2022年高考英语虚拟语气讲解和练习 .pdf
中小学 1 对 1课外辅导专家深圳龙文教育民治校区教学研讨部1 龙文教育学科导学案教师:学生:日期: 星期:时段:课题虚拟语气学习目标熟练掌握各种从句中的虚拟语气学习重点各种时态的虚拟情况学习方法讲解和练习学习内容与过程Ones real value first lies in to what degree and what sense he set himself.一个人的真正价值首先决定于他在什么程度上和在什么意义上从自我解放出来。1. 条件句中虚拟语气的形式从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件，主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果。条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式。时间从句谓语形式主句谓语形式将来动词过去式 (be 用 were) should + 动词原形were to + 动词原形would / should / might / could + 动词原形现在动词过去式 (be 用 were) would / should / might / could + 动词原形过去had +动词过去分词would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词2. 条件中的虚拟语气的举例(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If he should go to Qing Hua University, he would make full use of his time. 如果他要上清华大学的话，他就会充分利用他的时间了。If he were to come here, he would tell us about it. 如果他要来的话，他会通知我们一声。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 11 页中小学 1 对 1课外辅导专家深圳龙文教育民治校区教学研讨部2 (2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If he were free, he would help us. 要是他有空的话，它会帮助我们的。If he studied at this school, he would know you well. 如果他在这所学校学习的话，它会对你很熟悉。(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气。如：If I had seen the film, I would have told you about it. 我如果看过这场电影，我会把电影内容告诉你了。If I had got there earlier, I would have met Mr. Li. 如果我早点到那儿，我就会会到了李先生。3. 运用条件句中的虚拟语气时，须注意的几个问题(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词假设是系动词be 时，可用was 代替 were。但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you, as it were 中，只能用were。如：Were I ten years younger, I would study abroad. 要是我还年轻十岁的话，我会去国外学习。If I were you, I would try my best to grasp the chance. 要是我是你的话，我要尽力抓住这次时机。(2) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句的动作假设不是同时发生时，须区别对待。从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如：If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会使工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话，我们现在就不会来这里了。从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如：If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了 (from yygrammar )。If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反，而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反。如：If it had not been raining too much, the crops would be growing much better. 如果天不下太多的雨的话，庄家会长得更好。If he had been working hard, he would be working in the office now. 要是他工作一直努力的话，他现在已进了办公室了。(3) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were, should, had 时， if 可省略，而将were, should, had 等词置于句首。如：Should he agree to go there, we would send him there. 要是他答应去的话，我们就派他去。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 11 页中小学 1 对 1课外辅导专家深圳龙文教育民治校区教学研讨部3 Were she here, she would agree with us. 如果她在这儿的话，她会同意我们的。Had he learnt about computers, we would have hired him to work here. 如果她懂一些电脑知识的话，我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了(from yygrammar )。(4) 有时，句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件，而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断。如：I would have come to see you, but I was too busy. 我本该来看你了，然而我太忙了。But for his help, we would be working now. 要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress. 要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。(5) 有时，虚拟条件句中，主、从句可以省略其中的一个，来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情。省略从句He would have finished it. 他本该完成了。You could have passed this exam. 你应该会通过这次考试了。省略主句If I were at home now. 要是我现在在家里该多好啊。If only I had got it. 要是我得到它了该多好啊。二、其他状语从句的虚拟语气1. 目的状语从句中的虚拟语气(1) 在 for fear that, in case, lest 引导的目的状语从句中，假设用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：should + 动词原形。并且should 不能省略She examined the door again for fear that a thief should come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。He started out earlier lest he should be late. 他很早就出发了以防迟到。(2) 在 so that, in order that 所引导的目的状语从句中，从句中的谓语为：can / may / could / might / will / would / should + 动词原形。如 (from yygrammar )：He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能挺得更清楚。He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个单词。2. 让步状语从句中的虚拟语气(1) 在 even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中，可用虚拟语气，主句、从句的结构与if 所引导的条件从句结构相同。如：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 11 页中小学 1 对 1课外辅导专家深圳龙文教育民治校区教学研讨部4 Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即是他亲自来也不知该怎么办。Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 及时华佗再世也就不了他。(2) 在 whatever， whichever，whenever，whoever, wherever，however, no matter wh-word 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为： may +动词原形 (指现在或将来)。如：We will finish it on time no matter what / whatever may happen. 不管发生什么事，我们都要按时完成。We will find him wherever / no matter where he may be. 无论他在哪里，我们都要找到他。I will wait for him no matter how late he may come. 不管他来的多么晚，我都会等他。 may +完成式 (指过去 ) ，主句结构不限。如：You mustn t be proud whatever / no matter what great progress you may have made. 不管你取得了多么大的进步，你也不能骄傲(from yygrammar )。We must respect him no matter what / whatever mistakes he may have made. 不管他翻过什么错误，我们必须尊敬他。(3) 在 though, although 等引导的让步状语从句中，从句虚拟语气结构为should +动词原形，主句结构不限。如：Although / Though he should often be late, he is a good student. 尽管他经常迟到，他还是个好学生。Although / Though he should be secretary, he must obey the rules. 尽管他是书记， 他也必须遵守规定。3. 方式状语从句中的虚拟语气as if, as though 引导的方式状语从句常用虚拟语气。虚拟语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构发生在主句动作之前had + 过去分词与主句动作同时发生过去时 (be 用 were ) 发生在主句动作之后would / could / might / should+ 原形动词例如：They began to talk warmly as if they had known each other for long. 他们开始热烈的谈论起来就好似他们已相互认识很久了。He coughed twice as if someone should come. 他咳嗽两声就好似有人要来了。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 11 页中小学 1 对 1课外辅导专家深圳龙文教育民治校区教学研讨部5 4. 原因状语从句中的虚拟语气amazed, angry, annoyed, astonished, disappointed, frightened, happy, pleased, proud, sorry, surprised,upset 等后面的状语从句中常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为： should + 原形动词 (指现在或将来 )。如：He was angry that you should call him by name. 他很生气，你竟然对他直呼其名。I was astonished that he should not answer such an easy question. 我很惊讶他竟答不出如此简单的问题。 should + 完成式 , 指过去。如：I m very sorry that you should have failed the exam. 我很遗憾，你这次考试竟然失败了。I was very surprised that Father should have known what I did yesterday. 我很吃惊， 父亲竟指导我昨天所作的事情(from yygrammar )。三、宾语从句中的虚拟语气1英语中，如： advise, ask, demand, desire, decide, insist(坚决要求 ) , order, propose, request, suggest(建议 ) 表示请求、要求、命令或建议等意义的动词所接的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，起虚拟语气的结构为： (should) + 原形动词。如：但是，当insist 的意思为：坚决认为，坚持说；suggest的意思为：说明，暗含，暗示等时，宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。如：Tom insisted that he hadn t stolen the watch. 汤姆坚持说他没有偷那块手表。His smile suggested that he had succeeded in this exam. 他的微笑说明他在考试中成功了。2. believe, expect, suspect, think, imagine 等动词的否认句或疑问句中的宾语从句常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：should + 原形动词。如：Can you believe that he should kill a tiger? 你能相信他竟杀死了一只老虎？Can you imagine that he should take the first place in the long jump contest? 你能想象得到他在跳远比赛中竟获得了第一名？3. 英语中， wish 之后的宾语从句，表示一种没有实现或根本不可能实现的愿望，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为(from yygrammar )：表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构发生在主句动作之前(1)had + 过去分词；(2)would / could / might / should + have + 过去分词与主句动作同时发生过去时 (be 用 were ) 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 11 页中小学 1 对 1课外辅导专家深圳龙文教育民治校区教学研讨部6 发生在主句动作之后would / could / might / should + 原形动词例如：I wish I learnt English well . 我希望我已学好了英语。I wish I had been there with them last week. 我希望上周跟他们一起在那儿。He wishes we could go and play games with him. 他希望我们能去跟他做游戏。4. 英语中， would rather, had rather, would sooner 等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。起虚拟语气的结构为：表示所发生的时间虚拟语气结构过去had + 过去分词；现在过去时 (be 用 were ) 将来过去时 (be 用 were ) 例如：I d rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。I d rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。We d rather you went here tomorrow. 我么倒想你明天去那儿。六、定语从句中的虚拟语气英语中，表示：“ 早该做某事了 ” 时，定语从句中的谓语动词须用虚拟语气，其虚拟语气的结构为：It is (high / about) time that + 主语 + 动词的过去式 / should + 动词原形。如：It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。七. 简单句中的虚拟语气1. 表示 “ 祝愿 ” 时，常用 “ may + 主语 + 动词原形+ 其他 ” 。如：May you have a good journey! 祝你一路顺风。May your youth last for ever! 祝你青春永驻。2. 表示强烈的 “ 愿望 ” 、“ 祝愿 ” 时，常用动词原形。如：Long live the Communist Party of China. 中国共产党万岁。God bless us. 上帝保佑。(5) 表示对过去情况的责备时，常用虚拟语气。其虚拟语气的结构为：“ 情态动词+ have + 过去分词” 。You should have got here earlier. 你应该早就到这里了。精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 11 页中小学 1 对 1课外辅导专家深圳龙文教育民治校区教学研讨部7 You should have returned it to him. 你应该把他还给他了。专项练习1. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much easier. A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be 2. If she had worked harder, she _. A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeeded 3. If he _, he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 4. If he _ me his telephone number yesterday, I _ able to ring him up now. A. told; would be B. had told; would be C. had told; would have been D. told; am 5. If I _ you, I _ to Australia with Mr. Smith. A. had been; would go B. were; had gone C. were; would have gone D. am; will go 6. Without electricity, human life _ quite different today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 7. Our monitor was absent. Otherwise I _ the chair. A. would not take B. didnt take C. hadnt taken D. wouldnt have taken 8. The experiment has failed! I suggest that you _ again. A. try B. trying C. will try D. would try 9. His silence at the meeting suggested that he _ to your plan. A. didnt agree B. hadnt agreed C. wouldnt agree D. not agree 10. The father insisted his daughter _ a rich man. A. would be engaged to B. be engaged to C. should engage to D. must be engaged to 11. She insisted that she _ ill of him behind him, but he didnt believe. A. hadnt spoken B. shouldnt speak C. wouldnt speak D. not speak 12. I stayed at a hotel while in New York. Oh, did you? You _ with Barbara. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 11 页中小学 1 对 1课外辅导专家深圳龙文教育民治校区教学研讨部8 A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would stay D. must have stayed 13. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word. A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have left C. couldnt have left D. neednt leave 14. There was plenty of time. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. neednt have hurried C. must not hurry D. couldnt have hurried 15. I wish I _ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see 16. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented 17. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might give C. may have given D. may give 18. If it _ for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday. A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb 19. I told Sally how to get there, but perhaps I _ for her. A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out 20. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 21. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 22. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got 23. She couldnt have answered the question if she _ a few books on world history. A. hadnt read B. hasnt read C. wouldnt read D. didnt read 24. If it _ so hard, wed go to town. A. isnt raining B. werent raining C. doesnt rain D. has rained 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 11 页中小学 1 对 1课外辅导专家深圳龙文教育民治校区教学研讨部9 25. Our former math teacher died of cancer last term, otherwise he _. A. will still work B. should still work C. would still have worked D. would still be working 26. The soldier died in the hospital. He _ if the doctor _ on him two hours earlier. A. might be saved; operated B. could be saved; had operated C. could have been saved; had operated D. had been saved; was operated 27. Its time that you _ home and Id rather you _ again tomorrow. A. are going; will come B. go; are coming C. went; came D. would go; would come 28. I _ you a more valuable present for your birthday, but I was short of money at that time. A. would buy B. had bought C. would have bought D. must have bought 29. I went to the meeting yesterday because I _ nothing about the discussion without attending it. A. didnt know B. would know C. knew D. would have known 30. It was required that each student _ enough food for the public. A. bring B. brought C. would bring D. had brought 31. He didnt come yesterday, or you _ him. A. would see B. were to see C. might have seen D. had seen 32. It was suggested yesterday that a meeting _ to discuss the matter. A. will be held B. would be held C. should hold D. be held 33. Its strange that he _ without saying good-bye to us. A. should have gone out B. went C. should go out D. goes out 34. Nothing could have saved him even if he _ without delay. A. would be tended B. was tended C. has been tended D. had ben tended 35. The manager was angry and ordered that this work _ tomorrow. A. be finished B. finish C. was finished D. would finish 36. He is talking so much about Britain as if he _ there. A. had been B. has been C. was D. had gone 37. The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did; set B. had done; should be set C. do; be set D. had done; must be set 38. My suggestion was that the meeting _ off till next week. A. to put B. be put C. should put D. would be put 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 11 页中小学 1 对 1课外辅导专家深圳龙文教育民治校区教学研讨部10 39. Had you listened to the doctor, you _ all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 40. It is requested that Li Ming _ at the class meeting on behalf of us. A. will speak B. speaks C. would speak D. speak 41. I didnt catch the first train this morning. You _ the first train if you _ earlier. A. would catch; had got up B. could catch; should get up C. would have caught; had got up D. would catch; got up 42. You _ earlier. The bus left a moment ago. A. would come B. should have come C. must come D. could have come 43. Without your help, we _ this task. A. dont finish B. will not finish C. didnt finish D. would not have finished 44. Mr. Fang spoke slowly in order that we _ him. A. should follow B. follow C. might follow D. followed 45. Have you ever been to Hong Kong? No, but I wish I _. A. have B. will C. do D. had 46. What should we do if it _ tomorrow? A. should snow B. would snow C. snow D. will snow 47. He _ the test, but he wasnt careful enough. A. could have passed B. were able to pass C. must have passed D. might be able to pass 48. If there _ not the Communist Party, we _ a happy life. A. were; couldnt live B. are; cant live C. is; cant live D. was; wouldnt live 49. But for the leadership of out Party and Government, we _ these splendid results. A. have achieved B. couldnt have achieved C. could have achieved D. would achieve 50. It was the drug, not the disease, that killed the boy. 精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 10 页，共 11 页中小学 1 对 1课外辅导专家深圳龙文教育民治校区教学研讨部11 He would be still alive today if he _ that drug. A. not take B. shouldnt have taken C. didnt take D. hadnt taken 课内练习与训练教学小结学生对于本次课的评价： 特别满意 满意 一般 差学生签字：教师签字：主任签字：精选学习资料 - - - - - - - - - 名师归纳总结 - - - - - - -第 11 页，共 11 页
