人教版高中英语新教材选择性必修一Unit 4知识清单.docx

Unit 4 Body Language一.单词转换1 . interact vi.相互作用，相互影响-interaction n .交流；相互影响2 . rely vi.依赖；依靠reliable adj.可靠的；可信赖的3 . anger n .愤怒；怒气vt.使生气；激怒angry adj.生气的；恼火的4 . vary vi.（根据情况）变化;改变various adj.不同的；各种各样的variety n .变化；品种；种类. approve vi.赞成;同意vt批准;通过approval n .赞成;认可disapprove v .不赞成5 . differ vi相异;不同于different adj.不同的;与众不同的-difference n .差异;区另differently adv.不同地二.一词多义. contrast n .差异;对照物vi.& vt.形成对照;形成比照Today's work is quite a contrast to what you did yesterday. 对付爰捉弄人的人的最正确方法就是不搭理他。知识拓展在 the first, the second, the last, the next, the only 等词和形容词最高级 后或在被这些词修饰的名词/代词后，常用不定式作定语。(2)在time, way, chance, ability, promise等抽象名词后,常用不定式作定语。即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子The chance to go (go)for a picnic has been ruined.He is the only man to know (know)the truth.最好的旅行方式是坐高铁。The best way to travel is to take a highspeed train.他总是第一个来，最后一个走。He is always the first to come and the last to leave .多锻炼是保持健康的好方法。It's a good way to keep fit with more exercise.1 .when doing.(教材 P38)In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person.在日本，当你和年长的人说话时，低头可能是对长辈的尊重。句式分析：句中when talking to an older person是一个省略句,补全后为：when you are talking to an older persono例 1 When seeing the naughty child, the teacher sympathized to his mother.当看到那个淘气的孩子时,老师对他的母亲表示很同情。例 2 I kept a diary every day while (I was)travelling.在那次旅行期间，我每天都写日记。知识拓展当 when , while , before , after z unless , as if z if 等引导的状语从句中的主 语与主句主语一致或从句主语是it,且从句谓语中含有be动词时，可以省略从 句中的主语和be动词。即学即练单句语法填空/一句多译He won't come unless invited(invite).While playing (play)with his children outdoors, the father felt very happy.如果你被录用干这份工作的话，你会很快被通知到的。If you are accepted for the job, youll be informed soon. = If accepted for the job, youll be informed soon.3.比拟级的否认形式表示最高级含义(教材 P39)And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend.如果我们感到沮丧或孤独，没有什么比看到好朋友的笑脸更好的了。句式分析：句中nothing better than是比拟级的否认形式表示最高级的含义。例 1 Personally, she would like nothing better than to accept this invitation.就她个人来说，她巴不得接受这次邀请。例 2 Peter likes nothing better than going to the coast and messing about in his boat.彼得最喜欢去海边，毫无目的地让船在海中漂荡。知识拓展最高级意义的多种表达法：否认词+形容词/副词比拟级(+ than)(2)否认词+ so/as +形容词福！I词原级+ as(3)比拟级 + than + all the other + 名词复数 the other + 名词复数 any other + 名词单数 any of the other + 名词复数 anything/anyone else即学即练单句语法填空/完成句子I have never spent a more worrying(worrying)day.Tom is more intelligent(intelligent)than any other student/all the other students in his class.再没有别的书对我的生活有更大的影响了。No other book has had a greater effect on my life.多么好的一本小说啊！我从未读过比这更感人的了。What a wonderful novel! I have never read a more moving one .李洋在班里学习最努力。Li Yang studies harder than anyone else in his class .在夏季炎热的下午，我想不出什么东西比一杯冰凉可口的啤酒更好。I can think of nothing better than a nice cold beer on a hot summer afternoon.1 .The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in.分析本句为复合句。动词ing形式using body language作表语，that is appropriate to the culture you are in为that引导的限制性定语从句，修饰 先行词a way ;其中you are in是省略了 that的又一个定语从句，修饰先行词 the cultureo译文最重要的是要以一种适合你所在文化的方式使用肢体语言。2 . There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part.分析本句为复合句。连词and连接三个how引导的宾语从句,其中we are talking to是省略了关系代词whom的定语从句 修饰先行词someone ,when we meet or part为时间状语从句。译文我们彼此接触的方式、我们与谈话对象的距离以及我们见面或分手时的 行为也存在差异。寒假预习必备I（n.对照物）He contrasted the two different economic systems in his speech.（vt.对照；比照）This white peak contrasts finely with the blue sky.（vi.形成对照；形成比照）2 . witness vt.当场看到；目击；见证n.目击者；证人She was a witness of the incident（n.目击者；证人）No one could witness that he was present（vt.见证） A carpenter was giving evidence about an accident he had witnessed .vt.当场看到；目击. favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于n .帮助；恩惠;赞同I hate asking favours of people.（n.帮助;恩惠）The teacher favours serious students.（vt.较喜欢）Hot climate and plentiful rainfall favour the growth of plants.（Vt有利于）. anger n .怒气；愤怒vt.使生气；激怒His impolite words angered his teacher.（vt.使生气；激怒）（2）Though he felt his anger mounting, he kept perfect control of himself.（n.怒气；愤怒）三、重点词汇l.vary vi.（根据情况）变化；改变The temperature varies from time to time.温度常常变化。The sword hardly varied in form from the 12th to the 15th century.剑的样式从12世纪到15世纪几乎没有什么改变。知识拓展vary in sth.在某方面不同vary with sth.随 而变化vary betweenand.=vary fromto由到情况不等variety n.变化；种类；多样性a variety of=varieties of许多的;各种各样的various adj.各种各样的由于各种原因，我不愿见他。For various reasons, rd prefer not to meet him.=For a variety of reasons, Fd prefer not to meet him.=For varieties of reasons, Fd prefer not to meet him.2.approve vi.赞成；同意vt.批准；通过In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of.相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。The minister approved the building plan.部长批准了该建筑计划。Her father will never approve of her marriage to you.他父亲永远不会同意她和你结婚。知识拓展approve of赞成;同意approve of sb./sb/s (doing)sth.同意某人(做)某事approval n.赞成;同意;批准；认可I don't need approval all the time.If someone does not approve of me, I will still be okay.我不总是需要别人的认同，如果有人不认同我，我还是会觉得没事。3.witness vt.当场看到;目击;见证n .目击者;证人A witness was examined by him in a court of law.他在法庭上质问一个证人。He gave witness on behalf of an accused person.他为被告作证。知识拓展witness sth.目击了某事witness to (doing)sth证实，证明(做)某事witness for 为作证(2)be a witness to sth.是某事的证据/证人 bear/give witness to做的证人;为作证 司机作证说，他看到此人进入那栋大楼。The driver witnessed to having seen the man enter the building.这些事实证明了他的粗心。These facts are a witness to his carelessness .The witness who witnessed the incident gave witness to the police and promised to be a witness .这个目击了这起事故的目击者向警察提交了证据并且容许做证人。differ vi.不同于；相异Japanese differs greatly from French in pronunciation.日语发音和法语大不相同。Conditions of employment differ according to the type of company you are working for.雇佣条件因供职公司的不同而有差异。知识拓展differ from与不同/有区别differ in在方面不同differ with sb.on/about/over sth.与某人在某事上持不同（看法）different adj.不同的be different from.与不同difference n.不同,差另!make a difference （to）（对）有作用或影响Learners with different cultural backgrounds differ a lot in their thinking patterns and learning styles.The difference can be investigated and explained.不同文化背景的学习者在思维模式和学习风格上有很大的不同。这种差异可以被 研究和解释。5 .favour vt.较喜欢；选择；有利于n .帮助；恩惠；赞同A mother shouldn't show too much favour to one of her children.母亲不应该对一个孩子表现出过多的宠爰。I must decline to show favour to any of the candidates.我必须拒绝偏袒任何一位候选人。知识拓展do sb.a favour=do a favour for sb.帮某人的忙 ask sb.for a favour= ask a favour of sb.请求某人帮助in favour of.支持in one's favour对某人有利今天你能帮我个忙去学校接山姆吗？Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today? = Could you do a favour for me and pick up Sam from school today?我想请你帮助，你能把你的 借给我吗？I want to ask a favour of you; will you lend me your cell phone?=1 want to ask you for a favour; will you lend me your cell phone?6 .break down消除;分解;打破Our car broke down and we had to draw it to a garage.我们的车坏了，不得不把它拖到修车厂去。By then the gate was being broken down.那时候大门快要被砸开了。知识拓展break away from脱离；摆脱；挣脱；打破陈规break in闯入;强行进入break out突然发生；爆发（不用于被动语态）break up打碎；分裂;解体；解散.reliable adj.可信赖的；可靠的It has a highly reliable control system.它具备一套极可靠的控制系统。He's a good musician and totally reliable .他是个出色的音乐家，而且非常可靠。知识拓展a reliable friend可靠的朋友be reliable as作为是可靠的rely v.信任；信赖；依赖；依靠rely on/upon依靠；依赖rely on it that.相信The land, the essential means of production, is the most reliable living security that the peasants can rely on .土地作为基本的生产资料，是农民可以依赖的最可靠的生活保障。8 .bend vt.&vi. ( bent, bent)(使)弯曲;倾斜；偏向bend the truth扭曲事理；歪曲事实bend one' s mind/efforts to sth.致力于某事；专心致志.tendency n.趋势；倾向a tendency (for sb./sth.) to do .a tendency to/towards的倾向/tend vt往往会vi.趋向vi.&vt.照管；护理四、重点短语1 .by contrast相比之下.by comparison 与相比拟2 .look into窥视;调查;过问4.make inferences 推断；推论5.break down消除;分解；打破6.straighten up直起来，挺直；整理，收拾整齐7.in other words换句话说；也就是说.at work有某种影响;起某种作用8 .call on短暂访问（某人）；号召；请求，邀请五、重点句式1.不定式短语作后置定语（教材 P38）For example, making eye contactlooking into someone's eyesin some countries is a way to display interest.例如，在一些国家，进行眼神交流直视某人的眼睛是表现出兴趣的一 种方式。句式分析：不定式短语to display interest作后置定语，修饰a wayoM列 1 The meetings were a way to get acquainted with each other.这些会议是一种相互结交的途径。例 2 The best way to deal with a tease is to ignore him.