初中英语句子结构及句型细致讲解讲稿.ppt

关于初中英语句子结构及句型细致讲解第一页，讲稿共三十七页哦英语的句子基本成分有七种：英语的句子基本成分有七种：主语（主语（subject）谓语（谓语（predicate）表语（表语（predicative）宾语（宾语（object）宾语补足语宾语补足语(objectcomplement)定语（定语（attribute）状语状语(adverbial)那他们该怎么放置才好呢？第二页，讲稿共三十七页哦主语：是句子要说明的人或物主语：是句子要说明的人或物,可以作主语的成可以作主语的成分有名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式等，主语分有名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式等，主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！v1)Mr.Lee is a well-known scientist.v2)He reads newspapers everyday.v3)Two and ten is twelve.v4)Smoking is harmful to the health.v5)To swim in that pool is a great pleasure.v6)What we shall do next is not yet decided.第三页，讲稿共三十七页哦谓语谓语:说明主语的动作，状态或特征，由动词充当。说明主语的动作，状态或特征，由动词充当。v1)The new term begins on the 1st of September.v2)His father is an engineer.v3)She seemed happy.v4)Li Hua showed me his album.第四页，讲稿共三十七页哦宾语:指的是及物动词涉及到的人或物.v1)Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus.v2)The medicine is good for a cold.v3)How many pieces do you want?v4)My little sister always likes to ask questions.v5)Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow?v6)He asked me what I was going to do tonight第五页，讲稿共三十七页哦宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明 宾语 的动作,状态,特征.v1)The government appointed her chief delegate to the conference.v2)I dont believe the story true.v3)You should put your things in order.v4)The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week.v5)We saw the pupils playing basketball.第六页，讲稿共三十七页哦表语：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动表语：是谓语的一部分，它位于系动 词如词如be之后，说明主语身份，特征，之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性或状态。属性或状态。v1)Wangs father is a doctor.v2)He is always careless.v3)The basketball match is on.v4)All the pupils are on the playground now.v5)Our aim is to win more medals.v6)His work is teaching French.v7)The question is who can really repair the machines.第七页，讲稿共三十七页哦定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子，汉语中常用的表示。vTom is a handsome boy.vThe two boys are students.vHis boy needs Toms pen.vThe boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.vThe boy needs a ball pen.vThe best boy here is Tom.vThere is nothing to do today.vThe smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.vThis is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday.第八页，讲稿共三十七页哦状语：状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等。v1)She sings quite well.v2)On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.v3)He sits there,asking for a pen.v4)The boy needs a pen to do his homework.v5)If I have some spare time,I will take up German.第九页，讲稿共三十七页哦 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语第十页，讲稿共三十七页哦主语主语vFind out the Subject in the following sentences.Jim is reading.Jim is reading.How many students passed the exam?How many students passed the exam?3.Who is on duty today?3.Who is on duty today?4.He went shopping yesterday.4.He went shopping yesterday.5.What does he like?5.What does he like?6.What happened?6.What happened?Reading is my interest.Reading is my interest.名词名词代代词词动名词动名词第十一页，讲稿共三十七页哦谓语谓语These boys like swimming.I wrote a letter just now.Mary runs very fast.Those people are talking.We can swim.They dont want to have a picnic.He stood up and walked towards me.实义动词充当谓语实义动词充当谓语谓语部分谓语部分由and and 连接并列谓语动词第十二页，讲稿共三十七页哦宾语宾语vFind out the Object in the following sentences.You should do it at once.You should do it at once.She did nothing.She did nothing.I will tell her something.I will tell her something.Please give me the book.Please give me the book.Uncle Li bought 20 sheep this year.Uncle Li bought 20 sheep this year.Tom is reading a book.Tom is reading a book.She enjoys collecting stamps.She enjoys collecting stamps.代词充当宾语代词充当宾语双宾语双宾语名词充当宾语名词充当宾语动名词短语动名词短语第十三页，讲稿共三十七页哦定语定语 We all like interesting stories.We all like interesting stories.The book on the bed is mine.The book on the bed is mine.Do you know that woman?Do you know that woman?She wears a red blouse and a white skirt.She wears a red blouse and a white skirt.Jim missed the sports meeting last week.Jim missed the sports meeting last week.Toms aunt is very rich.Toms aunt is very rich.Whose book is it?Whose book is it?A good friend is someone who makes me happy.A good friend is someone who makes me happy.第十四页，讲稿共三十七页哦宾语补足语宾语补足语 He called it Mickey Mouse.He called it Mickey Mouse.I saw you out this morning.I saw you out this morning.What he did made me angry.What he did made me angry.Please put it in the drawer.Please put it in the drawer.I found all the windows broken.I found all the windows broken.He kept me waiting for half an hour.He kept me waiting for half an hour.The manager asked me to buy something.The manager asked me to buy something.第十五页，讲稿共三十七页哦找出下列句子中的状语We usually get up at 6 oclock.There is a cat behind the door.I found a purse on the floor.The next day we did a lot of washing.Because of bad weather,we put off the match.时间状语地点状语地点状语时间状语原因状语第十六页，讲稿共三十七页哦第十七页，讲稿共三十七页哦 英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难英语句子有长在短，有简有繁，从现象看，似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一：基本句型一：+（主谓）（主谓）基本句型二：基本句型二：+（主系表）（主系表）基本句型三：基本句型三：+（主谓宾）（主谓宾）基本句型四：基本句型四：+IO+（主谓间宾直宾）（主谓间宾直宾）基本句型五：基本句型五：+（主谓宾宾补）（主谓宾宾补）s:subject v:verb P:predicative o:object(indirect)c:complement第十八页，讲稿共三十七页哦基本句型基本句型 一一 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。语从句等。第十九页，讲稿共三十七页哦 （不及物动词）（不及物动词）1.Time 2.The moon 3.The man4.We all 5.Everybody 6.I 7.They 8.He 9.He10.Theyflies.rose.cooked.eat,and drink.laughed?woke.talked for half an hour.walked yesterday is playinghave gone第二十页，讲稿共三十七页哦基本句型 二 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类：be,look,be,look,feel,smell,taste,soundfeel,smell,taste,sound等属一类，表示情况；等属一类，表示情况；get,get,grow,become,turn,gogrow,become,turn,go等属另一类，表示变化。等属另一类，表示变化。be be 本本身没有什么意义身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词只起连系主语和表的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义另仍保持其部分词义另:stay,prove,remain,stand:stay,prove,remain,stand第二十一页，讲稿共三十七页哦（是系动词）（是系动词）(表语表语)1.This 2.The dinner3.He 4.Everything5.He 6.The book 7.The weather 8.His face is smells(闻闻)fell looks is is becameturned an English dictionary.good.happy.different.tall and strong.interesting.warmer.red.第二十二页，讲稿共三十七页哦 基本句型基本句型 三三 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。第二十三页，讲稿共三十七页哦（实义动词）（实义动词）(宾语宾语)1.Who 2.She 3.He 8.He 5.They 6.Danny 7.I 4.He knows laugh at understands made ate likes want said the answer?her.English.cakes.some apples.donuts.to have a cup of tea.Good morning.第二十四页，讲稿共三十七页哦 基本句型基本句型 四四 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。这一介词往往被省略。第二十五页，讲稿共三十七页哦（必背！）常带双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的动词（分为A、B两类）：A：动词后加to:give 给 show给看 send寄，打电报 bring带 read读pass递给 lend借给 leave留给 hand交给 tell告诉return把还给 write给写信第二十六页，讲稿共三十七页哦vB:动词后加for:vbuy给/为某人买 draw 替/给某人画 make 为某人制作v【秘诀秘诀】v“七给七给”“一带一带”to不少，不少，v“买买”“画画”“制作制作”for来了。来了。v【说明】常跟双宾语的动词【说明】常跟双宾语的动词“七给七给”(give,hand，lend,pass,show,send,write)和和“一带一带”(bring)8个及物动个及物动词，在直接宾语前置时，必须在后面加上词，在直接宾语前置时，必须在后面加上to。即：。即：“vt.+sth.+to+sb.”。buy，draw，make三个动词，在三个动词，在直接宾语前置时，则必须在后面加直接宾语前置时，则必须在后面加for，构成，构成“vt.+sth.+for+sb.”句型。句型。第二十七页，讲稿共三十七页哦（及（及物）物）（多指（多指人）人）（多指物）（多指物）1.She2.She 3.He 8.He 5.I 6.I 7.I 4.He passed cooked brought bought showed gave told showed himher husband you her him him mea new dress.a delicious meal.a dictionary.nothing.my pictures.a hand.how to run the machine.that the bus was late.第二十八页，讲稿共三十七页哦 基本句型基本句型 五五 此句型的句子的共同特点是：此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。语，才能使意思完整。第二十九页，讲稿共三十七页哦（及物）（及物）（宾语）（宾语）（宾补）（宾补）1.We 2.They3.They 4.They5.What 6.We 7.He 8.I keep painted call found makes saw asked saw the table the door supper the house him him me them clean.green.dinner.dirty.sad?out.to come back soon.getting on the bus.第三十页，讲稿共三十七页哦（二）（二）第三十一页，讲稿共三十七页哦v1.They work hard.主主 +谓谓v2.The flower is dead.主主+系系+表表v3.Plants need water.主主+谓谓+宾宾v4.He gives me some seeds.主主+谓谓+直宾直宾+简宾简宾v5.We should keep the plants in the shade.主主+谓谓+宾宾+宾补宾补v6.Many animals live in trees.主主 +谓谓第三十二页，讲稿共三十七页哦分别选出一个正确巩固练习分别选出一个正确巩固练习:一、给下列各题答案：一、给下列各题答案：1.We all work hard at English.A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语2.Betty likes her new bike.A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语3.Her sister is a nurse.A.主语 B.谓语 C.宾语 D.表语第三十三页，讲稿共三十七页哦v4.Were you at home last night?vA.主语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语v5.Winter is the coldest season of the year.vA.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语v6.He often walks in the park.vA.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语v7.John asked me to help him.vA.定语 B.状语 C.宾补 D.表语v8.He gave me some ink.vA.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补第三十四页，讲稿共三十七页哦9.His parents are doctors.A.宾语 B.表语 C.谓语 D.定语10.Ill get you some tea now.A.宾语 B.直接宾语 C.间接宾语 D.宾补第三十五页，讲稿共三十七页哦v每天八时开始上课。每天八时开始上课。Classes begin at eight every day.v布朗夫人看起来很健康。布朗夫人看起来很健康。Mrs Brown looks very healthy.v她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.第三十六页，讲稿共三十七页哦感谢大家观看感谢大家观看9/5/2022第三十七页，讲稿共三十七页哦