句子结构与句子种类课件.ppt

现在学习的是第1页，共25页一一.简单句的五种基本句型简单句的五种基本句型1 主语+谓语（S+V）注：谓语动词主要是不及物动词，不能跟注：谓语动词主要是不及物动词，不能跟宾语，但可以带状语。宾语，但可以带状语。例如：例如：Language frequently change.Ricky cried!现在学习的是第2页，共25页2.主语主语+谓语谓语+表语（表语（S+V+P）系动词：可以是be,seem,appear,remain keep,stay及感官动词。表语：可以是名词，代词，形容词，非谓语动词，介词短语。Lina is happy.He became an exploer in his thirties现在学习的是第3页，共25页3.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语（宾语（S+V+O）注：谓语动词是及物动词注：谓语动词是及物动词 宾语宾语:可以是名词，代词，动名词，不定式，从句可以是名词，代词，动名词，不定式，从句 Ricky hates Lina.They have a lot of courage.I dont like taking in public.现在学习的是第4页，共25页4.主语主语+谓语谓语+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语（直接宾语（S+V+Oi+Od）直接宾语和间接宾语合称为双宾语，间接宾语一般为人，直直接宾语和间接宾语合称为双宾语，间接宾语一般为人，直接宾语一般为物。通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，也可接宾语一般为物。通常间接宾语在前，直接宾语在后，也可以把间接宾语置于直接宾语之后，而在间接宾语前加以把间接宾语置于直接宾语之后，而在间接宾语前加for或或to.Lina gave Ricky rose.Lina gave rose to Ricky.My father will buy a new bike for me.现在学习的是第5页，共25页五五.主语主语+谓语谓语+宾语宾语+宾语补足语（宾语补足语（S+V+O+Os）宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语，宾语补足语用来说明宾语的动作或状态等。宾语和宾语补足语合称为复合宾语，宾语补足语用来说明宾语的动作或状态等。可在作为宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，副词，不定式，分词，介词短语等。可在作为宾语补足语的有名词，形容词，副词，不定式，分词，介词短语等。I found Lina lovely.They decided to call the baby Mark.I saw you put the key in your pocket.总结：如何区分双宾语和复合宾语？总结：如何区分双宾语和复合宾语？双宾语不存在逻辑关系，而复合宾语存在逻辑关系，可以加系动词双宾语不存在逻辑关系，而复合宾语存在逻辑关系，可以加系动词 Lina is lovely.baby is Mark.the key is in the pocket 现在学习的是第6页，共25页二二.并列句并列句并列句是有俩个或俩个以上的简单句并列在一起构成。并列句是有俩个或俩个以上的简单句并列在一起构成。基本结构：简单句基本结构：简单句+并列连词并列连词+简单句简单句 种类：联合并列句，转折并列句，选择并列句，因果并列句种类：联合并列句，转折并列句，选择并列句，因果并列句 注意：用并列连词连接的必须是完整的俩个句子注意：用并列连词连接的必须是完整的俩个句子 SVO,and SVO 现在学习的是第7页，共25页1.联合并列句联合并列句常由and,not only.but(also),neither.nor等连接注意：连接成分要对等！注意：连接成分要对等！There was a big storm after midnight and the rain poured down.He not only read the book,but also remembered what he had read.改错：改错：The title are sorted not only by their surface appearance but also according to their hardness and their capacity of conducting heat.()A.according to their hardness and of their heat-conductingcapacity.B.by their hardness and if they have the capacity for heat conduction.C.by their hardness and their capacity for conducting heat.D.by their hardness and capacity in heat conduction现在学习的是第8页，共25页2.转折并列句转折并列句常由but,while,yet,whereas 等连接。To me,the past is black and white,but the future is alaways color.In some places women are expected to earn money while men work at home and raise children.Its a small car,yet its surprising spacious.现在学习的是第9页，共25页3.选择并列句选择并列句常由or,either.or.,or else,otherwise等连 Either he could not come or he did not want to.Turn the heat down or it will burn.现在学习的是第10页，共25页4.因果并列句因果并列句常由so,for,therefore等连接。I didnt get enough sleep so I didnt feel very well this morning.He found it increasingly difficult to read,for his eyesight was begining to fall.现在学习的是第11页，共25页祈使句祈使句带主语祈使句 祈使句的主语一般省略，有时为了指明向谁提出命令或请求，或为了加强语气，可加上you,或称呼。Permit me to lead the way,sir.Mary,come here-everybody else,stay where you are.现在学习的是第12页，共25页2.祈使句的否定形式祈使句的否定形式祈使句的否定形式通常在句首加dont 或neverDo not try learn too many words at one time Never tell anyone your password.现在学习的是第13页，共25页注意：注意：在祈使句+and/or+陈述句当前后俩部分间为承接关系时，用and;前后关系为相反关系时,用orStand over there and youll be able to see the oil painting better.Respect yourself,or no one else will respect you.现在学习的是第14页，共25页反意疑问句反意疑问句1,陈述部分主语是不定代词 不定代词是指人，附加问句的主语强调全部时用they.强调个体时也可用he，不定代词指物时，附加问句的主语用it.Everyone knows the answer,dont they/doesnt he?Nothing could make him change his mind,could it?现在学习的是第15页，共25页感叹句感叹句what 引导的感叹句中心词为名词，how引导的感叹句中心词为形容词或副词。二者用于以下七种句型：what+名词+主语+谓语!what+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！what+形容词+复数名词+主语+谓语！what+a/an+形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语！how+主语+谓语！how+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！how+形容词+a/an+单数名词+主语+谓语！现在学习的是第16页，共25页例句：例句：what a big red apple it is!what beautiful flowers these are!how clever you are!how he hated the cat before!现在学习的是第17页，共25页2,陈述部分有否定词时陈述部分有否定词时陈述句部分带有no,never,hardly,seldom等否定词时，附加问句一般用肯定形式。若是带否定前缀的派生词，则附加问句仍用否定形式。She never tells a lie,does she?He can hardly answer this question,can he?It is impossible to learn English well without remembering more words,isnt it?现在学习的是第18页，共25页3,陈述句部分有动词陈述句部分有动词have时时have若为实义动词，附加问句的动词用do的相应形式；若为助动词，附加问句的动词用have的相应形式 They usually have breakfast at school,dont they?Mr Green has gone to America for a holiday,hasnt he?现在学习的是第19页，共25页4,陈述部分有表推测的陈述部分有表推测的must时时附加问句的动词取决于must后的动词形式，若must后用动词的完成式，附加问句可用have或did.You must be hungry now,arent you?You must have seen the film,havent you?He must have finished his homework last night,didnt he?现在学习的是第20页，共25页5,陈述部分是并列句或复合句时陈述部分是并列句或复合句时陈述句如果是并列句，附加问句与邻近分句一致；如果是主从复合句，附加问句一般应与主句一致。Bob speaks English,but his wife speaks German.doesnt she?When the teaher speaks in class,we have to keep quiet,dont we?现在学习的是第21页，共25页6,陈述部分含有否定转移时陈述部分含有否定转移时陈述部分是I/we dont think/believe/expect/imagine等+宾语从句时，附加句应与从句一致且用肯定形式。I dont suppose he is serious,is he?we dont believe that the news is true,is it?现在学习的是第22页，共25页7,陈述句部分是祈使句陈述句部分是祈使句陈述部分是肯定祈使句，附加问句用wont you 或will you 若是否定祈使句常用will you 以lets 开头的祈使句，附加问句用shall we,若以let us 开头则用will you Give me a hand,will you?Dont be late again,will you?Lets have a break,shall we?Let us go to the park,will you?现在学习的是第23页，共25页There be 句型句型1,there be 句式的一致性 there be 结构式表示某地有某物的一种句式,当有俩个或俩个以上的名词作主语时,be动词的数应遵循就近一致原则。Are there any students in the reading room?There is chair and there desks in the room?现在学习的是第24页，共25页感谢大家观看感谢大家观看现在学习的是第25页，共25页