高中英语连词用法详解Microsoft Word 文档(7页).doc

-高中英语连词用法详解Microsoft Word 文档-第 7 页 连词用法详解连词是指在英语句子中连接单词、短语或句子的一种虚词，在句子中不单独作任何成分，一般不重读。I 连词的分类1. 按照构成分为：1）简单连词：and, or, but, so, because, once, while, if, immediately.一. 就. 2) 关联连词：both. and., not only. but also, not. but., either.or ., hardly.when.一.就. 3）分词连词：supposing (that) 如果，假使；provided/ providing (that) 如果；given 鉴于；seeing (that)/ considering (that) 考虑到， 既然 4）短语连词：as if/ though 仿佛；even if/ though 尽管；as long as 只要； on condition that 只要；as soon as/ the minute 一.就；by the time 到.时候为止；now that 既然；such. so.that. 如此.以至于2. 按照性质分类：1）并列连词：连接具有相互平等关系的词，短语或句子。 and; both. and.; not only. but (also); but; while; yet; either. or.; for（因为）; when（就在那时）; so 2）从属连词：通常引导一个从句，修饰主句。 once 一旦.就；why为什么；when当.时；while当 .时；before 在.以前；as soon as一.就；where 在 .地方注意：与汉语不同，英语中的从属连词和并列连词不能出现在同一个句子中来表示同一逻辑 意义。常见的这类连词有because与so，though/ although 与but，if与so/ and。 但though/ although可以与yet, still连用。 He is young, but he knows a lot.= Though/ Although he is young, he knows a lot. 虽然年轻，但他懂的事情颇多。 Though I had explained it many times, yet he didn't understand it. 我已解释过多次，但他仍不明白。II 并列连词的分类及用法1. 并列连词的分类：1）表示并列关系的并列连词 and, neither.nor. 2）表示转折关系的并列连词 but, yet, while 3）表示因果关系的并列连词 for 4）表示选择关系的并列连词 or, either.or. 2. 并列连词的用法：表示并列关系 表示并列关系的连词主要含有“和”“补充”“增加”的意思，常见的 表达并列关系的连词用法如下： 1）and的用法：and作并列连词时有多重含义，主要表示并列、顺承、 目的、条件、反复等关系。 连接词类、结构完全相同的部分 Mathews and Tyler are singing and dancing at the party. 马修斯和泰勒正在晚会上唱歌、跳舞。（第一个and连接两个名词，第二个and连接两个动词） Most parents would very willingly like to give their children money, have them attend school, and do everything to make them happy. 大多数父母很愿意给孩子们钱，供他们上学，做所有的事情使他们快乐。（连接不定式） Miya says that she loves her job and that she will devote her life to it. 米娅说她非常喜欢她的工作并愿意为之奋斗终生。（连接两个从句） 连接的两个名词指同一人或物时，第二个名词前不用冠词或所有格。 In China, a knife and fork is not so popular as chopsticks. 在中国，刀叉不像筷子那么流行。 口语中，and常用于try/ wait/ go come/ hurry up/ stop等之后表示目的，相当于不定式符 号to。 Next time try and come (=try to come) early. 下次尽量早来。 Hurry up, and get dressed immediately. 快点穿上衣服。 2）neither. nor. 的用法： 意为“两者都不”。 Neither you nor I believe such things. 你和我都不会相信这些事情。 Neither you nor he knows how to answer the question. 你和他都不知道如何回答这个问题。 注意：neither. nor. 连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词的单复数变化形式符合就 近一致的原则。 Neither my parents nor I am interested in pop music. 我父母和我都对流行音乐不感兴趣。 both. and. not. 表示部分否定；neither. nor. 表示全部否定。 Both you and I are not correct. 你和我不全正确。 Neither you nor I am right. 你和我都不正确。 3）not only. but (also). 的用法：意为“不但.而且.”，重心在后面。 连接相同均匀结构： Not only you but (also) Cora is to blame for this accident. 这起事故不但怪你而且也怪科拉。 The habits of worrying not only does us no good, but (also) robs us of peace and comfort. 烦恼的习惯对我们不但没有好处，而且夺去了我们的安宁和舒适。 also 有时可省略，或与but分开用，或用too, as well代替（位于句末）。 Sports not only keep man healthy, but they (also) give him team spirit. 运动不仅可以强身健体，而且还能培养人的团队精神。 We not only lost all our money, but we (also) came close to losing all our lives. 我们不仅损失了全部的金钱，而且差点把命搭上。 not only. but also.连接并列分句时，若not only放于句首，它引导的句子要使用部分 倒装语序。 Not only is Miya a pretty girl, but she is (also) a bright girl.米娅不仅是一个漂亮的姑娘，而且是一个聪明的女孩。Not only do I respect my parents, but I also try to live up to their expectation.我不仅尊重父母，而且尽力不辜负他们的期望。注意：not only. but also.与as well as not only. but also.的重点在于后者，as well as 的重点在于前者，因此二者在转 换时，应注意调整顺序。 Not only the teacher but also the students wish for a holiday. (= The students as well as the teacher wish for a holiday.) 不仅老师而且学生也希望放假。4） both. and .的用法：“.和.都”，“既.又.”，后跟结构相同的两个部分， 这种结构既可以是单个的词，也可以是短语。 Both New York and London have traffic problems. 纽约和伦敦都存在交通问题。 Both teaching and research work are making great strides. 教学与科研都在大踏步前进。5） when 的用法：when用作连词时意为“就在那时候”，常用于下列结构中： be doing when; be about to do when; be on the point of doing when; had done when. I was about to go out when it rained. 我正要出去那时天下起雨。 I had just locked the door when I remembered I had left the key in the room. 我刚刚锁上门就忘记钥匙忘房间里了。 表示转折关系 常见的表示转折关系的词有but, while, whereas, yet。 This car is very old but it runs very fast. 这辆车虽然很旧了，但跑得很快。 The winter in Beijing is very cold while/ whereas that of Kunming is warm. 北京的冬天很冷，然而昆明的冬天却很暖和。 表示选择关系 表示选择关系的并列连词有：or或者，否则；or else否则，要不然；otherwise 否则；either. or. 或者.或者.；not. but. 不是.而是.；rather than 而不是。 Take the chance, or/ or else/ otherwise you will regret it. 抓住这次机会，否则你会后悔的。 Either Tom or Bob has to cook the dinner. 不是汤姆就是鲍勃得去做饭。 注意：either. or. ,not. but., or 连接并列主语时，谓语动词的单复数变 化形式符合就近原则。 Not you but Li Ming has passed the driving test. 不是你而是李明已通过驾驶测试。 表示因果（推理）关系 常见的表示因果（推理）关系的并列连词有：so因此，所以；for因为。 He lost his job, so he is unhappy these days. 他丢了工作，因而这些天心情不太好。 It must have rained last night, for the road is wet. 昨晚一定是下雨了，因为路上是湿的。III 从属连词的分类及用法 从属连词通常引导一个从句，修饰主句。 1. 引导名词性从句：that, if, whether等。 That Jane let out the news annoyed all of us. 简泄露消息的事使我们都很生气。（that引导主语从句） Whether you agree or not doesn't matter. 你同意与否都没关系。（whether引导主语从句） I didn't know that you would come. 我不知道你要来。（that引导宾语从句） I am wondering if you could help me. 我不知道你能否帮我一下。（if引导宾语从句） 2. 引导状语从句：英语中的状语从句共有九类，这些状语从句各有其引导词，有的引导 词又可以引导不同类型的状语从句。 1）引导时间状语从句 when, while, as, after, before, until/ till, since, as soon as, once等。 Don't get excited when you talk. 说话时不要激动。 While I was typing, my sister was washing. 我在打字，我妹妹在洗衣服。 They laughed as they walked down the river. 他们沿着河边走边笑。 After you finish this form, come to my office. 填完这张表格后，来我的办公室。 It will be a long time before we meet again. 很久我们才能再见面。 2）引导地点状语从句 where, wherever等。 Please stay where you are. 请呆在你现在呆的地方。 You must sit wherever we ask you to. 我们让你坐哪里你就得坐哪里。 3）引导条件状语从句 if, unless, once, supposing, provided, providing等。 If you have any question, please feel free to ask. 如果有问题，请随便问。 You won't succeed unless you try hard. 不努力不会取得成功。 4）引导目的状语从句 in order that, so that等。 I locked the door so that/ in order that I could settle down to my work. 我锁上了门以便静下心来工作。 5）引导结果状语从句 so, so.that., such. that., so that等。 He was so careless that he forgot to write his name on the paper. 他如此粗心以至忘了在试卷上写名字。 She is such a good teacher that all her students love her. 她是一个好老师，她的学生都爱她。 The teacher explained very clearly so that we all understood. 老师解释得如此清楚，因此我们都听懂了。 6）引导原因状语从句 because, since, as, now that, in that等。 Because it was late, we took a taxi. 因为太晚了，我们坐了一辆出租车。 As you've realized your mistake, I forgive you. 既然你意识到了错误，我就原谅你。 Since we are tired, we may as well take a rest. 既然我们累了，我们最好休息一会。 7）引导让步状语从句 although, though, even if, even though, while, as等。 He went to school though/ although he was badly ill. 尽管他病得很重，但他还是去上学了。 She loves him even though he has many bad habits. 尽管他坏习惯不少，但她依然爱他。 While we are neighbors, I don't know them well. 尽管我们是邻居，我对他们却不太了解。 8）引导方式状语从句 as, as if, as though, like等。 You should do as/ like I do. 你应按照我做的那样去做。 John looks as if he is ill. 约翰看上去似乎病了。 Luke walked about as though he had lost something. 卢克四处走动着好像丢了什么东西。 9）引导比较状语从句 than, as等。 The plan turned out better than I had expected. 计划结果比我预料的好。 That is not so simple as it sounds.3. 引导定语从句：引导定语从句的从属连词也就是定语从句的关系词。 常见的有关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which, as和关系副词when, where, why。 They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人的车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。 There are occasions when one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。 Beijing is the place where I was born. 北京是我的出生地。 Is this the reason why he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗？