2022年高三英语动词和动词短语及动词的时态综合练习 .pdf

1 学科教师辅导讲义学员编号：年级：高三课时次数及课时进度：4（24/36）学员姓名：辅导科目：英语学科教师：学科组长 /带头人签名及日期白梅 2011-4-7 课题语法专题复习之动词和动词短语及动词的时态授课时间： 2011-4-14 备课时间：2011-4-5 教学目标语法知识之动词和动词短语及动词的时态的牢固掌握及运用重点、难点动词和动词短语及动词的时态的相关知识点的掌握及运用考点及考试要求动词和动词短语及动词的时态知识点的综合运用能力的考查教学内容Part One Homework Checking & Dictation Part Two Grammar Revision- Verb & Verb Phrases (动词和动词短语)I、重点难点解析对动词和动词短语主要考查词义辨析，动词的用法与搭配及一词多义；在具体语境中正确使用动词短语。要特别注意一些最常用的词汇，如get, make, have, take 等。一 动词分类一览表动词的分类行为动词(实义动词 ) 及物动词 (vt.) 宾语He sang a song for us. 不及物动词 (vi.) 后不加宾语He arrived late. 介词He arrived in Beijing at10 a.m. 系动词表人或事物的特征和状态：be, feel, appear, seem, look, sound 等He is a farmer. He seems angry. 表状态变化： become, get, go, turn, grow, fall 等The fish went bad. He became a doctor. 表态的延续或持续：keep, remain, stay 等It keeps warm. He remained silent. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 16 页2 助动词 (不能独立作谓语， 须与动词原形或分词构成合成谓语 )：be, have, do, shall 和 will 的各种形式Do come tomorrow. I have bou ht a car. 情 态 动 词can(could), may(might), shall(should), will(would), must, need, dare等He may come tomorrow. We must study hard. 注：有些动词是兼类词。如：We have lunch at 12.(行为动词 ) /We have been to Japan.(助动词 ) 二 动词短语构成一览表三 高中常用动词短语常用动词come, go, keep, look, make, put, take, turn 的搭配1. come come about 发生，造成；come across 越过某处；被理解；偶然发现,偶然遇到come after跟在 后面，追踪；寻找come along来到；一道走；赶快；再加把劲儿come at向.扑过来 , 向.袭击come back回来；东山在起；重新流行；回想起；还嘴（常与此同时连用）come from 由造成；出身于；来自于come into being existence出现，开始形成，建立come in 进来； （蔬菜、水果等）到成熟期，上市；涨潮；火车进站，船进港口；（比赛中）得 名次（ come in second 得第二名）come on 跟随；上台；（工作等） 进展； 赶快；骑（马等） ；come out 出来 ; 出发；出版；名列； （总数等）达到（+ at/to）come to (oneself)苏醒 ; 总共 ; 达到 ; 碰到come to an agreement达成协议come to a close/an end终止，结束come to life 活过来；活跃起来；栩栩如生come to light 泄露（真相）；被发现come to mind 想起，回忆起come to the point （讲话、写文章等）切中要害come to the /one s rescue帮助come true 实现，变成现实come up 升起；走进；种子生长发育；被提出2. go 动词短语构成动词副词break out The Sino-Japanes War broke out in 1937. 动词介词Agree with I agree with you on that point. 动词 +副词介词Come up with I came up with a good idea. 动词 +名词介词Make use of You should make full use of your time. 动词 +名词Take place Great changes are taking place in our life. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 16 页3 go about 四处走动；（故事、消息等）传开；在地方来回走动go after 追赶；追捕；追求go ahead 前进； 开始干某事； 说吧 ,走吧 ,做吧 (口语 )；走在前面go all out to do sth 全力以赴去做某事go around/round 绕道；（在某一地方）四处走动；（故事、消息等）传开；在头脑中盘旋go beyond 超出；超出 的能力go by 从 经过 /通过； （时间）流逝过去；顺便走访go back to 追溯到；返回；恢复到；回顾go down（温度等）下降； （价格等）下跌；倒下； （太阳、月亮等）降到地平线下go in for 参与，参与（竞赛等） ；从事（某项工作） ；爱好，酷爱go into 进入；撞在 上；调查go off 离开某地；放弃； （口）变坏，变酸（水、电、煤气等）被切断go over 越过；超过（期限等） ；审阅或审查，核对；仔细查看；复习go out (火)熄灭 ,过时了 ,罢工go through 穿过；进过；议案、决议等被通过；遭受，经受 (痛苦 /困难 ), 审阅；完成go too far 太过分 , 走太远了go with 相配（同义词match/go along with ）go well with 协调go wrong 出错 ;发生故障3. keep keep away(使)不靠近，（使）远离；不沾keep back 往后站，后退；阻止；对保守秘密；（从工资等中）扣压，扣下；留给keep in mind 把记在心里；记住keep in order（使）保持整齐，使井井有条；维持秩序keep in touch with 与保持联系keep off（使）不接近， （使）保持距离；挡开，避开；回避（避开）某话题keep one s ears open（口）留心细听；倾听keep one s eyes open留心看着，注意留神，提防keep out（使）不让入内，不要进来；留出来keep out of 将置身于 之外； （使）不参与；不牵涉进去；不要惹事 /麻烦keep quiet 保持安静， 别吵闹；保守秘密， 隐瞒某事（+about sth.）keep up your courage 保持勇气，别泄气keep up with 跟上4. look look about/around 向四周看；仔细查看look after 照料；寻找look ahead 向前看；展望未来; look sb. in/into the eye/face 镇定勇敢地面对look like as if 似乎是；看起来像look on /upon sb./sth. as 把.看作 . 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 16 页4 look at 看；察看；大致浏览look back 回顾；回过头看；回忆look down one s nose at傲慢 ;看不起 ; 轻视某人look down upon/ on sb 轻视某人；鄙视某人/某物look forward to doing /sth. （殷切地， 愉快地） 期待，希望；预计有 情况look into sth 注视 的内部或深处； （=investigate sth.）调查；浏览 (书报等 ) look out 小心 ,当心；向外看look over 对审阅；粗略地看；翻阅look through 透过 看（尤指空隙或透明物体等）； （从头到尾）初略地翻阅look up 仰视； (从词典，电话本等中)找出look up to sb 尊敬某人5. make make out （勉强地）看出；辩认出；理解；make up 构成make up for 补回失去make up ones mind（s） 决定 ,下决心make an effort to do 努力，尽力make oneself heard 使自己被别人听到make good /no sense有意义 /没意义make fun of 嘲笑，和某人开玩笑make up of 由.组成make one s living by doing 通过做 make tea/coffee 泡茶 /咖啡6. put put away 放好；收起来；把 放在原位；储藏放弃put aside 放在一边； 抛弃；暂时不做； 留出 (时间 ),省出 (钱) put back 放在原处；推迟, 延期put down 放下；让（乘客）下车；压下去；写下来put forward 提出（计划 /建议等）；拨快钟点；推荐put off 推迟 , 延期；打消 , 关上put into use 投入使用put off 脱掉（衣服等） ；推迟，延期put on 穿上 ,带上；长高；上演put out 扑灭 ,吹灭；生产；出版put up 举起；张贴；留某人过夜；建造；提出（建议等put up with 和某人住在一起；忍受，忍耐put through 做成，完成；接通电话使通过考试；使经历（难受的事）put ones heart into 全心全意投入7. take take away 拿走 , 挪开，拿开； （使）离开，把某人带走take back 拿回来，退回；送回某人； （同意）收回（退货）take A for B 把 A 误认为是B take sb./sth. for granted 认为 是必然情况，视为当然take a chance 碰运气take hold of 抓住；掌握take notice of 对注意留心；认真地听take the opportunity of 抓住机会；利用（机会）精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 16 页5 take part in 参加take pride in =be proud of 引以为自豪take advantage of 利用；占 的便宜take care of 照看，照顾take charge of 开始负 的责；看管；控制take the place of 代替take the risk of 冒的险take off 拿开；去掉； （飞机）起飞；脱下（衣、帽等）take on a new look 呈现新面貌take up 占据 (时间 ,地方 )；从事于take in 吸收（气、水等） ；接纳（工作人员等） ；收集；骗take in turn 依次8. turn turn against 背叛； （使）事情对不利；（使）攻击turn around/round 转过身去，将 转过来；使（船、飞机等）返航turn down 拒绝；音量调低；向下翻；turn into 把.变成 .；把 .翻译成 . turn in 上交turn left 向走转turn off 关掉（开关等） ；关闭，断开turn on 打开（开关、水、电等）turn out 制造出，生产出，培养出；结局是，结果是；原来是turn over 移交，把 .打翻turn to 转向，求助于，翻到第几页turn to sb for help 求助于II 、实战演练圈出划线部分的正确答案，使句子完整正确。1.The question that is remained / remains / remaining is: can Luo Peng, the young star, be like Jordan and lead the Bulls to an NBA championship? 2. As the popular saying says / tells / goes , “ Laugh and the whole world laugh with you. Cry and you cry alone.”3. With the weather worsening, they called off / called for / called in the voyage from London to Australia. 4. “ Goodbye, then,” she said, without even looking away/looking up/looking at from her book. 5. Why don t you just care/mind/consider your own business and leave me alone? 6. Hardly could he get through/get down/get into this amount of work in such a short time. 7. The computer system broke out/broke up/broke down suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. 8. Don t be taken in/taken off/taken away by products promising to make you lose weight quickly. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 16 页6 9. Does this meal cost $50? I expect/prefer/suppose something far better than this? 10. Someone who lacks perseverance is unlikely to turn/make/grow a good researcher. 11. -Julia said she sent you a birthday card yesterday. Have you got it? -Oh, really! I haven t examined/tested/checked my mailbox yet. 12.I can t find my watch. I must have left/forgotten/put it in the hotel. 13.Lei Feng was always ready to help others when they were in trouble and he never turned down/turned over/turned uptheir request. 14.If no one replies/answers/receives the phone at the home, ring me at work. 15.You will accept/receive/get a warm welcome when you come to China. 16.The clothes cost/spent/took me 500 yuan. 17.The terrible noise from the man s room simply caused/turned/drove me mad. 18.It does/feels/makes good to lie in the sun or swim in the cool sea in summer. 19.I built up/set up/took up the hobby of fishing as a child. 20.In my opinion, all Mr. Tom does does do/does do do/did do does good to his students in his class at present. 动词的时态I、重点难点解析高考中通常是把时态和语境结合起来考查。题干中往往没有明确的时间状语，需要考生搜索出时间参照信息。英语有 16 种时态，中学阶段常用的是10 种。一 动词的基本形式一览表形式变化规则构成方法例词原形see, finish, teach 现 在 时第 三 人称 单 数形式一般情况加-s look looks, writewrites以 ch, sh, s, x 结尾加-es teach teaches, finishfinishesguess guesses, mix mixes以 o 结尾加es do does, go goes以 “ 辅音字母 y” 结尾变 y 为 i ，加 -es try tries, crycries过 去 式过 去 分词 规 则一般情况加-ed stay stayed, looklooked以不发音e 结尾直接加 -d decide decided, hope hoped以重读闭音节结尾，末尾双写这个辅音字母再加-ed stop stopped, admitadmitted精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 16 页7 二常用10种动词时态的构成及其常用时间状语一览表时态构成常用时间状语一般现在时动词原形（第三人称单数+s 等）always, usually often, sometimes, every ,etc.一般过去时动词过去式yesterday, the day before yesterday, the other day, last, ago, etc. 一般将来时will （shall） +动词原形tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next , in two days, etc. be going to+ 动词原形过去将来时would+ 动词原形多用于间接引语的宾语从句中将来进行时will （shall） +be+现在分词at eight（this time ）tomorrow, etc. 现在进行时am（is, are）+现在分词now, during these days, etc. 过去进行时was（were） +现在分词at eight（this time ）yesterday, etc. 现在完成时have（ has）+过去分词already, just, yet, since, for, etc.过去完成时had+过去分词by,before, etc.现在完成进行时have（has）+been+现在分词for , since, etc.三 注意以下几种时态的区别1、一般现在时的用法：1）表示现在的习惯，经常发生的动作或存在的状态。2）表示主语的特征、性格和能力。3）表示客观事实或真理。4）表示按照计划安排好的将来行为。（只限于是go,come, leave, start, stop, be等开始或移动意义的词。）2、一般过去时的用法：1）表示过去的动作或状态。2）叙述过去连续发生的事情。3）表示过去一段时间内经常发生的动作。3、一般将来时的用法：1）表示将来的动作或状态。2）表示将来的经常动作。4、现在进行时的用法：1）表示说话时正在进行的动作。2）表示现阶段正在进行的动作。（说话时动作不一定进行。）5、过去进行进的用法：1）过去某一时刻或某一段时间内正在进行的动作。2）表示移动的动词：come, start, stay, leave, go等词的过去进行时可以表示过去的将来要发生的动作。3）was going to do可以表示在过去某一时间之后发生的动作。6、现在完成时的用法：1）表示刚刚完成的动作，常与just连用。变化只有一个辅音字母以 “ 辅音字母 y” 结尾变 y 为 i ，加 -ed carry carrid, try tried现 在 分词一般情况加-ing gogoing, readreading以不发音e 结尾去 e，再加 -ing havehaving, writewriting以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母双 写 这 个 辅 音 字 母 再 加-ing cut cutting, run running精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 16 页8 2）表示过去发生而持续到现在的动作或状态，甚至延续到将来。常与since, for连用，但for, since不能与终止性的动词连用。3）表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响或结果。7、现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：1）现在完成时与现在有联系，它表示过去的动作对现在所产生的结果、影响。一般过去时通常表示在过去某一具体时间发生的动作，与现在没什么联系。2）现在完成时表示过去延续到现在的行为；一般过去时着重过去某一时刻的某一具体动作。8、过去完成的用法：1）表示在过去某一或动作之前已经完成的动作。常与by, before等介词短语或一个状语从句或上下文暗示。2）表示由过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作，常和for （有时可省去）或since 构成的短语或since 引导的从句连用。9、过去将来时的用法：表示对于过去某一时刻而言将要发生的动作或存在的状态。II 、实战演练用所给动词或根据中文提示填入动词的正确形式1.1)-Remember the first time we _ (meet)? -Of course. You _ (study) in Beijing University then. 2) Cathy is taking notes of the grammatical rules in class at Sunshine School, where she _ (study) English for a year. 2. 1) The government _ (build) two factories in this region since the end of last year. 2) The government _(build) two factories in this region by the end of this year. 3. 1) It _ (be) ten years since we left school. 2) It _ (be) two years before we leave school. 4. They _ (work) on the program for almost one week before I joined them, and now we _ (still work) on it as no good results have come out so far. 5. The pen I _ (think) I _ (lose) is on my desk, right under my nose. 6. If their marketing plans succeed, they _ (increase) their sales by 20 percent. 7. She said that it _ (be) the second time she _ (see) the film. 8. I don t really work here. I _ (just help) out until the new secretary arrives.9. Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 2039 _ (take) off at 18:40. 10. -How are you today? -Oh, _ (not feel) as ill as I do now for a very long time. 11.1) My good friend _ (come ) from Guangdong.(是广东人 ) 2) My good friend _ (come ) from Guangdong last week.(从广东来 ) 12. 1) Where _ (be) you? ( 你在哪儿 ) 2) Where _ you _? (be) ( 你去了哪 ) 3) Where _ he _ (go)? ( 他去哪了 ) 13. 1) Mr. John _ (teach) English in China for two years. (不在中国了 ) 2) Mr. John _ (teach) English in China for two years. (也许仍在中国) 14. 1) I _ (read) that book. ( 读过那本书了) 2) I _ (read) that book all the morning. （一直在读那本书）15. 1) When I got there, he _ the work ( 做完那工作了) 2) When I got there, he _ the work carefully (在认真地做工作) 3) When I got there, he _ the work ( 才要做工作 ) 语法填空When he was a little boy, Christopher Cockerell once watched his mother turning the wheel of her sewing-machine with 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 16 页9 her hand. “ Wouldn t it work quickly if a machine 1 (turn) the wheel for you?” he asked.“ I suppose it would,” said his mother, without paying him any attention.Christopher 2 (know) she always had a lot of work, and he wanted to help. Up in his bedroom there was a toy steam-engine which his father 3 (buy) him as a gift. “ I 4 (make) better use of it,” little Christopher said to himself. So, when his mother 5 (not use) her sewing-machine, he fixed the toy steam-engine onto it. When the job 6 (finish), he was quite pleased, thinking his mother 7 (like) it. “ Very clever,” his mother said, when she saw it. Then she sat down and went on turning the wheel by hand. “ I 8 (work) like this for too many years,” she explained.This taught Christopher the lesson that anyone who 9 (try) to improve anything 10 (have) to learn: Many people don t like new ideas.三、完形填空Several years ago, a well-known writer and editor Norman Cousins became very ill. His body ached and he felt constantly tired. It was difficult for him to even _21_ around. His doctor told him that he would lose the ability to move and eventually die from the disease. He was told he had only a 1 in 500 chance of survival. Despite the diagnosis ( 诊断 ), Cousins was _22_ to overcome the disease and survive. He had always been interested in medicine and had read a book, which _23_ the idea of how body chemistry and health can be _24_ by emotional stress and negative attitudes. The book made Cousins _25_ the possible benefit of positive attitudes and emotions. He thought, “ Is it possible that love, hope, faith, laughter, confidence, and the will to 1ive have positive treatment value?”He decided to _26_ positive emotions as a way to treat some of the symptoms of his disease. In addition to his traditional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations that would _27_ positive emotions. “ Laugh therapy” became part of his treatment. He _28_ time each day for watching comedy films, reading humorous books, and doing other activities that would draw out positive emotions. Within eight days of starting his laugh therapy” program his pain began to _29_ and he was able to sleep more easily. He was able to return to work in a few months time and actually _30_ complete recovery after a few years. 21. A. run B. pass C. move D. travel 22. A. devoted B. determined C. planned D. forced 23. A. discussed B. explained C. presented D. demonstrated 24. A. killed B. ruined C. damaged D. influenced 25. A. remind of B. learn from C. refer to D. think about 26. A. concentrate on B. pick up C. absorb in D. care about 27. A. make up B. set about C. put up D. bring about 28. A. arranged B. appointed C. offered D. afforded 29. A. escape B. decrease C. recover D. end 30. A. received B. sought C. reached D. recognized Part III Homework 练习一：动词时态与语态（1）1. When I saw Mary, she _ on the piano. A. is playing B. plays C. was playing D. played 2. She _ the door before she goes away. A. had locked B. is locking C. has locked. D. was locking. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 16 页10 3. A hunter is a man who _ animals. A. catch B. catches C. will catch D. was catching 4. What _ if I drink this? A. happens B. is happening C. will happen D. is happened 5. I will visit you if Father _ me. A. let B. lets C. is letting D. will let 6. Look out! That tree _ fall down. A. is going to B. will be C. shall D. would 7. My uncle _ to see me. Hell be here soon. A. comes B. is coming C. had come D. came 8. They cant leave until they _ their work. A. did B. are doing C. have done D. has done 9. Has he seen this film? Yes. He _ it several days ago. A. saw B. has seen C. had seen D. was seeing 10. Now Mike isnt here. He _ Mr Greens. Perhaps he _ back in a few minutes. A. went to;