2022年小升初英语动词专题讲解及练习--包括be动词和行为动词的比较_助动词和情态动词 .pdf

1 动词一、 动词 ing （现在进行时）动词加 ing的变化规则直接加 ing cook-cooking swing-swinging eat-eating draw-drawing 以不发音的 e 结尾， 去 e加 ing dancedancing make-making, writewriting rideriding havehaving skateskating have-having take-taking hike-hiking 双写末尾的辅音字母run-runningswim-swimmingget-gettingshopshopping二、 动词加 S：（三单的一般现在时）动词 +s的变化规则直接加 -s cookcooks, looklooks, likelikes以 o. s. x. sh. ch. 结尾，加 -es dodoes,gogoes watchwatches, washwashes 以“ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾，变 y 为 i, 再加-es study studies fly flies元音字母（ a i e o u) +y 结尾，则直接加 s: buybuysplay plays saysays特殊： have-has He has a small nose. 三、 动词过去式动词过去式变化规则1. 规则变化动词末尾加 -ed cook-cooked，cleaned, washed, listened, looked, played 结尾是 e加 d taste-tasted, loved, used, liked 双写末尾的辅音字母stop-stopped plan-planned 以“ 辅音字母 +y” 结尾的，变y为 i， 再加 -ed study-studied worry-worried 2.不规则动词过去式：词义原形过去式词义原形过去式是am, is (be) was 走go went 是are (be) were 有have, has had 买buy bought 受伤hurt hurt 来come came 制造make made 做do, does did 唱歌sing sang 画draw drew 睡觉sleep slept 吃eat ate 跑run ran 感觉feel felt 说say said 飞fly flew 看见see saw 读read read 听到hear heard 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页2 四、be 动词和行为动词的用法区别1. Be动词包括：is, am, are, was, were 2. 实义动词：某个实际做出来的动作词语，如：swim, wash, do, go, buy, fly, sleep等等。3. 要注意的是：小学阶段，当一个句子出现了be动词，那就没有实义动词，两者是“水火不容” 的，只能二选一。1)Be动词后面可以加名词 : I am a student. My father is an engineer. 2）Be动词后面加形容词：I am tired. You are very happy. They were very excited. He is tall/short/strong/thin.3）实义动词后面不加形容词，加名词或动名词。正确：I went to the park last Sunday. 错误：I was went to the park last Sunday. （）正确： They ate good food at the restuant last night. 错误：They were ate good food at the restuant last night. （）4）只有一种情况两者必须同时存在：那就是现在进行时: 如： I am watching TV now. Look, Mary is sweeping the floor. Listen! The girls are singing in the classroom. 练习：一、用动词的适当形式填空。1. May _(listen) to the music now. 2. Our teacher _(like) us very much. 3. Tom didn t _ (do) his homework last night. 4. Lucy and Mary _(be) my classmates. 5. She _(be) tired. 6. I _(be) taller than you. 7. Look, they _(play) football now. 8. He _ 12 years old last year. This year he _(be) 13. 9. Her parents _ (be) in the zoo now. 10. Mike _ (climb) mountains every weenkend. 二、翻译句子1. -昨天你去游泳了吗？ -去了。-_ you _ swimming yesterday? - Yes, I _. 2. 玛丽看上去很累，她昨晚做什么了？Mary _ _, what _she _ last night. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页3 五、助动词 do 注意：1. 时态变化 : 现在时 过去时：dodid2. 人称变化：第三人称单数：dodoes3. 当句子出现助动词do时，千万要小心，它后面的动词必须用原型。4. 一个句子出现助动词的情况：1）否定句： I don t like playing football. 2）一般疑问句：Does Mary often clean her room? 3）特殊疑问句：What did you do last night? When do you go to school? How does Amy go to school? 5. 一个句子不需要出现助动词的情况：1）肯定句：I like apples. 2）有 be 动词的否定句：I am not a girl. 3）有 be 动词的一般疑问句：Are you happy? 4）有 be 动词的特殊疑问句： What are you doing?Where are you? What time is it now? 6. 注意区分助动词do与实义动词 do 的区别：助动词 do 没有实际的意思，只做结构性词语，实义动词do 是“ 做” 的意思 .。 如：do homework, do housework, do the dishes练习巩固：用助动词的适当形式填空：1._ you do your homework last night? 2.We _( 否定形式 ) help her clean her room yesterday. 3._Jack do his homework every day? 4.How _ your mother go to work? 5._ she often go swimming on the weekend? 6.When _ you get up yesterday morning? 7.What _ your father do? 8.Tom _(否定形式 ) like playing football. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页4 六、情态动词：我们现在学过的情态动词有：can, will, would, may, must, should, shall 。情态动词后动词总是用原形，用法与助动词do 一样。(1) Can “能，能够 ”. I can sing and dance. . I cant sing and dance.用在疑问句里，请求别人的允许。Can I have some rice, please? (2)will “将” 在祈使句或者一般将来时出现Will you go with me? (祈使句) I will buy a bike tomorrow. (用于将来时时态 ) (3) should “应该”You should go to sleep now. (4) must “必须” have to “不得不 ”You must do your homework. I have to go home now. She has to wash her clothes every day. 练习：1.I can climb trees. _? （改为一般疑问句）_.（改为否定句）2.I will _ 3. I like_. A. go shopping B. going shopping C. go shop4. Mary _(不得不 ) do her homework last night. 5. You _( 必须) clean the room. - 练习：用动词的适当形式填空1. He _ (live) in Wuxi two last year 2. The cat _ (eat) a bird last night. 3. We _ (have) a party last Halloween. 4. Nancy _ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week. 5. I _ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday. 6. They _ (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson. 7. My mother _ (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival .8. The girls _ (sing) and _ (dance) at the party. 9. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon. 10. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week. 11. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _(go) to school by bike. 12. - What do you usually do at weekends? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页5 -I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects? 13. - It s Friday today. What _ she _ (do) this weekend? -She _(watch) TV and_ (catch) insects. 14. Mary _ (visit) grandparents tomorrow. 15. I _ _ _ _ (see) a film tomorrow. 16. A: What _ you _ _ _ (do) next Saturday ？B: I _ _ _ _(swim) with my parents. 17. There _ (be) a party in our school. 18. Mike _ _ (visit) his grandparents next week. 19. He often _(have) dinner at home. 20. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 21. We _ (not watch) TV on Monday. 22. Nick _ (not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 23._ they _ (like) the World Cup? 24. What _they often _ (do) on Saturdays? 25._ your parents _ (read) newspapers every day? 26. The girl _ (teach) us English on Sundays. 27. She and I _ (take) a walk together every evening. 28. There _ (be) some water in the bottle. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页