2022年非谓语动词讲解和练习 .pdf

1 非谓语动词一、非谓语动词:在句中不单独作谓语的动词叫非谓语动词。例： He likes to read the novel. He enjoyed traveling around world. John made Tom go with him. 解析：英语的单句中，可能有两个动词，动词2根据动词 1的而变化。而我们看到的动词2，及 (to do, doing, done等形式，就是非谓语动词?单句中的动词1与动词 2，?动词 1是谓语，有各种时态、语态、语气的变化?动词 2根据动词 1而变化例: He wanted to do that. I am enjoying seeing the film. Let us go! 二、非谓语动词的种类1.不定式to do 有还没有做的含义. 2.动名词 doing 表示抽象的名词意义3.现在分词 doing 表示主动或进行的意义. 4.过去分词 done 表示被动或完成的意义. 考点分析：非谓语动词是每年中考的必考内容，主要集中在对动词不定式和动名词的考查1动名词：动词 +doing 介词 +doing 1、只能接 -ing 作宾语的动词口诀：喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习，错过建议保持介意值得考虑押韵2、介词 +doing 常考介词 : at, in, on ，of, off, for, from，up, about, without ， to 等等注意：此to 非彼 to 介词 +doing look forward to doing sth. 盼望pay attention to doing sth. 注意be used to doing sth. 习惯于prefer doing sth to doing sth. 更喜欢devote to doing sth 致力于make a contribution to doing 做奉献enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事spend.doing sth. 花费 做某事be busy doing sth. 忙于做 imagine sb. doing sth. 想象 做某事cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事feel like doing sth. 想要做某事finish doing sth. 完成做某事practice doing sth. 练习做某事只加ving 的词miss doing sth. 错过做某事suggest doing sth. 建议做某事keep (on) doing sth. 保持继续做某事mind doing sth. 介意做某事be worth doing sth. 值得做某事consider doing sth. 考虑做某事be good at doing sth 擅长做某事be interested in doing sth. 对做某事感兴趣insist on doing 坚持做某事be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做某事be tired of doing sth. 厌烦做某事be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事put off doing 推迟做某事stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事give up doing sth. 放弃做某事without doing sth. 没有做某事think about doing sth. 考虑做某事What How about doing 做某事怎么样? 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 8 页2 小试牛刀1. Now more and more people are busy_ about the Internet. A. learn B. to learn C. learning D. learned 2.-Its too hot. Would you mind _the door? -_. Please do it. A. to open; OK B. opening; Certainly not C. opening; Of course D. to open; Good idea 3. No matter how hard it is, well keep_until we make it. A. failed B. failing C. tried D. trying 4. -Are you enjoying_in Ningbo? -Yes, we are. Very much. A. to live B. living C. lives D. lived 5 We couldn t help _(laugh) after we heard the funny story A. to laugh B. laughing C. laughs D. laughed 2动词不定式 : 1、只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：2、接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：3、省略 to 的情况 :使役动词和感官动词后：一感二听三让四看feel/ hear, listen to/ let, make, have, / look at, see, watch, notice had better not do sth. 最好 (不)做why not /why don t you do sth 为什么不做 ?help sb. to do sth Would rather宁愿做 would you please 情态动词 +do 助动词 +do 决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事decide to do sth. 决定做某事want would like t o do sth. 想做某事plan to do sth. 计划做某need to do sth. 需要做某事agree to do sth. 同意做某事afford to do 能做某事迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事make up ones mind to do 下决心做某事used to do 过去常常做某事fail to do 未能做某事答应告诫允许提醒和帮助promise sb. to do 答应某人做某事warn sb. not to do sth. 告诫某人做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事想要邀请期待鼓励与建议want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事请求与命令ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 8 页3 ? 感官动词+ doing / do 感官动词see, watch, observe, notice, look at, hear, listen to, smell, taste, feel + do表示动作的完整性，真实性；+doing 表示动作的连续性，进行性例如： I saw him work in the garden yesterday.昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。(强调 我看见了 这个事实 ) I saw him working in the garden yesterday. 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。强调 我见他正干活这个动作典型例题1They knew her very well. They had seen her _ up from childhood.A. growB. grewC. was growingD. to grow 答案： A。因题意为，他们看着她长大，因此强调的是成长的过程，而非正在长的动作，因此用see sb do sth 的句型。2The missing boy was last seen _ near the river.A. playingB. to be playingC. playD. to play 答案 A. 此题强调其动作，正在河边玩，应此用see sb. doing sth句型。牛刀小试1. My mother often asks me _ some cleaning on Sundays A do B. does C. did D. to do 2. Do you often hear John _in his room ? Listen! Now we can hear him _ in his room . A.sing , to sing B. sing, sing C. sing , singing D. to sing , singing 3. I watched her _ in the next room last night . A.dancing B. to dance C. dances D. dance 4.Let s _swimming after the exam . A.go B. goes C. to go D. went 5. Youd better _a bus .A.to catch B. catch C. catches D. catching 特殊词精讲 :to do doing remember forger (do 在后 ) 要做do 在前做过stop go on 两个字两件事一个字一件事like hate love一次性长期try 尽力做尝试做start begin一样一样1) remember doing / to do ?remember to do 记得去做某事(未做 ) ?remember doing记得做过某事(已做 ) 例如： Remember to go to the post office after school.记着放学后去趟邮局。Dont you remember seeing the man before? 你不记得以前见过那个人吗? 2) forget doing / to do ?forget to do忘记要去做某事。(未做 ) ?forget doing忘记做过某事。(已做 ) 例如： The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. (没有做关灯的动作) He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。( 已做过关灯的动作) 典型例题精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 8 页4 - The light in the office is still on. - Oh ，I forgot_.A. turning it offB. turn it offC. to turn it offD. having turned it off 答案： C。由 the light is still on 可知灯亮着，即关灯的动作没有发生，因此用forget to do sth. 而forget doing sth表示灯已经关上了，而自己忘记了这一事实。此处不符合题意。3)regret doing / to do ?regret to do对要做的事遗憾。(未做 ) ?regret doing对做过的事遗憾、懊悔。(已做 ) 例如： I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice.我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有方法。I dont regret telling her what I thought.我不为告诉她我的想法而懊悔。典型例题-You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. -Well, now I regret _ that. A. to doB. to be doingC.to have doneD.having done 答案： D。regret having done sth. 对已发生的事感到遗憾。regret to do sth. 对将要做的事感到遗憾。此题为对已说的话感到懊悔，因此选D。4) cease doing / to do ?cease to do长时间，甚至永远停做某事。?cease doing短时停止做某事，以后还会接着做。例如： That department has ceased to exist forever. 那个部门已不复存在。The girls ceased chatting for a moment when their teacher passed by.姑娘们在老师走过时，停了会聊天。5) stop doing / to do ?stop to do停止，中断做某事后去做另一件事。?stop doing停止做某事。例如： They stop to smoke a cigarette.他们停下来，抽了根烟。I must stop smoking.我必须戒烟了。典型例题： She reached the top of the hill and stopped _on a big rock by the side of the path.A. to have restedB. restingC. to restD. rest 答案： C。由题意可知，她到了山顶，停下来在一个路边的大石头上休息。因此，应选择stop to do sth. 停下来去做另一件事 。而不仅仅是爬山动作的终止，所以stop doing sth.不正确。6) go on doing / to do ?go on to do做了一件事后，接着做另一件事。?go on doing继续做原来做的事。例如：After he had finished his maths，he went on to do his physics.做完数学后，他接着去做物理。7) try doing / to do ?try to do努力，企图做某事。?try doing试验，试着做某事。例如：You must try to be more careful.你可要多加小心。I tried gardening but didnt succeed. 我试着种果木花卉，但未成功。8) be afraid doing / to do ?be afraid to do不敢，害怕去做某事，是主观上的原因不去做，意为 怕 ；?be afraid of doing担忧出现 doing 的状况、结果。doing 是客观上造成的，意为“ 生怕，恐怕 ” 。例如： She was afraid to step further in grass because she was afraid of being bitten by a snake. 她生怕被蛇咬着，而不敢在草丛中再走一步。She was afraid to wake her husband. 她不敢去叫醒她丈夫。She was afraid of waking her husband. 她生怕吵醒她丈夫。9) mean to doing / to do ?mean to do打算、想?mean doing意味着精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 8 页5 例如： I mean to go, but my father would not allow me to.我想去，但是我父亲不肯让我去。To raise wage means increasing purchasing power.赠加工资意味着增加购买力。?课时训练1、用括号中动词的适当形式填空_(fish)is my favourite sport.I often _ _(fish) for hours without_(catch) anything. But this doesnt worry me.Some of the fishermen _ (be) unlucky.Instead of_(catch)fish,they catch old shoes.I am even less lucky. I never catch anything not even old shoes .After_ (spend)whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag, “You must give u p_(fish)!”My friends say. “Its a waste of time. ”But they dont know one important thing.Im not really interested in_(fish).Im only interested in_(sit)in a boat and_(do) nothing at all.2、拓展精练1.Martin looks so well. Weve never seen him _ so well before.A. is looked B. is looking C. to look D. look 2.My father has decided _ because smoking is bad for his health. A. to stop to smoke B. to stop smoking C. stopping smoking D. stop to smoke 3It is kind _ me to carry these books. A. of you helping B. for you to help C. of you to help D. for you helping 4 Would you like _ some bread or biscuits? No thanks. I dont feel likeanything now. A. to have, eating B. to have, to eat C. having, to eat D. having, eating 5. Do you remember me, Tom? Ah, yes, I remembered _ you in JUSCO last year. A. see B. sees C. to see D. seeing 1.We are interested in _ to swim. A. study B. studying C. learn D. learning 2.My grandfather wants _around the world because he enjoys _new places. A. traveling , seeing B. to travel , to see C. to travel, seeing D. traveling ,to see 3. Jack gives me a piece of paper_. A. to write B. to write on C. to write at D. to write in 4. Lets make a fire _ ourselves up.A. to warm B. warming C. warm D. warmed 5.When I was walking in the field, I saw a plane _over my head. A. flew B. flies C. flying D. fling 1. The old men enjoy _ to the singing of the birds in the park. A. listen B. to listen C. listening D. to listening 2.My sister is interested in _ in her free time. A. watch TV B. reading books C. listening music D. plays basketball 3.Let me _ you _ the flowers. A. to help ，water B. helping ，watering C. help ，water D. to help ，to water 4. I saw him _ into the small store. A. wentB. goingC. to goD. has gone 5.He is good at_. A.singing B.sing C.sings D.to sing 根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。1. Is it necessary _(learn) a foreign language? 2. He is good at _(swim). 3. Do you have anything _(say) for yourself? 4. Its spring now. Its time _(plant) trees.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 8 页6 5. Don t keep me _(wait) for a long time.6. The policeman told the boys not _(play) in the street. 7. Her son is too young _(dress) himself. 8. The ice _(cover) with snow is dangerous to walk on. 9. China doesnt want _(copy) the USAs example.10. Lets _(have) a rest, shall we? 11. The speaker spoke too quickly for us _(understand). 12. The book seems easy _(read). 13. I asked him _(show) me his new pen. 14. A _(break) car is parked at the corner of the road. 15. Knives are used for _(cut) things. 16. What s his _(give) name, do you know?17. I really dont know what _(do) next.18. I often hear people _(say) “_(see) is _(believe)”.19. You d better _(try) this me dicine. 20. They said they had nothing _(worry) about. 21. Can you finish _(read) the book in three days? 22. I have been busy all these days. I really want _(relax) myself. 23. The doctor was busy _(operate) on the boy at that time. 24. Mary opened the door for him _(come) in. 25. _(tell) you the truth, I dislike making friends with him. 26. His wish was _(become) a doctor. 27. Stop _(talk) and listen to me carefully. 28. Thank you very much for _(help) us. 29. Granny is very ill and she doesnt feel like _(eat) anything.30. Would you like _(climb) the mountain with me? 31. The girl enjoys _(listen) to light music. 32. Do you remember _(buy) me a beautiful skirt on my 13th birthday? 33. Which of the following things would you like _(own)? 34. We couldnt help _(laugh) after we heard the funny story.35. What about _(go) out for a walk? 36. The boy was too short _(reach) the toy on the desk. 37. I found a man _(lock) the door when I passed by. 38. I was wrong _(speak) to her about it. 39. _(be) honest, I just dont like him.40. Mr Fang promised _(provide) some help to the village school. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 8 页7 用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空，使句子完整、正确。1. Sometimes we find her _ drive the tractor on the farm. 2. Li Lei is asking his uncle, an English teacher, _help him think of a foreign name. 3. - Hi! Li Hong. I didnt see you at the party.- Oh, I was busy _get ready for the coming exams. 4. The old men enjoy _listen to the singing of the birds in the park. 5. The girl _stand under the tree is my cousin Kate. 6. Books _ write in easy English are very popular among Chinese middle school students. 7. Why did you keep your brother _ wait for a long time that evening? 8. I found the door _close when I got home. 9. When they met again, they were too excited _say a word. 10. Through the window, I saw some boys _play basketball. 11. He didnt finish _ write the book until last week. 12. - How long did it take you _do your homework yesterday?- About half an hour. 13. Let me _help you _water the flowers. 14. My watch doesnt work. It needs _ repair . 15. _ take good care of the vegetables, and they will grow better. 16. How much time did you spend _ watch TV last night? 17. I prefer _read books at home rather than _goshopping on Sundays. 18. Its going _rain ; you d better _ take an umbrella with you. 19. I often hear people _say“_ see is _ believe ”.20. Though he often made his deskmate _cry , today he was made _cry by his deskmate. 21. _ repair my TV set cost me 100 yuan. 22. There are a number of students waiting to get _ examine . 23. Its too cold. Lets make a fire _ warm ourselves up. 24. You dont need _ worry about your friend. He is safe at home. 25. We hav ent yet decided whether _ get there by bus or by bike. 26. Would you please _make a little more room for the old woman? 27. Excuse me for _come in without being asked. 28. Little Sandy would love _take to the cinema this evening. 29. Mr. Black gave up _smoke only a few years ago. He looks very healthy now. 30. Im hungry. Get me something _ eat . 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 8 页8 答案：1-5DBCAD 1-5DCBAC 1-5CBCBA fishing, fish, catching, are, catching , spending, fishing, fishing, sitting, doing 【试题答案】1. to learn 2. swimming 3. to say 4. to plant 5. waiting 6. to play 7. to dress 8. covered 9. to copy 10. have 11. to understand 12. to read 13. to show 14. broken 15. cutting 16. given 17. to do 18. say; seeing ; believing 19. try 20. to worry 21. reading 22. to relax 23. operating 24. come 25. Tell 26. to become 27. talking 28. helping 29. eating 30.to climb 31. listening 32. buying 33. to own 34. laughing 35. going 36. to reach 37. locking 38. to speak 39. To be 40. to provide 【试题答案】1. driving2. to help3. getting4. listening5. standing 6. written7. waiting8. closed9. to say10. playing 11. writing12. to do13. help; towater14. repairing15. Taking 16. inwatching17. to read; go18. to rain; take 19. say; Seeing; believing20. cry; to cry21. Repairing 22. examined23. to warm24. to worry25. to get 26. make27. coming28. to be taken29. smoking30. to eat 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 8 页