人教版七年级上册英语知识点全总结3.docx

七年级上册Unitl-7一.考点归纳Hello, Gina. Good morning.嗨，吉娜。早上好。英文中常用的问候语及其回答： Hello.Hello.Hi.Hi.Good morning. Good morning.Good afternoon.Good afternoon.Good evening.Good evening.Good night.Good night.晚安。（晚上分别时）How do you do?你好。（初次见面时.互相问好）一How do you do?你好。How are you?你好吗？（已相识者问对方好？）一Fine, thank you.好，谢谢。1. Sorry, Tm late.对不起,我迟到了。sorry “对不起”用于引出某一过错。Excuse me.“对不起”用于引起对方的注意。例如：1）m sorry I can* speak English.对不起，我不会说英语。2） Excuse me, is this your backpack?打搅一下，这是你的背包吗？2. Nice to meet you!很高兴认识你！ Nice to meet you, too!3. What's this in English?这个用英语怎么说？1）同义句：What's the English for this?2）用什么语言，介词用in:“in+某种语言”.例如：in English 用英语 in Chinese 用汉语 in Japanese 用日语Let's learn English.让我们学英语。（一）lefs = let us让我们Let's learn English.让我们学习英语吧。=Why not learn English?为什么不学习英语呢？二 What/How about learning English?学习英语怎么样？为什么不：why not +do;why don't you（二）let sb. do sth.让某人做某事 例如：Let me play the guitar.注意：1） let sb. do sth.中的sb,假设是代词要用宾格形式。Let her sing an English song.2） let sb. do sth.中的sb.即使是第三人称单数后面的动词仍用原形，例如： Let him play soccer.3） learn from 向学习,例如：Let us learn from Lei Feng.让我们向雷锋学习。4） ） learn to do sth.学会干某事 例如：He learns to speak a little French.他学会说一点法语。6. What color is this sweater?这个毛衣是什么颜色？1）对颜色提问的两种方法:What color .? = What9s the color of.?例如：What color is your sweater? = What's the color of your sweater?你的毛衣是什么颜色？What color are these pants?这些裤子是什么颜色？2） color是可数名词，例如：I don't like these colors.我不喜欢这些颜色。7. What,s your name?你叫什么名字？1）对姓名的几种提问及回答：Whafs your name? = May I have/know your name? My name is=my name's . = I'm .2） 姓氏：family name / last name名字：first /given name 全名：full nameIs this your dictionary?这是你的字典吗？答:Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.1) speak强调讲话这一动作本身，演讲或说话的能力、讲某种语言。例如：It's your turn to speak.该你说了。Can I speak to Mike?我可以和 Mike 说句话吗？I can speak a little English.我会说一点英语。2) say强调说话内容。例如：Let me say "Thanks" to you.让我对你说“谢谢"吧。He says he doesn't know that man.他说他不认识那个男人。3) talk强调交谈。talkto/withsb.与某人交谈 talk about sth./sb.谈论某事tell 强调“告诉tell sb. sth. = tell sth. to sb.告诉某人某事11. Can you play the guitar?你会弹吉它吗？play + the + 乐器 play + 球/棋/牌类play with + .玩例如：Can you play the piano?你会弹钢琴吗？Do you like playing chess?你喜欢下棋吗？She plays with her little dog.她在和她的小狗玩。12. Are you good with children?你能和孩子们和谐相处吗？1) be good with = get on well with 与某人和谐相处be good to= be friendly/kind to.对友好 He is good to me .他对我好。2) be good at= do well in 擅长 He is good at/does well in English.他擅长英语。13. Can you help kids w汕swimming?你能帮助孩子学游泳吗？help sb. (to) do sth. =help sb. with sth.帮助某人去干某事。例如：I often help my mother to do some housework(家务).=I often help my mother with housework.我经常帮我妈妈做家务。14. Please fill it out.请把它填好。15. Tm the first one to take a shower.我是第一个去洗澡的人。1) the + 序数词(first/ second/ .last) to do sth."第几个做”，例如：Gina is the first one to know my e-mail address.Gina是第一个知道我的电子邮件地址的人。2)洗澡：take/have a showerWhat a funny time to have breakfast!吃早饭的时间多么有趣！感叹句用what和how引导，what和how与所修饰词放于句首，其它用陈述语序。1)由what引导的感叹句一般有以下三种结构型式：被修饰词是不可数名词时，用“What+形容词+不可数名词+主语+谓语！ ”例如： What great weather!多好的天气啊！ What sweet water it is!多甜的水啊！被修饰词是可数名词单数时，用“What+a/an +形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！”例如：What an interesting movie it is!多有趣的电影啊！被修饰词是可数名词复数时，用“What+形容词+复数可数名词+主语+谓语！ ” 例如：What great books they are!多好的书啊！2)用how引导的感叹句一般有以下两种形式：How+形容词+主语+谓语！ ”例如：How nice the shorts are!多漂亮的短裤啊！How boring the TV show is!多无聊的电视节目啊！How+副词+主语+谓语！例如：How hard he studies!他学习多努力啊！16. After breakfast he plays his guitar.吃过早饭他弹奏吉它。17. He takes the number 17 bus to the Hotel.他坐 17 路公车去宾馆。18. He works all night.他整晚都在工作。all (the) day 整天，整个白天all day and all night整天，整天整夜all the year 整年 all the month整个月all the week整个星期all the summer整个夏天19. People love to listen to him.人们喜欢听他的演奏listen to 听 例如：listen to the music 听音乐高分突破：1)听老师说：listen to the teacher ()listen to the teacher speak (x)2)动作短语：look at看着see看见 listen to听着 hear听见20. He gets home at 7:00.他七点钟到家。home, here, there这几个副词前面不用介词，其用法如下：get home/here/there到家/这儿/那儿go home/ there回家/去那儿come here来这儿Tm really busy today.我今天真的很忙。be busy with sth忙于做某事,例如：I'm busy with my homework.我在忙我的作业.be busy (in) doing sth.例如：Vm busy (in) doing my homework.我在忙着做作业。21. All my classes finish at 2:00.我所有的课都在两点钟结束。= All of my classes finish at 2:00. = All of my classes are over at 2:00.22. Our teacher is very strict and he makes me very tired.我们的老师非常的严格，而且常使我感到很累。strict严格的be strict with sb.对某人严格My teacher is strict with us.我的老师对我们要求严格。Their parents are really strict with them他们的父母对他们真的要求严格。be strict in sth.对某事严格Our teacher is strict in our homework.我们的老师对我们的作业要求严格。be strict with sb. in sth.对某人在某事方面严格They are strict with me in my homework.他们对我的作业要求严格。23. Please write soon.请尽快给我写信。write (a letter) to sb 给某人写信.get a letter from sb. =hear from sb 收到某人的信.That sounds good.听上去不错。sound/look +形容词听/看起来怎样That sounds boring.听上去无聊。It looks very nice.看起来真的不错。28 .英语中日期的表达：英文对日期的表达顺序：月，日，年。中文对日期的表达顺序：年，月，日2)对星期几提问：What day is it today?对日期提问：What's the date today?29 .购物的英语常用语：1)售货员招呼顾客： May I help you? Can I help you? What can I do for you?What would you like?你需要点什么吗？2)询问顾客想买东西的特征： What kind would you like?你想要什么种类的？ What color would you like?3)顾客询问价格： How much is it(are they)? How much does it cost(do they cost)?=What9s the price of.?多少钱?顾客决定要买：Fil take/have it(them). 5)付钱：Here's the money.给你钱。30 .get on "上车"get on the bus (d)上公共汽车。Get in the car 上小汽车。(二).语法精讲一.动词be (is, am, are)的用法我用am,你(you)用are, is跟着他(he),她(she),它(it)。单数名词用is,复数名词全用are。变否认，更容易，be 后not加上去。变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。还有一条须注意，句首大写莫忘记。二.this, that 和 it 用法(l)this和that是指示代词，it是人称代词。距离说话人近的人或物用this,距离说话人远的人或物用thato如：This is a flower.这是一朵花。(近处)That is a tree.那是一棵树。(远处)(3)放在一起的两样东西,先说this,后说that。如：This is a pen. That is a pencil.这是一支钢笔。那是一支铅笔。(4)向别人介绍某人时说This is，不说That is。如：This is Helen. Helen, this is Tom.这是海伦,海伦，这是汤姆。(5)This is不能缩写，而That is可以缩写。如:This is a bike. Thafs a car.这是一辆自行车。那是一辆轿车。(6)在回答this或that作主语的疑问句时，要用it代替this或that。如：一Is this a notebook?这是笔记本吗？Yes, it is.是的,它是。一What's that?那是什么？一It's a kite.是只风筝。三,these和those用法this, that, these和those是指示代词，these是this的复数形式,指时间，距离较近的或下面要提到的人或事;those是that 的复数形式，指时间、距离较远或前面已经提到过的人或事物。This is my bed. That is Lily's bed.这是我的床。那是莉莉的床。©These pictures are good.那些画很好。Are those apple trees?那些是苹果树吗？在回答主语是these或those的疑问句时，通常用they代替these或those以防止重复。如：Are these/those your apples?这些(那些)是你的苹果吗？Yes, they are.是的，他们是。四.want用法想干什么用want to do sthThey want to join the sports club.他们想力口入运动俱乐部。(2)第三人称单数作主语，want要作变化He wants to play basketball.Li Xia wants to play the piano.(3)变疑问句，否认句要借助助动词do或does.一Do you want to play soccer ball ? Yes , I do . / No , I don't.(2)Does he want to go home by bus ? Yes , he does . / No , he doesn't五.There be句型There be句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。“其基本结构为叮here be+某物(某人)+某地(某时)” 其中there是引导词，没有词义；主语是be后面的名词，be是谓语动词，在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形 式。下面这首歌诀可帮你巧记there be句型结构：There be放句首，主语跟在后。地、时放句末，强调置前头。如：There is a book on the desk.有时为了强调地点，也可把介词短语放在句首。如：On the desk there is a book.(2)There be句型中的be动词如何确定呢？请先看看下面这首歌诀：Be动词，有三个，am, is还有are。“There be”真特别，不留am只留俩，那就是is还有are。要用is还是are,须 看其后的名词是单数还是复数。假设是单数或不可数名词用is,否那么就用are。如：There is an eraser in the drawe匚抽屉里有一块橡皮擦。There is some water (水)in the bottle (瓶子).There are some pears in the case.盒子里有些梨子。(3)注意：如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词，那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原那么。 也就是说，“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。假设那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,是复数就用areo 如：There is a book and some pens on the floor.有一本书和几支钢笔在地板上。There are some pens and a book on the floor.有几支钢笔和一本书在地板上。六.句子单数变复数，注意以下五要素(1)主格人称代词要变成相应的复数主格人称代词，即I一 we, you> you, she, he, it一 they。如：She is a girl. 一They are girls.(2)am, is 要变为 are。如：I'm a student. 一We are students.(3)不定冠词 a, an 要去掉。如：He is a boy. >They are boys.(4)普通单数名词要变为复数形式。如：It is an apple. 一They are apples.(5)指示代词 this, that 要变为 these, thoseo 如：This is a box. 一These are boxes.复数变单数那么相反。七.时间的表达法(1)直读式，即直接读出时间数字7: 05 seven five 8:16 eight sixteen(2)过、差式，即几点差几分，几点过几分。(以30分为分界线)1:25 twenty-five past one 一点过 25 分2:30 half past two 两点半3:43 seventeen to four 差 17 分到四点4:38 twenty-two to five 差 22 分到五点(3)12小时制6:00 a.m.上午6点 8:20 p.m.下午8点20分(4)24小时制13:00 13点钟22:1522点15分(5)15分可用a quarter 一刻钟4:15 a quarter past four 四点过一刻 5:45 a quarter to six 差一刻到六点(6)时间前通常用at. at 5 o'clock在五点钟at 7:30 p.m.在下午七点半八.数词数词分为基数词和序数词，基数词表示人或事物的数量，序数词表示人或事物的次序。1.基本的基数词和序数词的构成：1)基数词的表达法：112的基数词是独立的单词。1319的基数词均以-teen结尾，注意thirteen, fifteen, eighteen的拼写。2090的整十位数均以-ty结尾，注意twenty, thirty, forty, fifty的拼写。几十几的基数词是由十位数词和个位数词合成，中间加连字符“一”。例如：21: twenty-one; 32: thirty-two三位数的构成：几十百+ and+末位数。例如：102: one hundred and two 654: six hundred and fifty-four(§)千以上的数字的读法：从后往前，每三位数一个单位。例如：3762: three thousand seven hundred and sixty-two98733: ninety-eight thousand seven hundred thirty-three高分突破： 基数词可以和名词构成合成形容词，但名词要用单数。例如：a 7-year-old girl 一个七岁大的小女孩“几十”的数词的复数形式可以表示人的岁数或年代。例如：in his forties在他四十多岁时in the 1940s在二十世纪四十年代 数词hundred, thousand等前无修饰词时，须用复数且后常接介词of,如有many, some,等修饰词时，可用复数 或单数形式，但复数时常有介词。3例如：three hundred kids hundreds of kids2)序数词的表达法：序数词=基数词+th (第1,第2,第3为first, second, third),但要注意: fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth 的拼写。 以ty结尾的基数词变y为i,再加eth。儿十儿以上的基数词变序数词时只有个位数变为序数词。2数词的应用：1)表示时钟，例如：seven o9clock, eight fifty2)表示编号，例如：Unit One = the first unit Bus 107 = the number 107 bus3)表示年月，例如：July 27, 20054)分数的表达法：分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母用复数，例如：1/3: one third 4/5: four fifths初一英语时态专题复习一般现在时：定义：一般现在时表示、现在的状态。、经常或习惯性动作。、主语所具备的性格和能力。、真理。1、标志：often （经常）,usually, sometimes （有时），always （总是），never （从不），on Sundays （在星期天），every day/month/year （每一天/月/年）结构：主语+连系动词be（am/is/are）+名词/形容词/数词/介词短语/副词等做表语表状态（包括 There be +n.）一般现在时练习：.1（be） a student. My name（be） Tom.我是一位学生，我的名字叫汤姆。Where（be） my shoes? They（be） under the bed.我的鞋在哪里？他们在床下。Who（be） the girl in red? I think she（be） Kate.穿红衣服的女孩是谁？我认为她是凯特。You and I（not be） in Class Six,你和我不在六班。（be） there an apple on the table? Yes, there（be）.桌上有一个苹果吗？是的，有。her parent tall? No, he.他的父亲高吗？不，他不高。主语（非第三人称单数，如:I, we, they, you, Tom and Bob） +行为动词原形+其他（用助动词do帮助构成否认句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问）主语（第三人称单数，如：he, she, it, Tom） +行为动词的第三人称单数+其他（用助动词does帮助构成否认句、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句）行为动词第三人称单数加-s的形式：1.- s 2,辅音+y: study-studies.以 s, x, ch, sh 结尾 watch-watches teach-teaches3 特殊 have-has do-does go-goes注意：1）.情态动词can： 1、任何主语+can+动词原形2、主语+can+动词原形3、Can+主语+动词原形？ 4、疑问词+can+主语+动词原形？I can play the guitar. She can play the guitar. They can play the guitar. Can he play the guitar?She plays the guitar.当无can时在主语是第三人称单数时谓语要加So2）非谓语动词（是固定搭配）1. like+to do喜欢去干 如：我喜欢和你一起吃午饭。I like to have lunch with you.like+ doing喜欢干（活动为ing动名词形式）如:我喜欢游泳。I like swimming.want to do sth.想去干某事 如：我想去看喜剧片。 I want to see a comedy .3. love to do 乐意去干,如：我爱学习英语I love to study English.4. thanks for doing 为而感谢 如：谢谢回答下列问题 Thanks for answering the Question.5. let sb. do sth.让某人去干某事如：让他去清扫寝室。Let him clean the bedroom.练习：She wants（have） a party. Does he like（swim）? Thanks for（help） me. 祈使句：意义：发出命令或邀请的语气的句子。如：Spell it,please.请拼写它。Let's read English.让我们读英语吧。Stand up, please.请起立。综合练习：1）根据（）里所给词的正确形式填空。l.Mr Green（be） a teacher.2 .What time your brother usually（do） his homework?3 .You can（play）after class. 4. Who（have） a ruler?5. Jack（have） a soccer ball, but he（not have） a basketball.6. Jim（like）（run）?7. He wants（have） ice cream.2） .句子翻译。1、We at six every day.我们每天6点起床。2、What he usually in the evening? He usually.他晚上常干什么？他常做作业。3） .人称代词专项练习：（用法见书95页）.（我）am a worker （工人）.（你）are a doctor （医生）.（她）is a teacher.1 .Thisis （他的）shirt. 3. This is（我的）pen.4） （我彳门的）sweaters are there.1.1 like this picture. Please give（它）to（我）.6 .（他们）are new students.（他们的）names are Lucy and Lily.7 . These are（我们的）shoes. Can（我们）wear（它们）.9 . Thank for（你的）help.8.（to） loves （他的）mother, and （他的）mother loves （他）,too. （我）love （你）,and（你）love （我），too.试卷一I .词汇知识A）请根据句意及首字母提示，补全所缺单词，每空一词。1.1 like to s a little longer in the morning.2 .What time d he eat breakfast?3 .Ben usually g up at 7： 00.4 .People love to 1 to his songs.5 . T for your beautiful present.6.School s at nine o'clock.7 . W do people usually eat dinner, 7： 00 p.m?8 .He w the early morning news on TV.8.1 am the last one to t a shower.lO.Do you know what his j is? A worker?B）请用所给词的适当形式填空。1 .Please write and tell （I） about your birthday party.2 .He always （make） his breakfast in the morning.3 .What a （fun） time to go swimming!4 .What time do you （usual） get up, Rick?5 .What's your （one） name?n.单项选择。（）l.The little boy is only five, but he can his clothes and take them off now.A. put it onB. put onC. put on itD. put on them（ ）2.1 go to work after breakfast every day.A./, theB./, /C. the, aD. the, /（ ）3._do you usually get up?一I usually get up at five o'clock.A. WhatB. What timeC. WhereD. Why（）4.?一Seven thirty.A. Whafs the time B. How many time it is C. Whafs the date D. When () 5.We usually late on Sunday morning.A. playB. get upC. runD.go( )6.Weekdays, When do you classes?( )6.Weekdays, When do you classes?A. On, begin your B .At, begin to have ()7.?一Seven thirty.A. When time do classes beginC. Whafs day is it today8. ( ) Here you are.A. Put on it B. Put on they9.1 think about four o'clock.A .itB. it'slO.It's ten o'clock. It's time.A. go to bed B. go to school in .句型转换1 .He eats breakfast at 7： 00.(一般疑问句)C. On, begin have D. In, begin to haveB. What time do classes beginD. How many hours are there in a dayC. put them onD. Put on themC. itsD. isC. to go schoolD. to go to bedhe eat breakfast at 7： 00?2.She gets home at 7： 00.(就划线局部提问) she get home?3 .After supper he practice his guitar.(就划线局部提问) he practices his guitar.4 .Rick's family has one shower.(就划线局部提问) showers does Rick's family?5 .The old man usually leaves his house at 8 in the morning.(就划线局部提问) the old man usually at 8 in the morning?IV.连词成句。1.1 my do homework six o'clock atyou do up get around at five o'clock?4. do when get up you?5. do what time get up you?5.like I to sleep longer a little the in morning.将错处的标号填入题前，括号内并改正。()1.1 go school at around eight o'clock.ABCD()2.Thank you for your helps.A B C D()3.To get to work, he takes the number bus 17 to the Santen Hotel.ABCD()4.Then may be you can be in our school concert.A BCD()5.1 think Beijing Opera is Very interested.ABCD. .在II栏中选出工程的正确答语。I栏II栏A.I eat dinner at 6:00.B. He plays the piano in the evening.C. It fs one ten .D. Yes ,she does .E. No, at home.F. Yes ,he does.G. No, in the afternoon.A.I eat dinner at 6:00.H. He plays the piano in the evening.I. It fs one ten .J. Yes ,she does .K. No, at home.L. Yes ,he does.M. No, in the afternoon.What time is it?What time on you eat?when does he play the pianoDo you usually play basketball in the morning?Does linda match TV at 8:00?Do