2022年高二英语Unit20Archaeology知识点总复习教案 .pdf

高二英语 Unit20 Archaeology知识点总复习教案Section I 课前准备、听力、口语1. Practise expressing curiosity. 联系表达好奇心。(p.73 Goals) curiosity n. 好奇心 ; 求知欲；珍品 , 古董 ; 奇人 事、物 奇特性He is full of curiosity. 他充满了好奇心。be on tiptoe with curiosity充满好奇心from curiosity (=out of curiosity) 在好奇心驱使下in open curiosity 公然出头过问与自己无关的事Curious killed a cat. 好奇伤身。2. Describe the life of people in China during the periods above. 描绘一下上图那个时期中国人的生活。(p.73 Warming Up 1) describe (1) vt. 形容，描写搭配： describe as 把描绘成，把说成Words cant describe my joy. 语言不能形容我的快乐。He described himself as a teacher. 他说自己是老师。(2) vt. 画( 图形 ) ，制 ( 图) He described a circle within a square. 他在一个正方形内画了个圆。(3) 短语 beyond description 无法用语言形容的The play was boring beyond description. 这出戏枯燥得难以用语言来形容。巧记： -scribe 动词后缀； -scription 名词后缀； -scriptive 形容词后缀联想： ( 派 )description n. 描写，形容；种类，性质descriptive 描述的，说明的3. what did their homes look like? 你的家乡看上去是什么样子的? (p.73 Warming Up 1) What.like? 怎么样像什么什么样子? What is he like? 用来询问人的性格、能力、成就或给人的印象，亦可询问外表。用于指物时，What is it like? 用来询问事物的性质、质量、特征等，有时候要求作详细的描述。 What does he / it look like? 仅仅用于询问人或事物的外部特征。- Whats her mother like? 她母亲是什么样的人? - Oh, she is quite nice. 噢，她相当好。- Whats the new teacher like? 新老师是什么样的人? - Hes got a red beard and he makes stupid mistakes. 他留着红胡子，犯一些愚蠢的错误。What is the tea like? 这茶怎么样 ? ( 指质量 ) - What was the concert like? 音乐会怎么样? - It was excellent. 太妙了。 Whats the weather like this morning? 今天上午的天气怎么样? - What does it look like? 它是什么样子 ? - Its small and square. 它很小，是正方形的。- What does he look like? 他是什么样的人? - He is tall and thin and very badly dressed. 他又高又瘦，穿戴很糟。注意： What is he? 用来询问职业、职务、社会地位等。How is he? / How are you? 通常对身体状况的询问。- What is your brother? 你哥哥是做什么工作的? - He is a worker. 他是个工人。- How are you? 你好吗 ? - Fine, thank you. And you? 很好，你呢 ? 4. Im curious about 我对感到好奇。(p.75 Useful expressions) curiousadj. 好奇的；有求知欲的 A good student should always be curious to learn. 好学生应有求知欲。Dont be too curious about things you are not supposed to know. 对于不要你知道的事别多去打听。It is curious that he should have failed to win the race. 他竟然没赢得比赛，真是奇怪。注意： be curious about 对好奇； It is curious + that. 是奇怪的；be curious to do sth. 渴望去做某事 ( 强调好奇心态) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 11 页辨析： curious ，anxious 与 eager curious 强调好奇心态，anxious 侧重“忧虑”，eager 作“渴望的，热切的”强调一种积极向上的心态。The boy is curious about the origin of mankind. 这个男孩对人类起源感到好奇。We are anxious about his safety. 我们为他的安全而忧虑。He is eager to join the PLA. 他渴望参加人民解放军。联想： ( 派) curiously adv. 好奇地 curiosity n. 好奇 ( 心) Section II 阅读5. On May 3, 2002, archaeologists in England found a grave of a man dating back to around 2300 BC. 2002 年 5 月 3 日，英国考古学家发现了一座约公元前2300 的男人墓穴。 (p.75 Reading 第一段第 1 行) date back to追溯到date 此处作动词用，意为“确定的年代”“计算的日期”通常与from 或 back to连用，意为“追溯到” 如： The castle dates back to the 14th century. 这城堡可以追溯到十四世纪。 The prosperity of the family dates from the war.这个家族的富裕可追溯到战争年代。 This custom dates back to the Tang Dynasty.这习俗可追溯到唐朝。【注】 date作动词时，可引申为“ ( 开始) 变得过时”之意。如： Some James Bond films have dated more quick- ly than others.有些 007 电影比其他的过时得快。 This sort of style never dates. 这种流行式样永远不会过时。【注】 date还有“显示人的年龄”之意。如：That suit dates you so much. 你穿那套衣服使你显得很老。6. That would have made him a man of distinction. 这能显示出他地位的卓越。(p.75 Reading 第二段第 3 行) distinction n. 区别 ; 差别 ; 不同之处；特征; 特性 ; 个性；优越 ; 卓越 ; 盛名；功勋 ; 荣誉; 勋章the chief distinction of Chinese food中国食品的主要特征a writer of distinction 一位卓越的作家academic distinctions学术上的荣誉There is no appreciable distinction between the twins. 在这对孪生子之间看不出有什么明显的差别。His distinc- tion of sound is excellent. 他辨别声音的能力很强。His style lacks distinction. 他的文体缺乏个性。7. Next to them lay a cushion stone, upon which the man could work metal. 在它们的旁边放着一块垫东西的石头，这个人有可能在上面锻造金属。(p.75 Reading 第三段第 2 3行) 本句是一个倒装句，主语是 a cushion stone ，谓语是 lie的过去式lay ，整个谓语都提前，为全部倒装。这种倒装结构主要是为了句子的平衡，在宾语中，有时句子的主语过长，又没有宾语，为了使句子较为平衡，同时也为了使句子更生动，常将状语提到句首，将主谓倒装，这种倒装是直接把谓语动词放到主语之前，不需要加助动词。请阅读下面的倒装句，体会这种倒装句的结构。 Over the wall came a shower of stones. 从墙上飞来一阵石块。 On every - side stretched fields of green wheat. 四周都是葱茏的麦田。 At the top of the hill stood a tiny temples. 在山顶上有一座小小的寺庙。 Next to it stood a pile of paper cups. 它旁边立着一堆纸杯。 In the distance could be seen the green hills.能看到远处绿色的群山。 In the doorway stood a man with a gun.门道里站着一个拿枪的人。 work 在此处作及物动词用，意为“制作”“锻造”“塑造”。如： He worked a silver dollar into a bracelet. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 11 页他把一枚银元铸成一只手镯。 They worked a piece of copper into a tray.他们把一块铜铸成一个盘子。【注】work 作及物动词时有多种意思，请阅读下列句子， 体会 work 的含意。 He worked his farm with success. 他成功地经营着他的农场。 Our teacher works us very hard. 我们的老师对我们抓得很紧。 The wounded man worked his way across the fields on his hands and knees. 这受伤的人靠手和膝盖爬过田野。 Can you work the stone into place? 你能慢慢挪动石头使它就位吗? The landlord almost worked his farmhands to death. 那地主迫使雇农们累死累活地干。 Do you know how to work the machine? 你知道这机器怎么开吗 ? 8. It was all that a person would need to survive clothing, tools, weapons, pottery and spare materials to make new tools. 这些全都是一个人赖以生存的必需品衣服、工具、武器、陶瓷、以及制造新工具用的备用材料。(p.75 Reading 第三段倒数第 1 行) spare (1) adj. 备用的 Please stay with us, we have a spare room for you. 请住下吧，我们有给你的备用房间。Each car should have a spare tyre. 每辆车都应有个备用轮胎。(2) adj. 多余的，空闲的What do you like doing in your spare time. 在空余时间，你喜欢干什么 ? Have you got a spare moment? There is something Id like to discuss. 你有空吧 ? 我有事要跟你讨论。(3) v. 出让，抽出 ( 时间 ) 让给He said he could spare me 5 minutes. 他说他能为我抽出 5 分钟的自由活动时间。Can you spare me this book for a while? 这本书你能让我看一会儿吗 ? (4) v. 节约，省用We hope that readers will not spare their comments. 我们希望读者无保留地提出意见。No trouble was spared to make sure the guests enjoyed themselves. 不惜一切代价确保客人们玩得尽兴。(5) v. 省掉，用不着We can spare you for tomorrow. 明天我们可以不要你帮忙了。Use the telephone and spare yourself a visit. 打个电话，用不着你亲自去一趟。注意： spare no effort(s) 不遗余力； spare no expense 不惜工本9. The discovery is important for a variety of reason.这次发现非常重要，其原因是多方面的。 (p.75 Reading 第四段第 1 行) variety (1) n. 多样化，变化She doesnt like the work because it lacked variety； she was doing the same thing all the time.她不喜欢这项工作因为它缺乏变化，她过去一直做同样的工作。(2) n. 种类Everyone arrived late at the party, for a varie- ty of reasons. 由于种种原因，所有人到会都迟到了。拓展 ：a variety of = varieties of 各种各样a lot of = lots of 大量，许多a mass of = masses of 众多，大量都既修饰可数名词也修饰不可数名词联想 ：( 派 ) vary v. 变化；改变 various adj. 不同的，各种各样的10. Archaeologists tend to believe that this man was a member of a powerful class 考古学家倾向于认为这个人是有权阶级中的一员。(p.76 Reading 第一段第 1 行) 动词tend 的用法(1) tend在本课中作“倾向于”“有某种趋势”解，后接不定式。如： My mother tends to get tired in the evenings.我母亲在晚上容易疲劳。 His novels tend to be pessimistic.他的小说有悲观倾向。 A problem for manufacturers is that lighter cars tend to be noisy. 制造商所面临的问题是较轻型的轿车往往噪音很大。 It tends to rain a lot in summer here.这儿夏天常常下雨。 I tend to think that members of parliament do a good job.我常常以为议员们的工作总是做得很好。 (2) tend 也可作“有助于”解。如： These measures tend to improve working conditions.精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 11 页这些措施有助于改善工作条件。 (3) tend 在正式用语中有“照管”“照例”“护理”之意，相当于look after 。 He tends the flower beds and evergreens that he has planted in the driveway. 他总是细心呵护着种植在车道边的花圃和常青树。 She tended her husband carefully during his illness.丈夫生病期间，她悉心照顾他。11. But the smaller blue stones, still weighing four tons on average, came from west Wales. 但是，更小的蓝石头平均都有四吨重，它们是从威尔士西部运来的。(p.76 Reading 第二段第 3 行 ) weigh (1) vt. / vi. 称的重量，掂量的分量; 重量为 Have you weighed yourself lately? 最近你称体重了吗? The first man-made satellite of our country weighs 173 kilograms. 我国第一颗人造卫星重173 公斤。注意 ：weigh 作及物动词，意为“称”，强调动作；用作不及物动词，意为“重”，没有被动语态。(2) v. 考虑，权衡 You have to weigh the costs of the new system against the benefit it will bring. 你必须权衡新体系的花费和它将带来的利益。weigh the advantages and disadvantages 权衡利弊拓展 ：by weight 按重量计算； put on weight 体重增加； lose weight 体重减轻； weight lifting 举重They are sold by weight. 它们是按重量出售的。Shes lost weight / put on weight since I last saw her. 从我上次见到她，她已经变瘦胖了。12. It is not yet known how these were conveyed over a distance of 380 kilometres. 至今还不知道这些石头是如何从380 公里以外的地方运来的。(p.76 Reading 第二段第 4 行) 谈谈动词convey 的用法 (1) 本课中 convey 作“搬运”“运送”解。如： This ship conveys oil from the Middle East. 这艘船从中东运输石油。 This train conveys both passengers and goods. 这列火车既载客又运货。 A taxi conveyed us to the railway station. 一辆出租车将我们载到火车站。 A chimney conveys smoke to the outside. 烟囱将烟排到室外。 (2) convey 可作“表达”“传达( 思想感情 ) ”“转达”解释。 Really? I said, trying to convey that it did not really matter. “真的吗 ?”我说，意思是说那并非真的要紧。 Convey my congratulations to your brother. 代我向你弟弟表示祝贺。 His manner conveyed a slight nervousness. 他的态度透露出一点紧张。 I couldnt convey my feelings in words at that time. 当时我的心情无法用语言表达。 Words cannot convey how happy I am. 言语无法表达我是多么幸福。 (3) convey 亦可作“传导”“传播”“传染”解。如： Air is the medium by which sound waves are conveyed.空气是声波传播的媒质。 A wire conveys an electric current. 导线输送电流。13. It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to the stones: 这可能与巨石王有关 (p.76 Reading 第二段倒数第 2 行) link (1) v. 用环连接；连接，联系The road links all the new towns. 这条路联通所有新城镇。 Our struggle against imperialism is closely linked to that of the worlds people. 我们的反帝斗争是同全世界人民的反帝斗争紧密联系的。(2) n. 环节，链环 Research has established a link between smoking and lung cancer. 研究已确定了吸烟与肺癌的关系。The links in a chain of development. 发展过程中的各个环节 Cultural links 文化联系Keep close links with the masses 密切联系群众辨析 ：link (up) with，connect with 及 join ( to) 与 adjoin to link (up) with = 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 11 页connect with 与相连接：通常“水域”相连用link (up) with，“车辆 ( 道路，交通 ) ”相连用 connect with join ( to) 指直接连接( 两个以上的东西) adjoin to 与毗邻 There the irrigation canal links up with the reservoir. 这条灌溉渠道在那儿与水库连接起来。The trolley bus connects here with a bus for the airfield. 这辆无轨电车在这儿衔接去机场的公共汽车。The new highway has joined our commune to the city. 这条新高速公路把我们的公社与城市连接起来了。The cotton field adjoins to the rice field. 棉田与稻田相接。14. he may have had a hand in planning the monu- ment , or in helping transport and pull up the stones. 他可能参与策划建立这个纪念碑，或者帮助运输和竖起巨石。(p.76 Reading 第二段倒数第 12 行) have a / ones hand in (1) 也可以用take a hand in ，意为“参与”“介入”“对负责一部分责任”。如： I had no hand in arranging the meeting. 我不负责安排这次会议。 I doubt John had a hand in this. 我怀疑约翰参与此事。 This matter is in Mr Wilsons charge. I cant have a hand in it.这件事由威尔逊先生负责，我不能插手。 Tom has some difficulty in repairing his radio. Lets take a hand in it.汤姆修收音机时碰到了困难，让我们来帮他一下。(2) hand是一个常用词，可与很多动词或介词构成固定搭配，请记住下面一些常见的词组。如： in hand 在手里 ( 边) ，在掌握 ( 控制 ) 中，在考虑中； in sb. s hands 或 in the hands of sb. 在某人的支配 ( 照顾，监护 ) 之下； in good / safe hands在妥善的管理中；have ones hands full with无法分身； on hand 出席的，随时可用的。如： Dont worry - all the arrangements are in hand. 别担心，一切已安排就绪。 Give them a call to let them know weve the matter in hand. 给他们去个电话，让他们知道我们已处理了此事。 Theres no rush. We still have two days in hand before the deadline. 别急，截止日期以前我们还有两天时间可用。 Its all in Jennys hands now. 此事全归詹妮负责。 The whole affair is now in the hands of the police. 整个事情现已由警方处理。 We left the project in the good hands 0f our manager. 我们把这个项目交给经理去妥善管理。 The nurse will be on hand if you need her. 护士随叫随到。 There was simply no cash on hand to meet the cost of food. 只是手头上没有现钱来付饭钱。 She had her hands full with new arrivals. 由于要照料这些新生，她忙得不可开交。 He has his hands full with the children and finishing his work in time.他又要照顾孩子们，又要及时完成工作，忙得不可开交。拓展 ：与 hand 构成的介词短语: hand in hand 手拉手；同时发生from hand to hand 从一人之手转到他人之手in (on) hand 手头上out of hand 立刻马上at hand 在手边；在附近；即将来临hand to hand 短兵相接地by hand 手工on (the) one hand 一方面lend a hand 帮助on the other hand 另一方面与 hand 构成的动词短语hand down (= pass down) 把传下去hand sth. out to sb. 分配；发配hand in 上交hand back 交还精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 11 页hand sb. sth 传给某人某物 pull up (1) 此处意为“竖起”“把拉上来”。如： She cant climb very well. We had to pull her up. 她不善攀登，我们只得把她拉上来。 The boy pulled his sledge up the hill. 男孩把雪撬拉上山来。 I pulled him up out of the water. 我把他从水里拉上来。 We pulled up the weeds by the roots. 我们把草连根拔起。 (2) pull up可作“ ( 车子 ) 停下”翻译。如： We had not gone many miles when we were pulled up the police.我们还没走多少里就被警察拦住了。 The ear pulled up in front of the hotel. 汽车在宾馆前面停了下来。The policeman pulled up the motorist and asked to see his licence.警察让那个骑摩托车的人停下来，要看他的执照。 He pulled up his horse outside the inn for lunch.他在旅馆外面下马，准备吃午饭。 (3) pull up 还有“阻止”“斥责”之意。如： Jack talked rudely to Mother, and Father pulled him up. 杰克对母亲讲话粗鲁，遭到父亲的训斥。 You should pulled those children up about their table manners. 那些孩子就餐时举止不好，你应该训训他们。 The chairman pulled him up. 主席制止了他的发言。 I felt I had to pull her up on her lateness.我觉得我必须告诉他不要再迟到了。 (4) pull up亦可作“拉近”“追上”解释。如： Pull up a chair and sit here with us at this table. 拉张椅子过来和我们坐一张桌儿。 The boat pulled up alongside us.那条船赶上来与我们并行了。 The second runner managed to pull up with the leading runner and finally won the race. 跑在第二的人设法赶上跑在最前面的人，并最终赢得了比赛。 If you can pull up your English grammar，you will stand a good chance of succeeding in the examination. 如果你把英语语法赶上来，你就有希望在考试中取得成功。15. In terms of technical development, people were going from the Stone Age to the Bronze Age. 就技术发展而言，人们正从石器时代过渡到青铜器时代。(p.76 Reading 第三段第 3 行) in terms of 或 in terms (1)此处意为“用的话”“就而言”“根据”。如： In their terms, cutting government spending is the most important thing. 根据他们的意见，削减政府开支是最重要的事情。 In terms of inflation, the policy works. 就抑制通货膨胀而言，这个政策是有效的。 The work is not very profitable in terms of cash, but I am getting valuable experience from it.就收入而言这工作赚不到多少钱，但我会从中学习到有价值的经验。 His sugges- tions were expressed in terms that were readily understood and accepted. 他的建议的措词使人容易理解和接受。 Our boss thinks of everything in terms of money.我们老板每件事都从钱的角度考虑。 (2) think in terms of 意为“考虑 ( 做某事 ) ”。如： We are thinking in terms of moving to the south, as there are so few jobs in the north. 我们正考虑移居南方，因为北方的工作太少了。 I was thinking more in terms of buying than renting. 我更多考虑的是买而不是租。拓展： in the long term 长远看来 (= for the longer future)；in the short term在目前(= at the moment) 16. At first it was thought that the skills to make copper and bronze objects spread to Britain was through war and armed conflict,起初，人们认为，用铜和青铜制造工具的技术是通过战争和武装冲突传播到英国的 (p.76 Reading 最后一段倒数第11 行 ) conflict (1) n. 冲突，战斗；争论，抵触 Armed conflict could start at any time. 战争随时都会发生。 There is a possibility of a serious conflict in North America. 北美可能有严重的冲突。 Some people feel there is a great deal of conflict between religion and science. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 11 页有些人认为宗教与科学之间有许多冲突。the familiar conflict between government and opposition 执政党与反对党之间司空见惯的争执(2) v. 冲突；争执；抵触 Do British laws conflict with any international laws? 英国法律与国际法有抵触吗? There is some research that conflicts with this view. 有一些研究与这种观点相抵触。拓展：come into conflict 与( 某人 ) 发生争执； bring somebody into conflict 使某人与发生争执； in conflict with 与( 某人 ) 意见不一致； in conflict 有矛盾， 不一致； Whites came more and more often into conflict with the islanders. 白人越来越频繁地与岛上的居民发生争执。 The two men were brought into conflict by their jobs. 这两个人由于工作关系而发生了争执。John and Tom are in conflict with this. 约翰和汤姆在这一点上意见不一致。17. The King of Stonehenge came with the skills to make metal, and that would have given him a high status in the eyes of local people. 巨石王带来了制造金属的技术这在当地人民的眼中被认为是出生高贵。(p.76 Reading 最后一段倒数第 7 行) in the eyes of意为“据某人看来”“在某人心目中”，也可以说in sb.s eyes或 to sb. s eyes或 through the eyes of sb.。 Her children could do no wrong in her eyes.在她看来，她的孩子是不会做错事的。 In the eye