2022年高考大纲版英语总复习知识点精讲精析与高考试题预测：Unit2Englisharoundtheworld .pdf

第一册Unit 2 English around the worldI 单元知识点全览工欲善其事必先利其器高 考 须 掌 握 的 词 汇 ： 1 pronunciation 2 Minority 3 totaily 4 equally 5 organize/organise 6globe 7service 8independence9 south 10 Europe 1 1comparison 12 Replacement 高考须掌握的短语：1at 2in 3mother 4for 5 up 6 with 7in 8many 9or 10in 1l_adout 考点过关过关斩将一马平川考点详解精剖细解入巿三分一、重点词汇1 majority n 多数；大半 eg ： A/The majority of doctors believe smoking is harmfulto health大多数医生认为吸烟有害健康。相关链接： minority n少数；小半用法拓展be in the majority占多数 be in the minority占少数案例剖析旁征博引举一反三考题1 (典型例题In the election，the people who have voted for the present government are the majonty A on Bin Cwith Dfor 考题 1 点拨：答案为B。考查词组be in the majority“占多数”。句意为：“在选举中，支持现政府的人占多数。”2 service n服务；服务性工作eg： The service in the restaurant is good这家餐馆的服务很好。相关链接： serve vt 为服务； 提供饭等 vi 服役用法拓展： at ones service听差遣；随时准备为做事/ 供使用 be of service to sb help sbor be useful to sb能帮助某人；对某人有用处serve sb as 作用 / 起作用 be in service在使用中serve as 担当；担任考题 2 (典型例题分 )-Good morning, Grand Hotel. -Hello, ld like to book a room for the night of the 18th and 19th. A. What can I do for you? B. Just a minute, please. C. Whats the matter? D. At your service. 考题 2 点拨：答案为B。在对方已经明确提出要求时用A项，不合乎情理；B项属于一种顺承、合理的回答；c 项用于询问有何问题或有何障碍，用于此语境显然不舍适；D项干扰性最大， at your service是随时听候差遣的意思，在此语境中不合适。3except prep除了 eg： We all went to the cinema except Tom除了汤姆，我们都去看电影了。相关链接 Besides prep“除之外，还有” but prep“除之外”，与except 同义。用法拓展：except for后接名词或代词，“除之外”，表示局部修正主句的说法。 except that/when后接从句。“除之外/除当的时候”。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 11 页考题 3-1 (典型例题 ) flowers, the pupils sent their teacher a nice greeting card for her birthday. A. Beside B. Except for C. Besides D. Except 考题 3-2 (典型例题分 ) Is your grandpa still with you? - No. He still prefers to live in the small mountain village all its disadvantages. A. for B. except C. with D. to 考题 31 点拨：答案为C。besides表示“除之外，还有”，except表示“除了”， beside 表示“在的旁边”，except for时主句作局部的修正。句意为：“除了鲜花，学生们还为他们的老师送上了漂亮的贺卡作生岢礼物。考题32 点拨：答案为c。句意为：“尽管乡村有它的弱点，爷爷还是喜欢住在那里。4knowledge n 知识 eg：KnoWledge is power知识就是力量。相关链接： knowledge 统指“知识”时不可数但可以与a 连用，特别是有修饰语时，表示某一方面的知识。用法拓展：to my knowledge据我所知 get/gain knowIedge 获得知识考题4 (典型例题分) Many people agree that of English is a must in international trade today. A. knowledge B. a knowledge C. the knowledge D. knowledges 考题 4 点拨：答案为B。knowledge 与 a 连用，特指某一方面的知识。句意为：“好多人都认为在如今的国际贸易中，英语方面的知识是一种必须的条件。” 5compare v比较；比作 eg ：If you compare both of our cars ，youll find they are very mUCh alike如果比较一下我们的两部车子，你会发现彼此很相似。相 关 链 接 ： comparision n 比 较 用 法 拓 展 ： compare to 把 比作 comparewith 把与相比beyond/past/w ithout compare 无与伦比特别提醒： compared to/with是固定搭配，单独用作状语，表示与相比。 eg ：cprepared to/Wlth Paris，Iondon is large与巴黎相比，伦敦较大。考题5-2 (典型例题In his no vels。he often compared ones life a riverAby B with Cfor D to 考题 5-3 I was struck by the beautiful sightIts beauty was compare Ato Bwith Cbevond Din 考题 51 点拨；答案为D。compare tg 一把比作。句意为：“在他的小说中，他常常把生命比作河流。”考题 5-2 点拨：答案为C。beyond compare 无与伦比。句意为：“我被这美丽的景色所打动，它的美简直无与伦比。”6end vt & vi 结束 eg： The party ended at midnight晚会在午夜结束。 He ended his Ietter with good wishes to the family他在信末祝福全家人。相关链接： end n 结束 at the end of在的尽头 by the end of到为止用法拓展： end in 以为结果 end(up)with以而结束put an end to结束 / 终止 come to an end告终；完结 in the end最后；终于lTlake(both)ends meet使收支相抵 without end无尽的；无限的考 题6-1 ( 典 型 例 题分 )If you go on doing such things, youll end up 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 11 页prison. A. with B. as C. in D. to 考题 6-2 Hard as he worked, he couldnt make _ meet. A. end B ends C. eroding D. ended 考题 6 1 点拨 : 答案为c。end up in prison以坐牢而告终。句意为：“如果你继续做那样的事，你就会以掌牢而告终。”考题 6 2 点拨：答案为B。 make(both)ends meet使收支相抵。句意为：“尽管他卖力地工作，但还是做不到收支相抵。”二、重点短语7mote or Iss或多或少；大体上；在一定程度上eg： The work is more or less finished这项工作大体上完成了。I think its more or less a crime我认为这多少是一种犯罪行为。考题 7 (典型例题 )We all write , even when there is not much to say. A. now and then B. by and by C. step by step D. more or less 考题 7 点拨：答案为A。从该题even when theres not mach to say这一信息可知，本题空意指时问。now and then相当于 ftom time to time。sometimes 和 occasionally；by and by soon step by step=graduailyl D项 more or less修饰名词，但也可修饰形容词、动词作状语。 more or lessabout 时，放在所修饰词的后面。It is an hours journey，more or 1ess修饰形容词时，放在动词的前面。The book is niore or less helpful修饰动词时，放在动词的前面。He can more or less write some poems该题若把空设在write的前面， D项也对。8have diffjcuIty(in)doing sth做某事有困难 eg ： We had difficulty(in)working out the probIem我们做出这道题有困难。用法拓展： have trouble(in)doing sth一have d fficulty(in)doing sth做某事有困难 have much/little/no dIfficulty(in)doing sth 做某事有很多 / 很少 / 没有困难have difficulty/trouble with sth做某事有困难考题 8 Does your brothernave any English? Adifficulty learning BdifficuIty to learn CdifficuIties in learning Ddifficulties to learn 考题 8 点拨：答案为A。have difficuIty(in)doing sth是固定词组，difficuhy在这个词组搭配中用作不可数名词，介词in 可省略。句意为：“你哥哥学习英语有困难吗?”三、重点交际用语9Could you speak a b t slOWly ，please? 请你说得稍慢些好吗?、a bit可以修饰形容词、副词的原级或比较级，与a littIe相同。 eg ： Im a bit/a little tired我有点累了。It s a bit/a little warmer today今天天气暖和了些。用法拓展： (1)not a little=very much相当多；非常not a bit=not at a11一点也不(2)a bit of+n一点 / 一些 a little+n一点/ 一些考题 9 一 Are you feeling tired after the game? 一In factI feel quite relaxed ANot a littIe BNot a bit C Not little DNot bit 考题 9 点拨 : 答案为B 。not a bit一点也不。根据后面，“事实上我感觉很轻松。”可得出 B这个选项。10Can you say it in a djffetent way?你能用一种不同的方式表达吗? in away 用精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 11 页的方法用法拓展： in the way/in ones way妨碍 / 挡住某人的路 by the way顺便说一下 / 顺便问问 in a way从某种意义 / 程度上说 by way of 经由； 取道 lose ones way 迷路 make ones way 进行；努力向前alI the way一路上特别提醒； (1)by means 用的方式with method 用方法 (2)way作先行词，后面的定语从句可用in which/that或不用引导词来连接。考题10-1 (典型例题分 ) They have made up their to make their to the front. A. mindsway B. minds; ways C. minds; way D. minds ways 考题 10-2 ( 典型例题分 ) If you drive from the airport, go On the motor way and follow the to the city. A. points B. warnings C. signs D. way 考题 101 点拨 ; 答案为 c。 make up ones raind“下决心干某事”。raind单复数随ones的单复数发生变化； make ones way “排除困难前进”，way 在此搭配中是不可敷名词。考题 102 点拨：答案为c。follOW the signs表示“顺着路标”。向意为：“如果你从机场开车行驶，( 你可以 ) 走公路腰着路标到达城市。”四、重点句型11HOW did these djfferences come about?这些不同是如何产生的? come abouthappen/take place产生；发生；改变方向( 不用于被动语态)eg ： Many quarrels come about through a misunderstanding许多争执都是由于误会而产生的。可用 it作形式主语，后面用that 引导主语从句： It comes about that是产生的。考题 11 (典型例题 How, did it _ that he won the first prize of lottery tickets again? A. come along B. come on C. come up D. come about 考题 11 点拨：答案为D。come along 同一起 ;come on 鼓励 / 劝说时所用的口语; come up 提出；上来； 发芽; come about 产生；发生。此句用了一个固定句式lt comes about that 。句意为：“他怎么又一次赢得彩票的一等奖?”12Joe is an Amerjcml who has come to Brltain for the first time乔是个第一次到英国的美国人。 forthe first time单独用作状语，指第一次做某事。the Tirst time“首次，第一次”，可用作连词，引导时间状语从句。 eg ： The first time I met her，I knew we wonld be good friends我第一次见到她，我就知道我们会成为好朋友。类似的用法还有：the moment ，the minutethe first sight，every time，each time等. It is/was/will be the fjrst time后接句子，强调到说话时为止某一情况或动作的次数，句子中常用完成时态，it可换用 this/that， first也可换用其他序数词。eg： This is the first time I have been to Beijing这是我第一次去北京。That was the first time I had left my hometown那是我第一次离开家乡。It s time for sbto do sth是某人干某事的时候了。此句式还可用：It s time sb did sth来表示。 eg ：It s time for us to have supper/It s time we had supper是我们用晚餐的时精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 11 页候了。考题12-1 It is the second time that I in Shanghai. What great changes have taken place in Shanghai! It is ten years since I it lasttime. A. have been; left B. had been; left C. haves had left D. went; had left 考 题12-2 The telephone three, times in the last hour, and each time it for my father. A. had rung; was B. has rung; was C. rang; has been D. has been ringing; is 考题 12-3 You shall leave now. Its high time you to school. A. go B. went C. going D. gone 考题 121 点拨：答案为A。此题关键看出Its the second time that句式中，应用现在完 _成时态， since衷示从某一时刘起，用一般过去时态，故答案为A。句意为：“这是我第二次到上海。上海发生多么巨大的变化啊! 自从上次离开。已是十年时间了。”考题 122 点拨：答案为B。in the past/last+段时间作时间状语，通常与完成时连用，后丰部分each time 作状语指过去“每次”，因此答案为B。句意为：“在过去的一小时里电话响了三次每次都是找我父亲的。”考题 123 点拨。答案为B。考查句式Its time sb did xth句意为：“你得走了，早该是你上学的时候了。”13 “w ith+ 宾语 +宾补”结构一般被称作是with的复合结构，可用来补充说明；更多的情况下作方式状语，表示伴随的动作或状态。 with+宾语 +介词短语eg： In the middle of china lies Hubei Province ， with its capital on the Yangtze River 湖北省位于中国的中部，它的省会在长江之滨。 The teacher was wal king up and down，with a book in her 1eft hand老师左手拿着一本书，正在走来走去。 with+宾语 +现在分词eg： He lay on his back，with his eyes looking up into the sky他躺着，眼瞅着天空。 with+宾语 +过去分词eg： with his homework done，he went out to play完成作业他就出去玩耍。 with+宾语十不定式短语eg： with the guide to lead us，we wtll have no difficulty finding his house有导游带路，我们将不费力地找到他的家。 with+宾语 +形容词 eg ： He is used to sleeping With the windOW open at night in summer他已习惯夏天开窗睡觉。 with+宾词 +副词 eg： He often sleeps with the light on他经常开着灯睡觉。考题 13-1 (典型例题 ) With a lot of difficult problems , the manager felt wor-ried all the 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 11 页time. A. settled B. settle C. settling D. to settle 考题 13-2 ( 典型例题分 ) He left the post office with all the magazines he needed _ A. buying B. to buy C. bought D. to be bought 考题 131 点拨：答案为D。从后面“经理一直很担心”可看出，问题要解决。考题 132 点拨：答案为c。从主句“他离开邮局”可知，他已经买了需要的所有杂志,用过去分词bought 作宾补，表被动和完成。五、词语辨析14a number of，the number of a number of“一些；若干”，和复数名词或代词连用，后面的动词也用复数形式。 eg ： A number of my friends are against the plan我的若干朋友都反对这个计划。 the number of的数量( 数目) ”介词of 同其后的名词构成介词短语，作定语修饰the humber ，当它作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 eg ： The number of the students standing there is about twenty站在那边的学生数目大约是二十。考 题14 ( 典 型 例 题分 )The number of people present at the meeting about one thou-sand, a large number of whom experts from abroad. A. was; was B. was; were C. were; were D. were; was 考题 14 点拨：答案为B。the humber of +单数谓语动词； a nLIYllber of+复数谓语动词。句意为：“出席会议的人数大约一千，他们当中的若干人是来自于国外的专家。”15Sitaation，state ，gobdition situatlon“情况；形势；局面”，主要是指各种情况之间的相互关系及该情况与有关人士之间的关系，强调相互之间的联系和影响。 eg ： He is in a difficult situation他处境艰难。 the international situation国际形势state “状态；状况”，常与不定冠词连用，只有单数形式与介词in 搭配使用。 eg ： She is in a good state of mind她心情不错。 Condition“状况；环境”，指周围环境时常用复数形式，与介词in 或 under 搭配使用。eg：living conditions居住状况 /环境 He is in no condition to travei他的健康状况不宜旅行。考题 15-1( 典型例题 she is in a poor of healthAs a result， she has to give up herjob A Dosition Bsituation Cstate Dcondition 考题 15-2( 典型例题 when you play footbaIl，what do you play? A situation Bplace C part Dposition 考题 151 点拨：答案为c。state与 a 连用指一种状况，状态，be in a p6or state of health指健康状况很差。句意：“她健康状况很差，结果，不得不放弃工作。”考题152点拨：答案为D。play a position踢某个位置 ;play a part扮演某个角色。句意为：“踢球时，你踢哪个位置 ?”语法归纳精通规则游刃有余直接引语和间接引语( 二) 祈使句和疑问句在间接引语中的用法：1祈使句的基本结构有下列几种类型： (1)Please+v ( 动词原形 ) 或 v ( 动词原形 )(+please) eg ：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 11 页 OK ，listen carefully，please 那么，请仔细听。 (2)Dont+v( 动词原形 )(+please) eg ： Dont touch anything without permission未经允许不准碰任何东西。 (3)Let+abj( 宾语 )+v ( 动词原形 )/not+v( 动词原形 ) eg ： Lets tidy the laboratory and put everything back in the cupboards让我们来收拾实验室，把所有的东西放回器皿柜里吧。2祈使语气委婉的句型：(1) “Will/Would/Can/Could you please+v( 动词原形 )?”eg： Will/Would/Can/Could you please give us instructions for using the laboratory?请给我们讲讲使用实验室的规则好吗? (2) “Would you mind+t， - ing? ” eg ： Would you mind allowing us to use the basin by the side of the cupboard?请允许我们使用器皿柜旁边的洗脸盆，好吗? (3) “Why not+v ( 动词原形 )?”eg： Why not do as your teacher teIls you to? 为什么不按你们老师吩咐的去做呢? (4) “祈使句， +附加疑问句 ?”Let us do ， will you/wont you? eg： Let us do the ex+perlment ourselves，will/wont you?允许我们自己做实验，好吗? “Lets do ， shall we/shant W : eg ： Lets make sure the lights are turned off and the door is locked，shall/shant we?让我们核实一下关灯和锁门的事吧，好吗? “Let me do ，will you/wont you/may I?”eg： Let me tidy the lab with you，may I? 我和你收拾实验室，好吗? “Do ， will，wont/would/you/can/cant/coula you?” eg ： Show me how to use this water pump。Wont you? 教我怎样使用这台抽水泵，好吗? “Dont dowill you?eg： Dont touch papers on my desk，will you?别碰我书桌上的文件，好吗?考题点拨：答案为 D。本句为祈使句变为问接引语。考题 I said to hIm，“please go ”I him to goA pleased B said to Cordered D asked IV专题探究由点及面由表及里专题探究：如何写好人物介绍式书面表达专题详解：人物介绍式书面表达是书面表达的重要内容，写好人物介绍式书面表达是写作的基本能力。做此类书面表达要注意以下几个方面的问题： (1)强化时态意识。人物介绍式书面表达在时态上具有明显的自我特色，介绍人物的现状用一般现在时，介绍人物的简历用一般过去时，介绍人物的未来情况用一般将来时，但不少同学时态意识不强，他们在写作时不认真思考、分析，随意使用时态，要么一律用一般现在时，要么将一般现在时或一般过去时随意交替使用等，造成了许多非水平因素的失分。因此，应强化时态意识。 (2)重视主谓一致性。主谓语一致是人物介绍式书面表达易出错误之一，尤其是当主语为第三人称单数时。当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词应用单数形式，但不少同学一律用复数形式，有时主语为复数时却又使用单数形式。(3) 注意句式前后照应。在介绍人物的姓名、性别、年龄、职业等现状时不少同学过分追精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 11 页求使用复杂的句式，例如使用主语后边加上同位语或破折号引导的解释性修饰语或定语从句句型，但在使用这些句型时忘记了后边应有的谓语动词，从而造成考题囤以下是你最好的朋友高明的一份调查表，请据此写一篇介绍朋友的短文。字数100 左右。句子成分的严重残缺，因此，影响了表达的准确性。 (4)写好文章开头和结尾，为了使人物介绍式书面表达具有照应性，同学们应认真写好开篇交代句和结尾总结句。写开篇交代句时因尚未交代人物详情，可适当写得笼统一些，但写结尾总结句时因人物详情已作介绍，因此宜写得具体一些，针对性强一些。本文开头句可用1 will never forget my friend，结尾可用Such is myfriend。 (5)熟练运用常见句型，人物介绍式书面表达有不少句型在很多场合是有规律性出现的，除了叙述人物姓名、年龄、身高、健康状况、业余爱好的有关句型以外，还有下列一些句型：He works hard He is good atHe is kind toIn the meantime he can get along/on well withHe is often praised byAll of us respect and love him deeplyName: Gao Ming Address: 181 Xinhua Road, Tangshan Telephone : 2823198 Postal code.-063500 E-mail : gaoming 263. net Date of birth:3ofh October, 1992 OccuPation: Study in No. 2 Middle School Height: 1.72m 考题点拨： ( 例文 ) Gao Ming,my best friend,is 1.72 metres tall,with black hair. Born on 3ofh October, 1992,he is now a middle School student. Gao Ming is studying in No. 2 Middle School. His native language is Chinese and he studies English as his foreign language. He is very interested in singing, drawing, dancing and reading. Everyone likes him because he is a good, kind student. If you want to make friends with him, here is his address: 181 Xinhua Road, Tangshan, postal code063500. His telephone number is 2823198, e-mail:gaoming263, net. 点评： my best friend作同位语，使句式简洁；恰当运用Born on 3ofh October，1992，突出了句式的多样化；运用中学阶段熟知的短语be in terested in ，make friends with等，体现了基本功扎实这一特点。总评：介绍人物以一般现在时为主。灵活运用各种句式，使表达上句型多样化。如with black hair ；born on 等。适当补充细节，使文章显得生动，如：Everyone likes him because he is a good，kind studentV考题类型一网打尽蓦然回首灯火阑珊回顾1 测试考点5 (典型例题 )_ with the size of the whole earth, the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. A. Compare B. When comparing C. Comparing D. When compared 1D 点拨：此题关键是看出compared with结构 when 不会对此句式造成影响。句意为： “当与整个地球的大小相比时，最大的海洋看上去也一点不大了。”回顾 2 测试考点14 (典型例题 ow adays, a large num-ber of women, especially those from the countryside, _in the clothing industry. A. is working B. works C. work D. worked 2c 点拨： a number of “好多大量”，后接可数名词复数形式，用复数的谓语动词；并且精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 11 页句子中有时间状语nowadays ，所以不能选过去时态。回顾 3 测试考点13 (典型例题 can you expect to get a pay rise. A. With hard work B. Although work hard C. Only with hard work D. Now that he works hard 3C 点拨：句意为： “只有努力工作你才有希望被加薪。” 2011 年高考题预测高瞻远瞩占尽先机一、考情预测年考情预测预测 1：the way作先行词，后面定语从句引导词的处理问题预测根据：定语从句是高中英语学习的一个重点语法，也是高考考查的一个热点和重点，但在高考考查语法时，会灵活考查学生对定语从句的掌握是否完全到位，是否会与日常的英语口语相联系，把英语语法的考查放在接近事实的语言环境中进行，真正测试出学生对英语这种语言的运用能力。命题角度预测：本考点会放在单项选择、完形填空和短文改错中进行考查。 eg ：I dont like the way he speaks to his mother. A. why B. when C. which D. / 此题的答案应选择D。the way作先行词，后面的定语从句的引导词可用in which/that/或什么都不用。预测 2：辨析： especially，specially 预测根据：副词的辨析是高考题中频繁出现的问题，尤其是在近三年的高考题中，这对学生来讲，也是比较难以驾驭的一个问题。命题角度预测：especially，specially的区别置于完形填空题中考查的可能性较大。要选择对，关键是清楚强调“尤其”侧重