tom _(work)in the library every night over the last three months. 3. I have to see the doctor because I _(cough)a lot lately. 4. I m sure Andrew will win the first prize in the final. I think so. He _ （prepare）for it for months. (2008江苏 ) 5. Now that she is out of job, Lucy _ （consider ）going back to school， but she hasn t decided yet.Key：1. have been shopping 2. has been working 3. have been coughing 4 has been preparing 5. has been considering 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载强化训练：1Until we have discussed all the details ，no decision _ about any new operations. Awill be made Bis made Cis being made Dhas been made 答案A 解析考查时态。until 引导的时间状语从句中现在完成时表示的是将来的动作，所以，主句用一般将来时。2In the past few years thousands of films _ all over the world. Ahave produced Bhave been produced Care producing Dare being produced 答案B 解析In the past few years 为现在完成时的标志，主语“ 电影 ” 和谓语动词 “produce”为动宾关系，所以用完成时的被动语态。3Sorry.I would have come earlier ，but I _that you were waiting. Adidn t know Bhadn t knownCdon t know Dhaven t known答案A 解析考查动词的时态。句意为：对不起，我该早来的，但是我不知道你一直在等我。前半部分用的是虚拟语气，是对过去情况的虚拟，后半部分叙述的是一个事实，意思是当时我不知道你在等，所以用一般过去时。4We d better take umbrellas I m sure it _ when we arrive in London；it s always wet there at this time of year. Awill rain Bis raining Cwill be raining Dwould rain 答案C 解析考查动词的时态。 when 引导的是时间状语从句，一般现在时表示的是将来的动作，表示将来某个时间点正在进行的动作，用将来进行时，故选C。5Close the door of fear behind you ， and you _ the door of faith open before you. (2012 湖南， 25) Asaw Bhave seen Cwill see Dare seeing 答案C 解析句意为：关上你身后的惧怕之门，你就会看到信心之门在你面前敞开着。该句为：祈使句 and陈述句。根据句意，陈述句谓语应该用一般将来时态。6I had been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers_before my eyes.(2012 新课标全国， 33) Aswim Bswum Cswam Dhad swum 答案C 解析句意为： 整个下午我都在做数学题，众多数字在我眼前晃来晃去。本题中的误导信息是 had been working on ， 这是过去完成进行时态，受其误导易选D 项， 但是这里应用swam精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载陈述过去的事实，所以选C 项。7 You ve got your flat furnished ，haven t you? Yes.I _ some used furniture at the Sunday Market and it was a real bargain. Awill buy Bhave bought Chad bought Dbought 答案D 解析考查时态。由后面的was 可以看出，买二手家具是过去的一个动作，所以用一般过去时。8In the weeks before the Academy Awards ceremony ，movie reviewers make predictions about which movies and actors_. Ahave awarded Bwill award Care awarded Dwill be awarded 答案D 解析考查时态和语态。由make predictions 可以看出，动作还没有发生，所以用将来时，电影和演员是被奖励的，所以用被动语态，故选D。9Look! Somebody_the sofa. Well，it wasn t me.I didn t do it.(2012江西， 26) Ais cleaning Bwas cleaning Chas cleaned Dhad cleaned 答案C 解析从后面的回答可以看出事情已经完成了，前面一句是着重谈对现在的影响，用现在完成时态。句意为： 看，有人已经清理了沙发。 嗯，不是我，我没有做。10 Can I call you back at two o clock this afternoon? I m sorry，but by then I _ to Beijing.How about five？(2012 陕西， 24) Afly Bwill fly Cwill be flying Dam flying 答案C 解析考查动词时态。 根据问句中的two o clock 和答句中的by then 可知所填词表示的动作在当时正在进行，用将来进行时，故选C。11It was a pity that when we got to the cinema ， the movie _ ，so we saw only the end of t. Awas finishing Bhas just finished Cjust finished Dhad just finished 答案A 解析考查时态。由下文的so we saw only the end of it 可以看出，我们到的时候电影还没有放完，看到的是结尾，也就是说马上要放映完了，所以用过去进行时表示过去将来时。12 She _ volleyball regularly for many years when she was young. Awas playing Bplayed Chas played Dhad played 答案B 解析考查时态。 由后面的时间状语when she was young 来判断， 这是客观的叙述过去的一个动作， 所以应该用一般过去时。如果忽略了when she was young， 仅仅从 for many years判断，就会误选C。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 12 页学习必备欢迎下载13 Have you seen Tom recently? No.He _ for a software company overseas. Aworked Bhad worked Cis working Dwas working 答案C 解析考查时态。答语承前省略了标志词recently