2022年高中英语完形填空解题技巧3 .pdf
高中英语完形填空解题技巧历年完形填空题特点：1.语境为主，语法极少，强调应用，注重交际；2.干扰性强，重细微辨析；3.实词为主，虚词为辅4.纵观历年英语高考，会发现有些词和语法点是命题组特别偏爱的，例：名词 :voice, customer; 形容词 :surprise, impossible; 副词 :immediately, successfully;动词 :go, come, annoy, continue 等经常出现在选项中，且多为正确5. 侧重上下关联, 暗示判断能力。6.文章中出现的词在选项中复现，常为答案记叙文对于叙事，描述类文章。短文的首句，往往点明故事发生的人物(who),时间（ when） ，地点(where)，和事件 (what) 等背景情况。例：It was a busy morning ，about 8:30,when an elderly gentleman in his 80s came to the hospital . 议论文1、议论文的设题往往多以上下文为基础，利用承前信息或滞后信息，使读者有所依托。2、议论文中表达作者态度或看法的词较多，所以，试题中对形容词和副词的考查往往也较多。问题跳跃性较大。我们做题时，既要看事实，又要感悟作者的态度与情感。对于论述文，首句表明了论述的主题。起到揭示主题的作用。例如：A man who knows how to write a personal letter has a very powerful tool. A letter can be enjoyed, read and 21 . 说明文1、说明文直白性较强，脉络清晰。2、说明文的层次清晰，整体性强，所以，递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。解题步聚1、英语完形填空解题步骤速览全文，把握大意。2、细读首句，摸清文路。3、瞻前顾后，准确选择。4、复核全文，调整答案。做完形填空必须读懂文章，前后逻辑一致；完形填空每个小题的正确答案都是有充分根据的，可以在文章汇总找到具体的突破口也就是信息点。解题时应联系上下文寻找相关线索，如某一个词的原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、上义词、下义词和概括词等。完形填空三忌：1、忌不看首句，直奔空格处作答。2、忌当做语法填空来做。完形填空很多选项必须根据上下文才能选出，不是孤立的看本句话。3、忌先入为主，一气呵成。做题时先填把握的空格，对不是很有把握的先放一放，在后文的到答案或在做完全文后回头看才会获得答案。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 5 页技巧一、首句信息完形填空通常首句不设空，目的是让考生迅速进入主题，熟悉语言环境，建立正确的思维导向。英语中首句通常是文章的主题句，把握了主旨句对于理解全文和解题很有帮助。先跳读首句，便可判断体裁 ，猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了when, where, who, what ，即四个 W，那么就是记叙文， 很可能就是一个故事；若首句是提出或解释说明某事物，一般来说是说明文； 若首句提出一个论点，那么就是议论文。Evelyn Glennie was the first lady of solo percussion in Scotland. In an interview, she recalled how she became a percussion soloist (打击乐器独奏演员) in spite of her disability.本文主要讲述的是苏格兰第一位女打击乐器独奏演员Evelyn Glennie 在耳聋的情况下成功学习打击乐器的经历。根据首句给出的信息，下面我们可以猜想Evelyn Glennie 学习打击乐器过程必然充满困难，而能够在耳聋的情况下学习打击乐器，Evelyn Glennie 对音乐肯定也是充满热情的。(广东卷 )It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes. The _1_ is based on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的 ) growth by _2_ situation that has designed for the _3_ children. 1. A. principle B. theory C. argument D. classification2. A. designing B. grouping C. learning D. living3. A. smart B. curious C. mature D. average二、 注意前后语境，暗示信息考查考生根据上下文提供的信息进行分析及推理的能力。考生在做题时要有全局观念，进行连贯性思维，做题时要把每个空白处的含义与前后句的意思联系起来理解，进行合乎逻辑的推理判断。难选之处通常前后多有暗示。这种暗示多为后面暗示前面。（广东卷）“As a matter of fact, Ive got someone in the office at this very moment who might _49_. ” She wrote down a number, and held it out to me, saying: “Ring up this lady. She wants a cook immediately. In fact, you would have to start tomorrow by cooking a dinner for ten people.”49. A. hire B. accept C. suit D. offer三、注意固定搭配，熟记常见句型，考查考生对常见的英语固定短语和习惯用法的掌握情况。如动词与名词的搭配；动词与介词或副词的搭配；介词与名词的搭配等。这类搭配在高考完形填空中时有出现。I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talk with them _44_the telephone.44. A. with B. by C. from D. on(陕西 )The second rich man, seeing the worrying situation, stopped for a short time and gave the villagers all his food and drink, since he could see that money would be of little _34_ to them. 34. A. interest B. concern C. use D. attraction四、注意词语辨析考查考生在特定语境中区别近义词的能力。四个选项词性相同，意义相近， 要求在特定的语境中区分它们之间的细微差别。一般说来，其中的两个选项容易排除，难辨的是两个。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 5 页Although I last met this man eight years ago, I have not forgotten his _37_ qualities. First of all 37. A. basic B. special C. common D. particular（全国卷）Once he _42_ sang a song in class in order to make a point clear.42. A. also B. nearly C. even D. only五、注意经验常识考查考生在日常的学习和生活中所积累的经验和基本常识，以及一些基本的科学常识。如文化科学、 历史地理、风俗民情等方面的知识。考生在做题时，若能积极地调动自己的文化背景和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，特别是注意中西文化的差异，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间，顺利地沿作者的思路阅读。（北京卷）But we run so much that, afterwards, we had trouble _45_.A. speaking B. moving C. sleeping D. breathing（山东卷） When they discovered that Black Wednesday were going to perform at our local theatre, they all bought _38_ for performance. 38. A. flowers B. drinks C. clothes D. ticketsAfter _ the British flag at the Pole, they took a photograph of themselves before they started the 950-mile journey back. A. Growing B. putting C. planting D. laying 【解析】根据常识， 南极地区冰雪覆盖， 须费好大的劲将旗插进极地，plant 在这里的意思是 “安插” “插牢”，故答案为C Salina Joe began to _ when she was one-year old. A. say B. cry C. sing D. talk 【解析】根据常识判断，婴儿在一岁的时候应该是开始学说话，而不是学哭或学唱歌，故答案只能在A、 D之间选出。又因为say 是及物动词，其后面需接宾语，而talk 是不及物动词，其后不需要接宾语，故正确答案为 D。六、注意文章结构和行文逻辑考查考生对文章脉络层次的把握能力和对上下文逻辑关系的理解。如转折关系、让步关系、因果关系、递进关系、增补关系、 比较关系、 对比关系等。 四个选项都是表示文章的起承转合、上下连贯等逻辑关系的词语。语篇，一般指比句子长的语言单位。如句群、段落、篇章等。语篇与语篇之间，往往有表明其内在联系的词语，这些词语被称为“语篇标志”。表示结构层次的语篇标志语有：firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally 等；表示逻辑关系的语篇标志语有thus, therefore, so 等；表示改变话题的语篇标志语有by the way 等；表示递进关系的语篇标志语有besides, whats more, further等；表示时间关系的语篇标志语有before, so far, yet, meanwhile, later等；表示转折关系的有but, while, on the other hand, although等。在做完形填空时，如果能充分利用这些语篇标志语，就可以迅速理清文章的脉络，弄清上下文的关系。(全国卷)First of all, I respected his devotion to teaching_43_, I admired the fact that he would talk to students outside the classroom or talkFinally, I was attracted by his lively sense of humor.43. A Later B. Secondly C. however D. Therefore（全国卷）Once he _42_ sang a song in class in order to make a point clear.42. A. also B. nearly C. even D. only七、注意逻辑推理精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 5 页考查考生根据文意和所掌握的知识经验进行简单的逻辑推理来确定选项的能力。请看下面全国卷中的一个小题：He was reading my words out loud to the classthe whole class was laughing with open-hearted enjoyment. I did my best not to show _53_, but what I was feeling was pure happiness53.A.shock B. wonder C. worry D. pleasureMrs. Black would ask me for my _. She wanted to know how I thought we should _things. At first I had no idea how to answer because I know_ about stage design!2.A.opinion B. impression C. information D. intention4.A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything 八、注意语法规则考查考生语法知识的运用能力。近年来完形填空题中单纯考查语法知识的题一般不考，只是偶尔有个别考题。（全国卷）“Can I? I dont think I can,” Tracy said with a laugh. “But l do have _46_ when things come to me for no reason.”46. A. events B. chances C. feelings D. moments九原词复现完形填空试题中，某一词语常常重复出现在语篇之中。词汇复现的语用意义是使得语篇中的句子相互衔接和连贯， 从而构成一个完整和有机的意义整体。在阅读文章过程中，有时也会发现一些与选项意义紧密相连的同义词或近义词。因此要学会充分利用这些词提供的有效信息合理地推测判断，选出正确答案。例： (江苏卷 )_39_ as high as he could, but even at his tallest _40_ he was unable to touch it. at the top of each jump stretching his arms to 39. A. expanding B. stretching C. swinging D. pulling40. A. strength B. length C. range D. heightI put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the room wasnt empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new _, dressed neatly. A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion 【分析】名词同现，空格前出现了room, furniture, curtains, a TV 等同现信息可知坐在铺好的床上的是“我”的室友。十、巧用排除方法，缩小选择范围解答完形填空题需要考生进行认真的阅读、理解、推理和判断，需要对4 个选项进行仔细的辨别、分析，从而去伪存真。有时我们会遇到这样的情况，对某个题目的正确选项的含义、用法不甚明白，但发现其他选项有显而易见的谬误。这时，我们可以尝试着用排除法。所谓排除法就是将干扰项逐项检查、验证，发现错误的选项立即剔除。随着选择范围的缩小，选中正确选项的几率逐渐增大。排除法如果运用得好，可以大大节省时间和精力。（四川卷 )Some days later, I was told that a guy who was working with us that day, “could probably have made a fortune _24_ the necklace he found. ”24. A. hiding B. stealing C. selling D. wearingHe put the books into the return box. And after a brief _ in the toilet, he would be on his way to the playground to meet Eric. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 5 页A. rest B. break C. walk D. stop 【解析】此题答案为D。人不可能在厕所里休息（rest, break）或是散步（ walk） ，由此排除另外三个选项。真题演练?（2015 年全国 II 卷） In our discussion with people on how education can help them succeed in life, a woman remembered the first meeting of an introductory 1 course about 20 years ago.?The professor 2 the lecture hall, placed upon his desk a large jar filled with dried beans(豆), and invited the students to 3 how many beans the jar contained. After 4 shouts of wildly wrong guesses,the professor smiled a thin, dry smile, announced the 5 answer, and went on saying, “ You have just 6 an important lesson about science. That is: Never 7 your own senses.”?Twenty years later, the 8 could guess what the professor had in mind. He 9 himself, perhaps, as inviting his students to start an exciting 10 into an unknowns world invisible （无形的）to the 11 , which can be discovered only through scientific 12 . But the seventeen-year-old girl could not accept or even 13 the invitation. She was just 14 to understand the world .And she 15 that her firsthand experience could be the 16 . The professor, however, said that it was 17 . He was taking away her only 18 for knowing and was providing her with no substitute（替代） . “ I remember feeling small and 19 . ” The woman says, “ and I did the only thing I could do. I 20 the course the afternoon, and I haven t gone near science since.”?原词重现1Aart B. history C. science D. math?词汇辨析2Asearched for B. looked at C. got through D. marched into?原词重现3Acount B. guess C. report D. watch?上下文4Awarning B. giving C. turning away D. listening to?常识推理5Aready B. possible C. correct D. difficult?固定搭配6Alearned B. prepared C. taught D. taken?上下文7Alose B. trust C. sharpen D. taken?上下文8Alecturer B. scientist C. speaker D. woman?上下文9Adescribed B. respected C. saw D. served?词汇辨析10Avoyage B. movement C. change D. rush?上下文11A. professor Beye C knowledge Dlight?常识推理12Amodel Bsenses C Spirit Dmethods?上下文13Ahear B. make Cpresent Drefuse?逻辑推理14Asuggesting Bbeginning CPretending DWaiting（语法）?逻辑推理15Abelieved BDoubted C. proved Dexplained?逻辑推理16Agrowth BStrength Cfaith D truth?逻辑推理17 A firm B. interesting C wrong D acceptable?词汇辨析18Atask B. tool Csuccess Dconnection?逻辑推理19A cruel B proud Cfrightened Dbrave?词汇辨析20A Dropped Bstarted C Passed Dmissed精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 5 页
