2022年高中英语必修三知识点 .pdf

高中英语必修三知识点Unit 1 Festivals around the world 一重点短语1. roll over 翻身，打滚roll up 卷起roll down 滚下来2. dream of/about (doing) sth 梦见，梦想 3.at a concert 在音乐会上4. be honest with sb. 对诚实be honest about sth. be honest in doing sth. 5. form the habit of 养成的习惯in the form of 以的形式in form 在形式上6. passers-by 路人（复数）7.earn extra money 赚外快8. give sb. a chance to do 给某人做 的机会9.play jokes/a joke on sb. 捉弄play tricks/a trick on sb. laugh at/ make fun of 嘲笑；取笑10. base on 以为基础 , 基于 be based on 以为基础11. make music 做音乐12. break up 破裂; 拆散; 停止; （战争等）爆发break in/into 闯进break off 中断；停止break down 坏掉，发生故障；（身体）垮掉13. hit sb. on/in the+身体部位：击中某人的 14. by chance/accident 偶然，意外地15. come across 偶然遇见16.sort out 分类精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 18 页17.be confident of/about/in 对有信心18. give/put on a performance/perform 演出; 表演19.go wrong 出了毛病20. since then 从那时起e up with 提出22. stick to do = insist on doing 坚持做某事23. above of all 首先，最重要的是first of all 首先，第一24. play musical instrument 演奏乐器25. attract one s attention/interest 吸引某人的注意力 /兴趣”二重点语法 - 情态动词一、情态动词的特点 : 1. 没有人称和数的变化。2. 有些情态动词有过去式的变化: e.g. will would , can could , may might , dare dared 二、情态动词的否定式 : 情态动词 + not +动词原形 can not: cant , must not: mustnt , need not : neednt 三、情态动词的用法及相互区别, 是考试的内容之一1. can , be able to be able to 表示经过努力后 , 能够做到 ; be able to 有多种形式的变化。can 1). 表示体力或脑力方面的能力; 2). 表示允许、可能性。could 是 can 的过去式 , 表示过去有能力及过去存在的可能性; 用于疑问句表示委婉地提出问题。2.may 表示询问或说明一件事可不可做; 表示某事有可能发生。might是 may的过去式 ; 用在疑问中比 may 委婉、客气。1) -May I take this book out of the reading-room? -No, you mustnt. ( Yes, you may.) 2) -Might I make a suggestion? -Yes, you may. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 18 页3. must 1). 表示必须要做的事 : 必须2) 表示很有把握的推断: 一定 , 准是。 have (has)to : have (has)got to 必须, 不得不。过去式 : had to 3) -Must I get to the station before three oclock? -Yes, you must. ( No, you neednt. ) 4) Im afraid you will have to wait a while. 5) She must be in the classroom now. 4. shall 1) 在疑问句中 , 用于第一、三人称表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请求。2) 用于二、三人称 ,表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺等概念。1) - Shall I place an order with you now? -No, you needn t. -Shall he turn down the radio a bit? - Yes, please.(No, please dont.) 2) You shall have the English book as soon as I finish it. 3) Everything that he owns shall be taken away from him. 5. should 应该 ; 应当1) You should listen to the doctors advice. 2) You should study the article carefully. 6. will, would 1) 在疑问句中用于第二人称,表示说话人向对方提出请求或询问。用would语气更加婉转。2) will 表示现在的习惯性动作或状态; would 表示过去的习惯性动作或状态。3) will 用于各种人称 , 表示 意志、意愿、决心、允诺; would 表示过去时间的 意志、意愿、 . 。-Will you come with me? -Yes, I will. (I am sorry, I cant.) -Would you tell us something about yourself? -Yes, I will. 7. ought to 应该; 应当1) You oughtnt to smoke too much. 8. dare 1. dare to come 2. dare come 1) He dare not tell the truth. 2) He doesnt dare to come out at night. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 18 页9. need 1). 作为情态动词 :必须2). 作为实义动词 : 需要A.主语是人need( to do something ; to be done by somebody) B. 主语是事物need ( doing; to be done) 1) -Do they need to take any books with them? -No, they dont need to. 2) -Need we buy any new equipment? -No, we neednt. 3) This farm tool needs repairing. This farm tool needs to be repaired. 情态动词+ 不定式的完成式是高考的考试要点1、must have done,“ 一定做过 /一定已经 ” ，表示对过去情况极大把握地推测，仅用于肯定句2、may/might have done 也许做过某事（推测）；本来可以做某事却没做3、cant have done 为否定句或疑问句 ,对过去的推测 “ 不可能，一定没做过某事”could have done本来可以做某事却没做4. needn t have done 表示” 不必要做某事，但做了 ” ，而 needn t do 则表示” 不必做 (也没做 )”5. 、ought to /should have done 表示” 本来应当做的却没做 ”oughtn t / shouldn t have done 本来不应该做某事却做了6、would/could/might/should + have done 用来表示与过去事实相反的虚拟语气7、would rather have done 表示” 当时宁愿做了某事 ” ，否定形式： would rather not have done e.g. If I had been free that day, I would have gone with you. 8、would like/love to have done 表示” 本想做某事 ” 而实际上未做。Unit 2 Healthy eating 一重点短语1.a healthy diet健康饮食；a balanced diet平衡的饮食精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 18 页2.in different way用另外方式3.most often最经常4.feel frustrated感到沮丧5.by lunchtime到午餐时间6.must have happened一定发生过7.at the end of the street在街道的尽头8.be tired of 厌倦9.be amazed at sth. 对. 感到惊奇10.throw away扔掉11.get away with 逃脱12.tell lies说谎13.energy-giving food提供热量的食物body-building foods提供营养的食物14feel fit保持精力旺盛15.the weakness of the diet饮食的弱点the strength of the diet饮食的优点16.do some research into做一些 . 方面的研究17.earn one s living 谋生18.be in debt负债19.glare at怒视20.move round绕过21.spy on在暗中侦察；打探22.upset sb.使. 不安23.look ill 感到不舒服 feel sick感到恶心24.heavy food不易消化的食物25.chat(ting) about聊起关于 . 26.serve with用. 配27.rather than而不是28.cut down减少29.before long不久二重点语法 - 情态动词精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 18 页详见第一单元Unit 3 The million Pound Bank Note 一重点短语1. know about 了解关于 事2. make a bet 打赌3. win or lose the bet 在打赌中赢或输4. have bad luck 运气不好5. step inside 走进里面6. lead the way 带路7. I wonder if 我想知道是否 8. go right ahead 说下去9. as a matter of fact 事实上10. by accident 偶然11. sail out of the bay 驶出海湾12. stare at 盯着13. towards nightfall 到夜幕降临时14. carry out to sea 把带到了大海15. give oneself up for lost 因为迷路而绝望16. work as an unpaid hand 免费劳动17. account for 导致18. to be honest 坦白地说19. your idea of some kind of joke 你认为的一种笑话20. be on my way 上路21. show sb. out 把某人带出去22. be confident about 对 自信23. the cost of a journey 旅行费用24. give sb. a ride 让某人搭车25. lose one s patience 失去耐心26. do fifty jumps without stopping 不间断地连续跳五十下27. fall over 跌到28. account for your behavior 对你的行为做出解释精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 18 页29. be jealous of the others success 嫉妒别人的成功30. show a willingness to do sth. 表示乐意做谋事31. stay out of jail 免坐牢32. be reserved 被预定了33. take the gentleman s order 让那位绅士点菜34. the look on the waiter s face 服务员脸上的表情35. take a chance 碰碰运气36. read the bill 看帐单37. in a rude manner 用粗鲁的方式二重点语法：名词性从句主语从句名词性从句宾语从句表语从句同位语从句考点 1 主语从句从属连词(不作成分）that, whether 连接代词（作成分）what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever 连接副词（作状语）when, where, how, why 1连接词 that，whether 引导That the college wi ll take in more new students this year is true 今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance 他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。特别提示(1)if 不能引导主语从句。(2)形式主语 it 替代主语从句。常见的it 替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 18 页种：AIt+系动词 +形容词 +that 从句。如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure注: 在句型 “It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that . ” 中，that 后面的从句中的谓语动词用：should + 动词原形It s necessary that we should have a walk now.BIt+系动词 +名词+that 从句。如：It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace 我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。注: 在 It is demanded/suggested/ordered/required.that-clause句型中从句用(should )+动词原型It is demanded that we should work out a plan. CIt+be+ved 形式+that 从句。如：It is announced that the plan has been successfully carried out 据宣布计划已经顺利实施。注: 在 It is a pity/a shame/ no wonder that.句型中从句也常用 (should )+动词原型It s a pity that you (should) miss a good chance2连接代词引导What we can t get seems better than what we already have我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。who the letter was from is still unknown 这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。3连接副词引导How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear 针灸是如何减轻和解除疼痛的还不清楚。why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery 恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。考点 2 宾语从句从属连词that, whether, if 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 18 页(不作成分）连接代词（作成分）what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever 连接副词（作状语）when, where, how, why 1连接词 that，whether，if 引导I think(that)you should turn to the tea cher for help 我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。I don t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。特别提示whether/if 都意为 “ 是否” 。一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。(1)与 or not 紧接连用时。如：Let me know whether or not you can come请让我知道你是否能来。(2)作介词的宾语从句时。如：We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。2连接代词和连接副词引导连接代词有 what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever 等，连接副词有 when，where，why，how 等。如：She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class 她问我班上谁的书法最好。I 11 just say whatever comes into my mind我想到什么就说什么。Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began? 你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗 ? I ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更用趣。3宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 18 页He asked me when we could se t out the next day他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗? 4宾语从句的时态(1)当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。如：She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday 她说她周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时 ) she says(that)she will leave a message on his desk她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。 (从句是一般将来时 ) She says(that)she has never been to Mount Emei 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。 (从句是现在完成时 ) (2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时 ) He said that he was going to take care of the baby他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时 ) He said that they were having a meeting at that time他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时 ) (3)当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it 老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。He said that light travels much faster than sound 他说光比声音传播得快。特别提示在使用宾语从句时需要注意下面几点：(1)动词 find，feel，think，consider，make，believe，guess ，suppose，assume等后有宾语补足语时，则需要用it 作形式宾语，而将that 宾语从句后置。如：I think it necessary that we take plenty of boiled water every day我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的。I have made it a rule that I keep diaries我每天写日记成了惯例。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 18 页(2)hate，like，take，owe，have，take for granted等表示 “ 喜欢；痛恨；认为 ”的动词或动词短语和see to 表示“ 注意，留意” 后有宾语补足语时， 需要用 it 作形式宾语而将宾语从句后置。如：I hate it when they talk with their mouth full of food 我讨厌他们满嘴食物说话。When you start t he engine，you must see to it that the car is in neutral启动发动机时，一定要使汽车的离合器处于空档位置。(3)介词后的宾语从句。如：She is always thinking of how she can do more for others 她总想着如何才能为别人做得更多。We are talking about whether we admit students into our club 我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。(4)宾语从句的否定转移。 将 think，believe，suppose，expect，fancy，imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式， 而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如：I don t think I know you我想我并不认识你。I don t believe he will come我相信他不回来。(5) 在于表示命令、 建议、要求等一类词后面的宾语从句谓语用should +动词原形（ insist, order, command, suggest, advise, propose, require, request, demand, desire ）We suggested that the meeting (should) be put off. 考点 3、表语从句从属连词(不作成分）that, whether, as if, as thought 连接代词（作成分）what, who, whom, whose, which, wh+ever 连接副词（作状语）when, where, how, why.because 1连接词引导The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been informed 他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 18 页The question remains whether they will be able to help us问题还是他们能否帮我们。2连接代词和连接副词引导The problem is who will take charge of this shop问题是谁将接管这家店铺。That is when I realized the importance of journalism那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。特别提示(1)as/as if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词后面，如 seem，appear，look，taste，sound，feel 等。常用虚拟形式，即表示与现在事实相反，用过去式；与过去事实相反用过去完成式(had done).如：It sounds as if someone was knocking at the door 听上去好像有人在敲门。He speaks/ sp oke as if he had known about it (2)当主句的主语是 reason时，表语从句一般由that 引导，这种用法常见于句型 The reason why is that。如：The reason why he came late was that he got up late他来得晚是因为起床晚了。考点 4 同位语从句同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该名词之后， 说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，promise，suggestion，order 等。1通常用连词 that 引导同位语从句， that 无词义，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意从句用陈述句语序。如：They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again 他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。I have no idea that she quit her present job我不知道她辞掉了现在的工作。Give me your promise that you will come to our party this evening答应我，你今天晚上会来参加我们的聚会。2同位语从句还可以用whether，when，where，why，how 等引导。如：The student asked me the question whether the book Was worth reading 学生问了我这个问题：这本书是否值得一读。I have no idea why he was excited at that time我不知道当时他激动的原精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 12 页，共 18 页因。1. 在 suggestion / proposal / order / plan / advice / idea / request 等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用 “should 动词原形 ”should 可以省略My idea is that we (should ) think it over before accepting it.Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars 一重点短语1. think of as 把 看作是2a cloud of energetic dust具有能量的尘埃3. combine into合成 4. move around the sun环绕太阳运转5. become violent变得激烈6. the solid surface固体表面7. explode loudly猛烈爆炸8. in time及时，最终9. produce the water vapor产生水蒸汽10. make the earth s atmosphere 构成了地球的大气层11.cool down冷却12. on the surface在表面13. be different from与 不同14.go round the sun环绕太阳运转15. disappear from从 消失16. stay on存留在 17. show one s quality显现某人的特性 , 18.dissolve harmful gases分解，溶解有害气体 , 19. become part of变成的一部分 , 20. develop life发展生命 , 21.grow in the water在水里生长 , 22. encourage the development of鼓励 的发展 , 23 millions of years later几万年以后 , 24.live on land在陆地上生活 , 25. live in the sea在海里生存 , 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 13 页，共 18 页26. grow into forests长成森林 , 27. produce young生出幼仔 , 28. lay eggs下蛋, 29.animals with hands and feet长着手脚的动物 , 30.spread all over the earth遍布全世界 , 31.develop new methods发展了新的方法 , 32. move around迁徙, 33. go by过去，推移 , 34.prevent from 防止做 , 35.escape from into从 逃离到 ,36.depend on. 依靠，依赖，取决与 ,37. solve a problem解决38 be lucky enough足够幸运 , 39 make a trip 去旅行40. visit the moon参观月球 , 41. in the spaceship在太空飞船中 , 42. explain to that向 解释 , 43. on the journey在旅程中 , 44 be off启程, 45 rise into the air升人太空 , 46. feel the pull of the earth感觉到地球的拉力 , 47call gravity称为地球引力 , 48. push into the seat把 推向座位 , 49. say to ea ch other向彼此说 , 50.fall back to朝 落下去 , 51.fall from a tree从树上掉下来 , 52. fall to the ground朝地上落下去 , 53. get close to接近,54 cheer up高兴起来 , 55 float weightlessly around失重飘来飘去 , 56 in the spaceship cabin太空船舱 , 57. watch do看着 做, 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 14 页，共 18 页58. move freely自由的活动 , 59. climb down the steps从梯级上爬下来 , 60. step forward向前迈步 , 61.fall over摔倒, 62. need practice需要练习63.get the hang of掌握了 的诀窍 , 64. enjoy oneself感到自如 , 65. leave the moon s gravity 摆脱月球引力66. come back to 回到二重点语法 - 名词性从句详见第三单元Unit 5 Canada - ” The True North”一重点短语1. frost on the ground地上覆盖了一层薄霜2. around noon中午时分3. the most wealthy and biggest city in Canada加拿大最大最富有的城市4. leave for 离开去 5. go on a tour of the city继续在市内游览一番6. go up the tower登上塔顶7. look across the lake俯瞰湖面8. flow into流人9. flow ov er流经10. on one s way to在去的路上11. a covered stadium加顶的运动场12. walk north向北走13. phone from a telephone booth到电话亭给 打电话14. have dinner in downtown Chinatown在市内的中国城吃晚饭15. move to 移居到 16. meet at 在迎接17. get good Cantonese food吃到好吃的广东菜精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 15 页，共 18 页18. come from South China来自中国南方19. go as far as Ottawa去到远至渥太华20. about four hundred kilometers northeast of Toronto距多伦多东北大约有 400 公里21. take too long花费的时间长22. at dawn黎明23. at the train station在火车站24. have English words in small letters有小字体的英文标注25. go downtown到市区去26. be close to接近27. spend the afternoon in the lovely shops整个下午在可爱的商店28. visit in 在拜访29. sit in a caf坐在咖啡馆30. look over 眺望31. sit down with和坐在一起32. on a train trip across坐着火车上横穿 33. have a French culture具有法国文化34. speed along the river toward沿着河流驶向 35. dream of 梦想36. on a trip在旅途中37. on the Atlantic coast在大西洋海岸38. take the airplane乘飞机39. fly from to 从飞行到 40. take the train from to 乘火车从 到41. from west to east从西到东42. across Canada横穿加拿大43. cross the whole country横贯整个国家44. at the airport在机场45. take to 把带到46. catch the train