2022年2022年供应链管理Unit_习题与答案 .pdf

Chapter 14 Transportation in the Supply Chain True/False 1. Transportation plays a key role in every supply chain because products are usually produced and consumed in the same location. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy 2. The shipperis the party that requires the movement of the product between two points in the supply chain. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate 3. The carrieris the party that moves or transports the product. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy 4. A distributor makes investment decisions regarding the transportation infrastructure and then makes operating decisions to try to maximize the return from these assets. Answer: False Difficulty: Hard 5. A carrier uses transportation to minimize the total cost (transportation, inventory, information, and facility) while providing an appropriate level of responsiveness to the customer. Answer: False Difficulty: Hard 6. The vehicle-related cost is incurred whether the vehicle is operating or not and is considered fixed for short-term operational decisions by the carrier. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate 7. Trip-related cost depends on the length and duration of the trip but is independent of the quantity shipped. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy 8. Overhead cost includes the cost of planning and scheduling a transportation network as well as any investment in information technology. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate 9. A carriers decisions are affected by the prices that the market will bear, but not the responsiveness it seeks to provide its target segment. Answer: False Difficulty: Moderate 10. Transportation cost depends on the prices offered by different carriers and the extent to which the shipper uses inexpensive and slow, or expensive and fast, means of transportation. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy 11. Rail is the dominant mode of freight transportation in the United States and accounts for over 75 percent of the nations freight bill.Answer: False Difficulty: Moderate 12. A milk run is a route in which a truck either delivers product from a single supplier to multiple retailers or goes from multiple suppliers to a single retailer. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy 13. Milk runs reduce outbound transportation costs by consolidating large shipments. Answer: False Difficulty: Easy 14. Companies should evaluate different transportation options in terms of various costs as well as revenues and then rank them according to coordination complexity.Answer: True Difficulty: Hard 15. The mode of transportation that results in the lowest transportation cost will lower total costs for a supply chain. Answer: False Difficulty: Moderate 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 1 页，共 3 页 - - - - - - - - - 16. Ignoring inventory costs when making transportation decisions can result in choices that worsen the performance of a supply chain. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate 17. Firms can significantly reduce the safety inventory they require by physically aggregating inventories in one location, which will also decrease transportation cost. Answer: False Difficulty: Moderate 18. A firm can meet customer needs by using tailored transportation to provide the appropriate transportation choice based on customer and product characteristics, but at a higher cost. Answer: False Difficulty: Moderate 19. Tailored transportationis the use of different transportation networks and modes based on customer and product characteristics. Answer: True Difficulty: Easy 20. The most important operational decision related to transportation in a supply chain is the routing and scheduling of deliveries. Answer: True Difficulty: Moderate Essay/Problems 1. Discuss the two key players involved in any transportation in the supply chain. Answer : There are two key players in any transportation that takes place within a supply chain. The shipper is the party that requires the movement of the product between two points in the supply chain. The carrier is the party that moves or transports the product. When making transportation-related decisions, factors to be considered vary depending on whether one takes the perspective of a carrier or shipper. A carrier makes investment decisions regarding the transportation infrastructure (rails, locomotives, trucks, airplanes, etc.) and then makes operating decisions to try to maximize the return from these assets. A shipper, in contrast, uses transportation to minimize the total cost (transportation, inventory, information, and facility) while providing an appropriate level of responsiveness to the customer. Difficulty: Moderate 答：有 2 个关键球员在任何运输发生在供应链。托运人是党，要求该产品的运动，两点之间的供应链。承运人是党的移动或运输的产品。交通运输有关的决定时，要考虑的因素取决于是否需要一个角度承运人或托运人。承运人作出投资决定的交通基础设施（铁路，机车，卡车，飞机，等）进行经营决策，试图最大限度地回报从这些资产。托运人，相比之下，使用运输总费用最低（库存，运输，信息，和设施）而提供适当水平的响应客户。难度：中等2. What trade-offs do managers need to consider when making transportation decisions? Answer: The cost of coordinating operations is generally hard to quantify. Companies should evaluate different transportation options in terms of various costs as well as revenues and then rank them according to coordination complexity. A manager can then make the appropriate transportation decision. Managers must consider the following trade-offs when making transportation decisions: ? Transportation and inventory cost trade-off ? Transportation cost and customer responsiveness trade-off The trade-off between transportation and inventory costs is significant when designing a supply chain network. Two fundamental supply chain decisions involving this trade-off are: ? Choice of transportation mode? Inventory aggregationWhen selecting a mode of transportation, managers must account for inventory costs. Modes with high transportation costs can be justified if they result in significantly lower inventories. Firms can 名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 2 页，共 3 页 - - - - - - - - - significantly reduce the safety inventory they require by physically aggregating inventories in one location. Transportation cost, however, increases when inventory is aggregated. The transportation cost a supply chain incurs is closely linked to the degree of responsiveness the supply chain aims to provide. If a firm has high responsiveness and ships all orders within a day of their receipt from the customer, it will have small outbound shipments resulting in a high transportation cost. If it decreases its responsiveness and aggregates orders over a longer time horizon before shipping them out, it will be able to exploit economies of scale and incur a lower transportation cost because of larger shipments. Difficulty: Moderate 答：成本的协调行动通常是难以量化。公司应评估不同的交通选择方面的各种费用以及收入，然后根据他们的排名协调的复杂性。一个经理可以做适当的运输决策。管理者必须考虑以下取舍时，使运输决策：?运输与库存成本的权衡?运输成本和客户的反应平衡之间的权衡运输与库存成本是重要的，当设计一个供应链网络。基本的供应链决策涉及这种权衡是：?运输方式选择?库存聚集当选择运输方式，管理人员必须考虑库存成本。模式的高运输成本可以是有正当理由的，如果他们造成显着降低库存。企业可以大大降低安全库存需要聚集在一个位置通过物理库存。运输成本增加，然而，当库存汇总。运输成本的供应链招是密切相关的程度的反应性供应链的目的是提供。如果一个企业具有较高的响应速度和船舶所有订单的一天内收到来自客户，它将有小出境货物在运输成本高。如果它减少其反应能力和总量超过一个较长的时间范围，再将他们出来，它将能够利用规模经济和承担运输成本低是因为较大的货物。难度：中等3. Discuss the relationship between transportation strategy and competitive strategy. Answer: Transportation strategy needs to be aligned with competitive strategy.Managers should ensure that a firms transportation strategy supports its competitive strategy. They should design functional incentives that help achieve this goal. Historically, the transportation function within firms has been evaluated based on the extent to which it can lower transportation costs. Such a focus leads to decisions that lower transportation costs but hurt the level of responsiveness provided to customers and may raise the firms total cost.Difficulty: Moderate 答：交通战略需求相一致的竞争战略。管理者应当确保公司的运输策略支持其竞争战略。他们应该设计功能激励，帮助实现这一目标。从历史上看，企业内部的运输功能已被评估的基础上的程度，它可以降低运输成本。这种集中导致的决定，运输成本低但伤害提供的响应水平的客户，可以提高企业的总成本。难度：中等名师资料总结 - - -精品资料欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 名师精心整理 - - - - - - - 第 3 页，共 3 页 - - - - - - - - -