2022年高三英语教案定语从句 .pdf
学习必备欢迎下载高三英语语法复习专题（12）Unit12 定语从句一、考点聚焦1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please. 3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词（1） 先行词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和 no 与-boy, -thing 的合成词；或 all、none、any、 some、that、those 等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。This is the place which is worth visiting. 关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。There are many places we can visit（them）in China. 4、关系词：引导定语从句的都称关系词关系代词： who, whom, which, that, whose, as。关系副词： when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。5、确定关系词的步骤（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。6、在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that 而不用 which （1）先行词被形容词最高级序数词数词几种词修饰或被only 、any、few、little、no、 all 、one of等修饰时。（2）先行词为all、much、little 、none、few、one、something、anything 等不定代词时。（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。He was looking pleasantly at te children and parcels that filled his bus. （4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。The village is no longer the one that was 5 years ago. （5）当主句中含有疑问词which 时。Which are the books that you bought for me ? 7、宜用 which 而不用 that 的情况（1）在非限制性定语从句中精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 4 页学习必备欢迎下载（2）在关系词前有介词时（3）当先行词本身是that 时（4）当关系词离先行词较远时8、关系词 who 与 that 指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词（1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。（2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、 one等词时，关系词用who。（3）当主句是who 作疑问词时，关系词用that。Who is that girl that is standing by the window? （4）whom 在从句中只作宾语，可被who 取代。9、whose 作关系词既指人又指物，在从句中作定语。如：Do you know Mr.Smith whose story is very moving ? There is a room, whose window faces the river. There is a room, the window of which faces the river. 10、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。（1）先行词被such 和 the same修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as 引导。Such books as you bought are useful. The school is just the same as it was 10 years age. 注意：区别 such that 引导的结果状语从句。They are such lovely children that we love them much.the same that 引导定语从句。I want to use the same tool that you used just now. （2）无先行词的定语从句用as和 which 引导。区别：意义上：as 含有“这点正如一样”。位置上：as 从句可置句首，也可在另处。He didn t pass the exam, as we had expected.There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out. As is known, the earth is round, not flat. 11、关系副词when 与 where、why、that when 指时间= in / at / on / during which where 指地点= in / at / from / which why 指原因= for which 当先行词为way、day、reason、time 时，可用that 作关系副词。 （非正式场合）I don t like the way that / in which / he talks.当 time 作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French. 12、必须注意的问题（1）关系词作主语时，从句中谓语的数。（2）注意区别定语从句与强调句。定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。强调 it无意义， that / who不是引导词。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 4 页学习必备欢迎下载强调 it is / was和 that / who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句 ) It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句）（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略。同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。Word came that their army was defeated.(同位语 ) We expressed to them our wish that was the same as their.(定语 ) （4）关系词在从句中省略的情况。关系词作宾语，前无介词时。关系词作表语。（5）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的翻译。（6）关系词前有介词或复杂介词，关系词只能是which 和 whom。（7）几个特殊的定语从句句型：He is the only one of the students who has got very good marks in the match.（句中 one 为先行词）He is one of the students who have got good marks in the match.（句中 students为先行词）Is this place the one (that) we visited yesterday? Is this the place(that / which)we visited yesterday ? He stood at the window, from where he could see what was happening. It may rain, in which case the match will be put off. 二、精典名题导解选择填空1. The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that faraway village. （NMET 2001）A.until B.that C.when D.where 解析：答案为C。本题考查分隔定语从句的关系词的选择。作好本题的关键是要能辨认出该定语从句的先行词the hours 和关系词被介词短语to me 所分隔。 定语从句的先行词是表时间的名词hours, 并且关系词在从句中用作状语，故应选择表示时间的关系副词when。2. _ is known to everybody, the noon travels around the earth once every month.(NMET 2001) A.It B.As C.That D.What 解析：答案为B。本题考查as 引导的非限制定语从句。as 作“正如”解时，引导的非限制性定语从句来修饰整个句子。当as 在从句中作主语时，常用于下列短语：as is known 、as is said、as is reported、as is announced 等。要注意掌握作关系代词引导定语从句的用法。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 4 页学习必备欢迎下载3. After living in Pairs for fifty years he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.(NMET 1996) A.which B.where C.that D.when 解析：答案为B。本题考查限制性定语从句中关系词的选择。定语从句的先行词是表示地点的名词短语the small town, 且关系词不作定语从句中的主语和宾语而作地点状语，因此定语从句必须用关系副词where 引导。 要注意分清先行词在从句中充当的成分，然后选择适当的关系词。4.The English play my students acted at the New Year s party was a great success.A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 解析：答案为 C。 考定语从句。 主句部分应是The English play at the New Years party was a great success. 从句补全为独立句子应是my students acted in the play。所以应选in which ，其余介词不妥。5.There were dirty marks on her trousers she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that 解析：答案为A。本题考地点状语从句，用where 引导。句意是“她的裤子上她擦过手的地方有脏痕” 。此处不能用时间状语从句，排除 C，本题易被误认为考定语从句，意为“在她擦过手的裤子上有脏痕”。定语从句修饰trousers，也只能用where。B 和 D 可引导定语从句，但只作主、宾等成分。定语从句缺少状语，不缺主语、宾语，故不可用。6.The journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, the sailing time was 226 days. A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which 解析：答案为A。本题考定语从句，关系代词which 指代 the journey，定语从句恢复为独立句子应是：The sailing time of the journey was 226 days, 故选 of which 。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 4 页
