高中一般将来时&过去将来时(8页).doc

-高中一般将来时&过去将来时-第 8 页将来时将来时包括一般将来时和过去将来时。一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或重复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如：tomorrow，next year，soon等。例：I'm going to study tomorrow.我打算明天去学习。I will（shall）study tomorrow.我明天将去学习。我们已经学习了一般现在时、一般过去时，它们和一般将来时是一个什么样的关系呢？一般现在时，表示目前（现在）习惯或经常性的动作。以现在为基准，叙述过去某时的事情，用过去时。而以现在为基准，叙述将来的事情时，则用将来时。1. I cleaned my room yesterday.2. I clean my room every day.3. I am going to（=will） clean my room tomorrow.句1是一般过去时，叙述过去的某时（昨天）发生的事，和现在没有关系。只是说明我昨天打扫了房间。句2是一般现在时，叙述的是经常性的动作，我每天打扫房间，已成为一种习惯。句3是叙述将来某个时间（明天）要发生的事。我明天要打扫房间。【注意】在英语中，不同的时态，必须以不同的动词形式来表达。一般将来时的构成：A.主语+be（am，is，are） going to+动词原形.B.主语+will（shall）+动词原形1 be going to+动词原形对于将要发生的事，或打算、计划、决定要做的事情时，皆以be going to +动词原形的句型来表示。因为此句型含有be动词，所以是否用am，are，is，决定于主语。1 肯定句主语+be（am，are，is） going to+动词原形.I am going to play football next Sunday.下周日我打算踢足球。He is going to travel around the world.他计划周游世界。They're going to meet outside the school gate.他们打算在校门口见面。It is going to rain.要下雨了。【注意】be going to后面的动词一定要用原形。2 否定句主语+be（am，are，is）not going to+动词原形.We're not going to have any class next week.下周我们不上课。此句型含有be动词，所以它的否定句的作法与一般含有be动词的句型相同，只要在be动词后面加上not即可，其余不变。I'm not going to be a teacher.我不打算当老师。He isn't going to see his brother tomorrow.他明天不准备去看他哥哥。【必背】缩略句的用法I'm going toHe's going toWe're going toI'm not going toHe isn't going toWe aren't going to3 疑问句：Be（Am，Is，Are）+主语+going to+动词原形？Are you going to be a doctor when you grow up？你长大了，打算当一名医生吗？Yes，I am. 是的，我打算当。No， I'm not.?不，我不打算当。1. 同样，因为句型中有be动词，所以它的疑问句的作法也和含有be动词的句型相同。把be动词放在句首，就使其成为疑问句了。Is your sister going to bring lunch？你姐姐打算给你带饭来吗？Yes，she is.（No，she isn't.）是的，她会的。（不，她不会。）2.疑问句可分成以be动词为句首的一般疑问句，另一种就是以疑问词为句首的特殊疑问句。其句型如下：疑问词（What，Where）+ be（am，is，are）+主语+going to+动词原形？What are you going to do next Sunday？下星期天你打算干什么？I'm going to go fishing.我打算去钓鱼。Who is going to use it？谁准备用它？Li Ming is going to use it.李明准备用它。（简略回答： Li Ming is.）When is she going to buy a new house？她准备什么时候买新房子？She is going to buy a new house in the first week of September.她计划九月的第一个星期买新房子。（简略回答：In the first week of September.）比较who和when的问句who问句和when问句都是特殊疑问句，但结构不同。who问句用疑问词who对主语进行提问，所以who就是这个句子的主语，后面不可能再出现主语。when问句是用疑问词when对句子中的时间状语提问，所以when后面的句子中一定有主语。2 主语+will（shall）+动词原形.除了用be going to+动词原形可以表示将来时，我们还可用will（shall）+动词原形表示将来时，句型如下：1肯定句：主语+will（shall）+动词原形.I will call you this evening.今天晚上我会给你电话。Some day people will go to the moon.总有一天，人们会到月球上去的。在书面语中，主语是第一人称I（We）时，常用shall，即I（We）+shall+动词原形.。在口语中，所有的人称都可以用will。即可以是主语（所有人称）+will+动词原形.。而且从英语的发展趋势看，很可能用will代替shall。From now on I'll（=I shall）come for the newspapers every Monday.从现在起，我每周一都来报馆工作。It'll snow in Beijing in winter.北京冬天将要下雪。【注意】 主语+will常用缩略式I willI'llyou willyou'llhe willhe'll she willshe'llit willit'llwe willwe'llthey willthey'll2否定句：主语+will（shall）not+动词原形.I will not（won't） tell it to him.我不会把这件事告诉他的。He won't have time to read English.他不会有时间读英语的。The birds won't fly away to the south when the weather turns cold.天气变冷之后，这些鸟也不会飞往南方。【注意】will not常用它的缩略式won't读作：3 疑问句：Will（Shall）+主语+动词原形？Will he be back in two days？两天后，他会回来吗？Yes，he will.（No， he will not.）是的，他会。（不，他不会。）When will Mike arrive here tomorrow？迈克明天什么时候到达这里？He will arrive here at three o'clock. 他明天三点钟到达这儿。Shall we have any class tomorrow？明天我们有课吗？Yes，we will（we shall）.是的，我们明天有课。No，we won't（we shall not）.不，明天我们没课。Shall I go home now？我现在可以回家了吗？Yes，you will.（Sure）是的，可以回家了。No，you won't.（I'm sorry. You can't.）不，你不可以回家。【注意】Shall I？或Shall we？常用来征求对方意见。而在问对方是否愿意，或者表示客气的邀请或命令时，常用Will you？同时这两种情况的回答比较灵活。Will you please open the window？劳驾，您打开窗户好吗？Yes，I will，（Of course. Sure.）好的。（当然了）。No，I won't.（I'm sorry. I can't.）不，我不能。（真对不起，我不能。）【注意 】在一般疑问句中的肯定回答，“Yes，I will.”不能用I'll，因为shall和will在句末时不能用缩略式。How many books will they give us？他们会给我们多少本书呢？They will give us thirty books.他们会给我们三十本书。v 其他表示将来时的结构：（简略回答：Thirty books.三十本。）1 用现在进行时表示将来时。be +现在分词。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。这个句型中动词主要是瞬间动词：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy等。如：Go ahead, and Im coming. 走前面一点吧，我就来。The dog is dying. 那条狗要死了。Hurry up. The shop is closing. 快点，商店就要关门了。2用一般现在时表示。² 在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作。If it doesn't rain tomorrow，we'll go to the Summer palace.如果明天不下雨，我们去颐和园。When he gets to the village，he will write to me.他到村里后就写信给我。² 表示已经预先计划或安排的肯定将要发生的动作，比方说，上课、飞机起飞、火车离站等。主要用于come，go，start，begin，leave，return，stop等瞬间动词。Dont hurry. The meeting starts at a quarter past eight. 不要匆忙，回忆八点过一刻开始。The bus goes back at four thirty. 汽车四点返回。 Next week they leave for Shanghai.下周他们动身去上海。 Our holidays begin in a week.一周后，我们的假期开始。² be to + 动词原形。表示一种常规性的活动或注定要做的事情。如：Who is to clean the classroom today? 今天该谁打扫教室了？When are you to return your library book? 你什么时候要还图书？The bridge is to be completed by the end of this year. 这渡桥该在今年年底前完工。² be about to + 动词原形。表示就要做或正好要做的事情。往往暗含一种时间上的巧合，因此，句子不能再用时间状语。如：Dont leave. Li Lei is about to come. 不要走了，李蕾就要来了。Be quiet. The concert is about to start. 安静下来，音乐演唱会就要开始了。【必背】和一般将来时连用的时间状语tomorrow 明天the day after tomorrow 后天soon 很快this afternoon?今天下午this evening 今天晚上this year 今年before long 不久next week（month，year，summer） 下一周（月、年、夏天）in the（near）future 在（不久的）将来in two weeks （days） 两周（天 ）后some day 将来的某一天3一般将来时的用法区别在现阶段来讲，“be going to +动词原形”和“will(shall)+动词原形”这两种表示将来时的结构没什么区别。但在现代英语中，特别是在口语中，表将来时多用“be going to +动词原形”这一形式。另外它们的主要区别在于“be going to +动词原形”表示一个事先考虑好的意图，相当于中文的打算、计划、准备，而will，shall则表示未经事先考虑的意图。【注意】但是如果不清楚是否须先考虑还是未考虑的意图时，二者都可用。There is somebody at the door. Ill go and open it.门口有人，我去开门。（Ill go and open it，去开门显然是未经事先考虑的意图，在此，不宜说?Im going to open it.）Mike: Im sorry. I forgot to mail the letter for you.迈克：真对不起，我忘了给你发信了。Tom: Never mind. Ill mail it tomorrow.汤姆：没关系。明天我去发了它。（显然，汤姆说明天我去发这封信时不能用be going to mail，因为这不是事先计划好的。）I wont (am not going to )tell you my age.我不会（准备）告诉你我的年龄。He is going to change his job.他打算换工作。（换工作是事先考虑好的意图，所以用be going to）4过去将来时过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。1过去将来时的构成（句型如下：）肯定句：主语+be（was，were）going to+动词原形.否定句：主语+be（was，were）not going to+动词原形.疑问句：Be（Was，Were）+主语+going to+动词原形？肯定句：主语+would（should）+动词原形.否定句：主语+would（should）not+动词原形.疑问句：Would（Should）+主语+动词原形？1.过去将来时的构成和一般将来时一样，只不过把助动词be变为过去式，把will，shall变为过去式。I didn't know if he would come.=I didn't know if he was going to come.我不知道他是否会来。She was sixty-six. In three years，she would be sixty-nine.她66岁了。三年后，她是69岁。She told us that she would not go with us，if it rained.她告诉我们，如果下雨，她就不和我们一起去了。I didn't know how to do it. What would be their ideas？我不知如何去做，他们会有什么想法呢？2.过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。此时，不管什么人称，一律用would。This door wouldn't open.这扇门老是打不开。Whenever he had time，he would do some reading.他一有时间，总是看书。I would play with him when was a child.当我还是孩童时，总是和他一起玩。【随堂练习】1.If their marketing plans succeed, they _ their sales by 20 percent.A. will increase B. have been increasingC. have increased D. would be increasing2No decision _ about any future appointment until all the candidates have been interviewed. A. will be made B. is madeC. is being made D. has been made3.Alice, why didnt you come yesterday?I _, but I had an expected visitor.had B. would C. was going to D. did4.Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane_.A. takes off B. is taking off C.has taken off D. took off5.The new secretary is supported to report to the manager as soon as she _.A. will come B. arrives C. is going to arrive D. is arrived6. If city noise _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now.A. are not kept, will have to B. are not kept, have to C. do not keep, will have to D. do not keep, have to7. Send my regards to your lovely wife when you _ home.A. wrote B. will write C. have written D. write8. Do you have any problems if you _ this job? Well, Im thinking about the salary. A. offer B. will offer C. are offered D. will be offered9. According to the time-table, the train for Shanghai _ at 7 oclock in the evening.A. leaves B. has left C. was left D. will leave10.Look at the timetable. Hurry up! Flight 4026 _ off at 18:20. A. takes B. took C. will be taken D. has taken11.Dont get off the bus until it _ A. has stopped B. stopped C. will stop D. shall stop 12. I wont tell the student the answer to the math problem until he_ on it for more than an hour. A. has been working B. will have worked C. will have been working D. had worked 13. _ leave at the end of this month. I don't think you should do that until _ another job. A. I'm going to; you'd found B. I'm going to; you've foundC. I'll; you'll find D. I'll; you'd find14.How can I apply for an online course?Just fill out this form and we_ what we can do for you.A. see B. are seeing C. have seen D. will see15.- The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasn't arrived yet.- Well, he said he _here on time.A came  B would come  C can be  D will be16.As soon as the baby saw her mother, she _.A was going to cry   B cryed   C began to cry   D was crying17.Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month.A as; come   B was; would come   C would be; came   D will be; come18.Jenny said she _her holiday in China.A spent  B would spent  C was going to spent   D would spend解析：1. if 引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来，可知主句应该用将来时，答案为A; 2. until引导的时间状语从句用的是现在完成时，表达将来，可判断主句应该用将来时，答案为A. 解时态题要善于抓住从句或主句中的时态来做出判断。比较be going to 与 will：如果主语的意图事先考虑过，用be going to，否则用will 3. 根据划线部分可知，他原本打算要来的，此题答案为C。4）B. 5）B 6) A 7)D 8)C 9）A 10)A. 11）A 12）. A 13）. B 14）D15) B   16) A   17)C   18) D