2022年高中英语完形填空精析精练专题九说明文完形填空解题指导与训练 .pdf

高考英语完形填空精析精练说明文 完形填空解题指导与训练9 【考点定位】2011考纲解读和近几年考点分布说明文在完形填空中所占的比例不大，但是由于其能很好地考查考生对人、事或物的表达能力，所以在高考完形填空中也常有出现。说明文文体的完形填空难度一般低于阅读理解。在设空方而充分体现了对考生知识运用的要求 :以实词为主，对名词、动词、形容词和副词等的考查比例约占 90%，绝人多数题目的解答都要从全文的角度进行判断，这一命题思路体现了“语篇意识”。说明文文体的完形填空一般用言简意赅的文字，按照一定的方法介绍事物，解释事理，其最显著的特点是:开头点题，结构条理。考生做题的关键在于理清文章结构，把握全文大意。常见的说明文有自我介绍、人物介绍（传记）、地方介绍、习俗介绍、节日介绍、方法（步骤）介绍，产品说明、实验报告、科普小品、读书报告和新闻报道等。这类文章主要有以下几个特点：1. 内容的客观性。说明文客观地说明、介绍、解释或报道客观的人物、事物或发生的现象，使读者获取一定的信息或知识，语言直白，没有主观的评论或情感的抒发。2. 篇章的条理性。说明文层次分明，脉落清晰，有条有理。有的按空间顺序进行说明，有的按时间顺序进行说明，有的按因果关系进行说明， 有的按先主后次的顺序进行说明，有的先概述后举例，有的先举例后概述，也有的按事情的逻辑关系展开（如：解析为什么，如何做等方面的问题） ，等等。3. 语言的朴实性。说明文的目的是让读者获取信息，明白事理，因此，文章的作者会用朴实、易懂和准确的语言或使用数据进行说明，不浮夸，不加描述和议论。【考点 pk】名师考点透析解题技巧要保证答题的速度和效率，可采用下列解题技巧：1. 根据上下文的词语暗示来选择。找到上下文的相关信息， 特别是有暗示性的词语， 就容易找到正确的选项了。2. 根据上下文的行文逻辑来选择。短文是由有一定逻辑关系的句子组成的，任何一句话都不是孤立存在的， 而是要靠上下文作依托， 相互之间存在一定的联系。 只要我们把握好了空格上下文的行文逻辑，再活用所学语言知识，就能选出正确答案。3. 根据文化背景和生活常识来选择。有时，先前所积累的文化背景知识和生活常识有利于正确解答完形填空题。4. 紧扣上下文，巧用排除法。有时，很难从正面确定答案， 尤其是答案碰巧是一个你不认识的单词，而其他三个选项你都认识的时候，紧扣上下文，巧用排除法往往会给你惊喜。当然，有时一个技巧可以解一题，有时解一题需用到多个技巧和多项知识，而有时单凭语感就能找到答案。不管怎样， 不断积累语言知识， 丰富文化背景知识，提高快速阅读，特别是跳读的能力，借鉴上述解题方法加以多练，并不断进精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 20 页行反思和总结，就一定会享受到解题的成功感。【精选试题】精析精练（安徽省合肥市 2010 年高三第三次教学质量检测）Children and young people tend to have certain role models people they want to be like when they grow 36 . Though 37 children would have wished to copy their mother, father or a (n) 38 relative, gradually these role models are thought of as famous people or popular 39 . People have different opinions about 40 popular stars or other famous people are good role models for children. Charming models, such as Katie Price, are often admired and 41 by young girls. This is the biggest worry of parents and teachers. They wish to 42 the concept that success is achieved through hard work and 43 rather than an attractive looking. Most people tend to grow up to be those who are 44 home their parents or family friends. Some decide to be like their favorite teacher. A child who loves to 45 may want to grow to be the next Picasso or Van Gogh; Someone who loves to 46 might imagine themselves as a famous writer; if a child enjoys dancing, he or she 47 well admire a famous dancer, but this is not the 48 . A lot of dance students wish to be like their 49 teacher. Therefore, the job of a teacher is 50 just providing knowledge of a given subject. They should be able to 51 their students trust and 52 them well. Helping youngsters to learn from models, to learn how to accept 53 with grace and losing with dignity, is central to any parent s or teacher s job. Manners are very important and a dance teacher can 54 his or her position and influence to 55 good behaviors to youngsters. 36Ayounger Bstronger Colder Dtaller 37Aat first Bat last Cat least Dat most 38Agenerous Bfavorite Cordinary Dhumorous 39Afans Bstars Csingers Ddancers 40Athat Bwhy Cwhether Dif 41Alooked down upon Bthought highly of Ccaught up with Dmade fun of 42Aencourage Breceive Chold Dignore 43Aluck Bimagination Ceffort Dcreativity 44Asimilar to Bdifferent from Cfar from Dclose to 45Aread and write Bsing and dance C listen and speak Ddraw and paint 46Awrite Bread Ctravel Dthink 47Ashould Bmay Cmust Dneed 48Adeal Btrouble Cmatter Dcase 49Adance Bmusic Cart Dpiano 50Abetter than Bless than Cmore than Drather than 51Areceive Blose Cgain Daccept 52Acommunicate with Bkeep up with Cnegotiate with Dput up with 53Achallenging Bfalling Cfailing Dwinning 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 20 页54Amake use of Blose control of Ctake charge of Dget rid of 55Aturn Bpress Cintroduce Dpush 【文章大意】大多年轻人都有自己心目中崇拜的偶像，而且随着成长还会变化。文章通过实例说明：教师的工作不仅是传授知识，更是以身作则。36 【答案】 C 【解析】由语境知，当他们长大时成为他们心目中楷模的形象。故C 项正确。37 【答案】 A 【解析】 similar to 相似；different from 不同于； far from 远离；close to 接近。联系下文可知，大多数人长大后趋向于成为与家人接近的人。故D 项正确。45 【答案】 D 【解析】由 Picasso or Van Gogh 可知 D 项正确。46 【答案】 A 【解析】由 “a famous writer 知 A 项正确。47 【答案】 B 【解析】联系语境知，若一个孩子喜欢跳舞， 那么他也许很羡慕著名的舞蹈演员。48 【答案】 D 【解析】 deal交易，待遇； trouble 麻烦； matter事件，原因； case情况，实例。联系语境知，但这并不是实际情况。49 【答案】 A 【解析】由语境知，许多舞蹈学生想成为像他们舞蹈老师那样的人。故A 项正确。50 【答案】 C 【解析】联系上文知，一个老师的工作远远超过只是给学生传授知识。故C 项正确。51 【答案】 C 【解析】由语境知，老师应该能够赢得学生的信任。gain 获得。52 【答案】 A 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 20 页【解析】communicate with 与交流；keep up 、with 跟上；negotiate with 谈判；put up 而 th 容忍,由语境知，老师能和学生坦诚交流。故A 项正确。53 【答案】 D 【解析】联系语境知，帮助年轻人向楷模学习，优雅地接受胜利，有尊严地看待失败：根据并列成分 “with grace and losing withdignity知 D 项正确。54 【答案】 A 【解析】 make use of利用； lose control of 失控； take charge of 负责； get rid of摆脱。此处指舞蹈老师要利用自己的工作和影响，故A 项正确。55 【答案】 C 【解析】 turn to 转向； press to使紧贴，紧抱； introduce to 引入； push to推向。由语境知，老师押好的行为方式引导给学生，故C 项符合语境。（2010福建省普通高中毕业班质量检查）War, money and power are a few things that countries and people are concerned about. 36 I agree that those things are important ，I believe that everyone should start to 37 more on a growing problem global warming. Global warming will not only 38 our country and our generation, but a1so the entire 39 and future generations. It is 40 because the weather has been a lot warmer over the past few years, which 41 the melting（融化） of the ice in the Antarctic. This will soon cause water levels to 42 and flood parts of the world. Many people ignore this problem because they fee1 43 they cant do anything about it and have more 44 things to worry about. If we al1 45 so，then our ozone layer （臭氧层） will be 46 and the planet will no longer be able to make life continue to exist. We should do our best to limit the use of our planet s 47 resources （资源） and keep our air clean. 48 , future generations will suffer from our 49 . Some might feel that they cant stop global warming from 50 But if every single person does his or her part in keeping the air clean. then it will become a 51 effort. Sure, there are some things that cause pollution and that we wont be able lo 52 change. This may include cars burning oil ，but we can 53 adjust some of these things. People can start carpooling, taking the bus, riding their bikes, or . 54 just walking. If everyone takes 55 now, I believe we can start seeing remarkable results within a few years. 36AWhen BAs CHow DThough 37Adepend Bfocus Chang Dremark 38Aannoy Binterrupt Caffect Dconfuse 39Aworld Bcontinent Cindustry Dclimate 40Afailing Bcompleting Cchanging Doccurring 41Alies in Bresults in Csuffers from D escapes from 42Areduce Brise Cdrop Dmove 43Aas if Bin case Ceven though Dif only 44Apopular Bsuitable Cimportant Ddifficult 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 20 页45Ado Bkeep Clike Dfind 46Aprotected Bstrengthened Cdestroyed Dsurrounded 47Aunlimited Bnatural C recycled Dindustrial 48ATherefore BOtherwise CHowever DInstead 49Aillnesses Bfailures Cdecisions Dmistakes 50Acontinuing Barriving Cimproving Ddisappearing 51Aphysical Bmental Cnational Dworldwide 52Aslightly Bfully Chardly Dslowly 53Aat least Bat most Cat first Dat last 54Ayet Beven Cstill Dthus 55Atime Bturns Caction Darms 【文章大意】战争、金钱、电力供应等的确是我们当今社会需要关注的、话题，但“ 我为我们最应该关注的问题是全球变暖问题。我们需要从自己做起，从小事做起，力所能及地做些事情，全球变暖的问题会得到一定程度的控制。36 【答案】 D 【解析】根据后一分句中的more及句意可知此处选D。37 【答案】 B 【解析】所填词与介词on 构成搭配，意思是注意力集中在上，选 B。38 【答案】 C 【解析】本句意思是： 全球变暖不仅影响到我们的国家和我们这一代，还会影响整个世界和下一代。选C。39 【答案】 A 【解析】由修饰词entire可以推断出此处选A。40 【答案】 D 【解析】由句意可以推断出此处动阋的意思是发生，时态用现在进行时，选D。41 【答案】 B 【解析】 lie in 在于； result in 引起，导致； suffer from 遭受，患病： escape from逃离。 -由句意可知选 B。42 【答案】 B 【解析】由 water level 和 flood parts of the world 可以推断出此处选 B。43 【答案】 A 【解析】所填词引导表语从甸，意思是好像，似乎，选A。本题。 ，44 【答案】 C 【解析】本句意思是： 许多人忽视这个问题是因为他们感觉自己似乎不能起到什么作用，而且自己有更加重要的事情要做。选C。45 【答案】 A 【解析】由上下文可知此处选A。46 【答案】 C 【解析】根据本句后半句的意思可知此处选C。47 【答案】 B 【解析】所填词修饰resources ，意思是自然资源，选B。48 【答案】 B 【解析】根据后一分句意思可知所填词表示选择，意思是否则，选 B。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 20 页49 【答案】 D 【解析】句子意思是：我们的下代人会遭受由于我们的错误而带来的惩罚。选 D。50 【答案】 A 【解析】本句意思是：一些人呵能认为他们不能阻止全球变暖的继续。选A。51 【答案】 D。【解析】由句意可知此处选D。52 【答案】 B 【解析】所填词修饰change ，意思是完全地，全部地，选B。53 【答案】 A 【解析】所填短语修饰adjust，意思是至少，最少，选A。54 【答案】 B 【解析】本句意思是：人们可以改乘公交车、骑自行车，甚至步行。选B。55 【答案】 C 【解析】所填词与take 构成搭配意思是采取行动， 选 C。A true apology is more than just acknowledgement of a mistake.Its recognition that something youve said or 36has damaged a relationshipand that you 37enough about that relationship to want it 38. It s never 39to acknowledge you are in the wrong.Being human,we all need the art of apology.Look back and think how 40youve judged roughly，said 41things，pushed yourself 42at the expense of a friend.Some deep thought in us know that when 43a small mistake has been made,your 44will stay out of balance until the mistake is acknowledged and your regret is 45. I remember a doctor friend, 46me about a man who came to him with 47illnesses:headache,insomnia( 失眠),stomachaches and so on.No physical 48could be found.Finally the doctor said to the man,“49you tell me whats on your conscience,I cant help you.”After a short silence,the man told the doctor that he 50all the money that his father gave to his brother,who was 51.His father had died,so only he himself knew the matter.The old doctor made the man write to his brother making an 52and enclosing( 附寄)a 53.In the post office,the man dropped the letter into the mail box.As the letter disappeared,the man 54into tears.“Thank you,doctor,” he said, “I think Im all right now.” And he 55. 36.A.doneB.thoughtC.announcedD.expected 37.A.lostB.careC.adviseD.heard 38.A.builtB.formedC.repairedD.damaged 39.A.difficultB.easyC.foolishD.shy 40.A.longB.oftenC.muchD.soon 41.A.unusualB.harmfulC.preciousD.unkind 42.A.aheadB.awayC.downD.off 43.A.stillB.evenC.onlyD.such 44.A.senseB.brainC.weightD.feeling 45.A.shownB.explainedC.offeredD.expressed 46.A.askingB.tellingC.requiringD.setting 47.A.strangeB.seriousC.variousD.much 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 20 页48.A.signsB.reasonC.causeD.marks 49.A.WheneverB.UnlessC.SupposeD.Although 50.A.stoleB.acceptedC.seizedD.wasted 51.A.madB.lostC.abroadD.dead 52.A.orderB.excuseC.agreementD.apology 53.A.noteB.cardC.checkD.photo 54.A.brokeB.burstC.laughedD.cried 55.A.shouldB.didC.hadD.was【文章大意】什么是真正的道歉？真正的道歉不仅仅是承认错误，还是一种对自己错误的所作所为而导致的结果的承认。36.【答案】 A 【解析】由该句中前面的said 可知，此处要填的词与它形成的是对比关系，所以用 done。37.【答案】 B 【解析】由上下文可知，此处指你非常关心这种关系，所以用care about“ 关心” 。38.【答案】 C 【解析】由上文的damaged可知，你想修补由你破坏的这种你非常关心的关系。所以 repaired符合题意。39.【答案】 B 【解析】由上下文可知，承认错误是需要勇气的，决非易事。所以easy“ 容易的 ”符合题意。40.【答案】 B 【解析】由上下文可知，此处是说“ 回顾一下自己是否常作出粗鲁的决定” ，所以用 often “经常” 。41.【答案】 D 【解析】由上文可知，只有 “ 说一些不友好的话 ” 才会破坏与朋友的友谊，所以用unkind “不友好的 ” 。42.【答案】 A 【解析】push somebody ahead at the expense of somebody “在损害某人的情况下把某人推出来；在损害朋友的前提下提高自己” ，是固定的表达形式。43.【答案】 B 【解析】进一步考虑以后我们会认识到，甚至有时候出了个很小的错误，也会让你的情感失去平衡。所以此处用even“ 甚至” 来加强语气。44.【答案】 D 【解析】由上下文可知，是“ 感情” 失去平衡。 feeling “感情” ；sense“官能；感觉；判断力；见识 ” ；brain “大脑” ；weight “ 重量” 。45.【答案】 D 【解析】什么时候才会把失去的情感平衡找回来呢？当然是承认了错误并且“ 表达” 了个人后悔之后。 express “表达” ；offer “提供” ；explain “解释” ；show “ 出示；给看” 。46.【答案】 B 【解析】 tell sb. about sth.“告诉某人有关某事的情况 ” ，固定搭配。47.【答案】 C 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 20 页【解析】由下文的headache,insomnia （失眠） ,stomachache and so on 可知，是各种疾病。所以 various “不同的，各种各样的 ” 符合题意。48.【答案】 C 【解析】 reason为决定做某一件事的 “ 理由” ，对某种行为进行解释；cause为引起某种后果的 “ 起因，内因 ” 。由上下文可知，此处是虽然患有各种疾病，但都不是身体的原因。49.【答案】 B 【解析】最后医生不得不对这位病人说：“ 除非你告诉我实话，否则我不能帮助你。” 通过这句话，我们可以推出unless “除非” 符合题意。50.【答案】 C 【解析】 steal “偷窃” ；accept “接受” ；seize “独占，霸占 ” ；waste “浪费” 。通过下文可知，他 “ 霸占” 了父亲留给他弟弟的钱。51.【答案】 C 【解析】根据常识推断，他弟弟在国外才符合常理。所以abroad“在国外 ” 符合题意。52.【答案】 D 【解析】 make an apology “道歉” ，固定搭配。53.【答案】 C 【解析】根据常识可知，check“ 支票” 可随信邮寄，但是note“ 钞票” 不行。54.【答案】 B 【解析】 burst into tears“突然大哭起来 ” ，固定搭配。55.【答案】 D 【解析】由上文可知，消除了心结，此刻他心安理得了。此句补充完整应为：And he was all right. The town of Pressure and the town of Pleasure were neighbors but had 21in common.Residents built walls to 22influence from 23town. In Pressure,everyone struggled to be the very best.When women 24birth,they would compete to have the baby with the 25cry.There was violent competition in every aspect of life.Because 26was the index(指数)of success,people were always 27making money,with no time for relaxation. 28,over in Pleasure,the motto was “As long as you like it,do it.” People29without pressure and could do 30they liked.Children played computer games day and night.At school,teachers didnt care 31the students showed up or not.Workers might sit around the office 32sipping coffee and doing nothing.33the lack of regulations,nobody worried about losing their jobs.No one had slightest thought of moving 34,either for themselves or for the town.The computer they used were 35models from Pressure. Some of the young were addicted to 36because of the emptiness of their lives. Then, people in the two towns began asking themselves,“What is life 37?” But,just before life in the two towns completely failed,there came a saint-Mr.Reason.He went from door to door, 38with people and giving advice.People in Pressure learnt to be content with what they had,while people in Pleasure began to make plans.They 39walls between them and built a road to 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 20 页connect the two.The town people 40to realize the truthThere is no space between Pressure and Pleasure if people dont go to extremes.21.A.anythingB.nothingC.everythingD.something 22.A.keep outB.look outC.work outD.give out 23.A.anotherB.anyC.otherD.the other 24.A.gaveB.tookC.offeredD.brought 25.A.loudB.louderC.l oudestD.loudly 26.A.healthB.healthyC.wealthD.wealthy 27.A.busyB.lazyC.easyD.hard 28.A.MeanwhileB.At that timeC.At one timeD.Once in a while 29.A.got upB.grew upC.set upD.brought up 30.A.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.everything 31.A.whatB.whoC.whereD.whether 32.A.all wayB.all nightC.all way longD.all day long 33.A.Thanks toB.BecauseC.As a resultD.According to 34.A.backwardB.forwardC.upwardD.downward 35.A.newB.oldC.rightD.advanced 36.A.workB.moneyC.drugsD.books 37.A.forB.atC.inD.to 38.A.talkedB.to talkC.talksD.talking 39.A.pulled downB.put downC.went downD.wrote down 40.A.wentB.returnedC.happenedD.came21.【答案】 B 【解析】由本句话提到的but 可看出上下文之间具有转折的意味。由此可以推测出这句话的意思应该是：虽然两城毗邻但是两者之间却没有丝毫的相同。Have nothing in common“没有共同点 ” 。22.【答案】 A 【解析】 keep out sth.“把关在外面；阻止入内；不参加 ” ，在这里指的是将另一个城的影响摒除在外。23.【答案】 D 【解析】因为只有两座城，因此应该选D 项。这句话的意思是：居民们建造起城墙来将另一座城的影响摒除在外。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 20 页【解析】 grow up“ 成长” ；get up“ 起床” ；set up “发射” ；be brought up “被抚养” 。此处不是被动语态，由此可以排除D 项。剩下的三项显然B 项最合题意。30.【答案】 C 【解析】由前一句提到的 “As long as you like it,do it.”，我们可以推测此处的意思应该是：人们可以做任何自己喜欢的事情。 D 项强调的是每件事都， 强调个体性，C 项多强调全局性，全体性，由此可知选C 项。31.【答案】 D 【解析】结合句子结构进行分析可由本句中提到的“do sth.or not”看出此处应该选D 项。这句话的意思应该是：老师不关心学生课堂出不出席。32.【答案】 D 【解析】 all day long“整天 ” ，承接上文可以推测此处这句话的意思应该是：工人们可能整天都围坐在办公室旁品着咖啡而无所事事。没有C 项这种用法。33.【答案】 A 【解析】thanks to sth.“多亏了 ” ，有感谢的意味。 according to sth.“根据，依照” 。结合这句话的后半句的意思我们可以推测出整句话的意思：多亏了制度的缺乏，才没有人担心会失业。A 项比 B 项更加贴切。34.【答案】 B 【解析】 move forward “前进” 。结合前文描述的情况，我们可以看出人们几乎无所事事，由此我们可以推测出这句话的意思应该是：不论是为了自己还是为了城镇，都没有一个人有过丝毫前进的念头。35.【答案】 B 【解析】结合前一句话我们可以推测出人们只是整天为了自己的快乐而活，不思进取，由此我们可以推测出此处这句话的意思应该是：他们用的电脑也是从快乐之城里的老模型了。36.【答案】 C 【解析】结合生活的经历我们可以看出此处选C 项最为贴切。这句话的意思应该是：因为生活的空虚，有一些年轻人开始沉迷于药物。37.【答案】 A 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 20 页【解析】what is sth.for“某事/某物是为了什么 ” ，