高中英语语法被动语态(6页).doc

-高中英语语法被动语态-第 6 页高中英语语法-被动语态一定义语态(voice)表示主语与谓语动词之间的关系。当主语是动作的 动词用 （Active Voice）；如果主语是动作的 ，动词便用 （PassiveVoice）。被动语态由be及物动词的过去分词构成。二.考点：考查时态和语态的掌握、与主谓一致连考题型： 例1.The problem solved and the foreigner got into the taxi.(短文改错)2.Now college graduates (encourage)to start their own business which sounds really good for them.(语法填空)3.Truly elegant chopstics might (make)of gold and silver with Chinese characters.(语法填空)三.做题步骤 判断语态 判断时态 套用具体时态的被动语态形式 注意主谓一致四.各种时态的被动语态形式1) 一般现在时：Subject+ be(am/is/are) +done (过去分词) 2）一般过去时: 3）一般将来时: Subject+ shall/will/ be going to be done (过去分词)4）过去将来时: 5）现在进行时: Subject+ be(am/is/are) being done(过去分词)6）过去进行时: 7）现在完成时: Subject+has /have been done8）过去完成时: 9）带有情态动词时: Subject+情态动词bedone (过去分词)五.掌握基础，学以致用(用所给动词适当形式填空)1.Visitors (request) not to take photos here.2. The classroom must (clean) every day.3. I (give) ten minutes to decide whether I studied abroad or not.4. you (invited) to a party held in the sckool hall tomorrow.5. A new cinema (build)here now6.The manager entered the office and was happy to learn that four-fifths of the tickets _ _.(book)7. A meeting (hold) when I was there.8. - Have you moved into the new house?- Not yet, the rooms _ _.(paint)9. The letter (receive)already. 10. He said a satisfying plan (put) forward next week.六. 被动语态与系表结构的区别并非所有的“be+过去分词”都为被动语态；有些为系表结构。be后面的过去分词是表语，相当于形容词，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其区分办法如下： 如果强调动作或句中有介词by引导出动作的执行者，该句一般为被动语态，否则为系表结构。例 The street is crowed. （系表结构） She is very excited. （系表结构）The glass is broken （系表结构） The glass was broken by the boy（被动语态）如果句中有地点、频率或时间状语时，一般为被动语态。例 The cup is broken. （系表结构）The cup was broken this morning. （被动语态）The door is locked （系表结构）The door has already/just been locked（被动语态）被动语态除用于一般时态和完成时态外，还可以用于其他各种时态，而系表结构中的系动词be只有一般时态和完成时态。例 The machine is being repaired七. 主动形式表被动意义的情况 练习：判断下列句子是否正确1. This kind of cloth is washed well.2. Great changes have been taken place in our hometown recent years.3. The house is belonged to my uncle.4. My dream has been come true.5. This kind of book is sold well.6. The man was proved to be a thief at last.7. This problem is difficult to be worked out .8. The war was broken out in 1991.9. What will be happened in one thousand years.10. The class is begun at 7 oclock. 熟记主动形式表被动意义的情况1.英语中有很多动词如 break，cook，begin，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash,cut, wear, 等，当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时，常用其主动形式 表达被动意义,主语通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.The food cooks well.2. 表示“发生、进行”的不及物动词和短语，如：happen, last, take place, break out, come out, come about, come true, run out, give out, turn out,belong to 等以主动形式表示被动意义。例 How do the newspapers come out? 这些报纸是如何引出来的呢？All my money ran out. 所有的钱都用完了。3. 系动词没有被动形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel, sound, taste, look, feel, 等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。 例Your reason sounds reasonable. The dishes taste great.4、非谓语动词的主动形式表被动意义在某些句型中可用动名词和不定式的主动形式表被动意义 。在need，want，require, bear等词的后面，动名词用主动形式表示被动意义，其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式。The house needs repairing（to be repaired）这房子需要修理。形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式。例The picture-book is well worth readingThe picture-book is very worthy to be read动词不定式在名词后面作定语，不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时，又和句中另一名词或代词构成主谓关系, 不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do与things是动宾关系，与I是主谓关系。)试比较：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此处用不定式的被动语态作定语表明you不是post动作的执行者。)在某些“形容词不定式”做表语或宾语补足语的结构中，句子的主语或宾语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时，这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。这些形容词有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。例This problem is difficult to work out . The air here is pleasant to breathe.注意：在使役动词have, make, get以及感官动词see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. A stranger was seen to walk into the building. 有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如“动词介词”，“动词副词”等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。 例 The meeting is to be put off till Friday. The old man was taken good care of by us.综合练习一、选择题( )1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Is; built B. Was; built C. Does; build D. Did ; build ( )2. An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened ( )3.Cotton（棉花） _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C. grows D. grow ( )4.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited ( )5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives ( )6.How many trees _ this year? A. are planted B. will plant C. have been planted D. planted ( )7.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done ( )8.-When _ this kind of computers_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used ( )9.The Great Wall _ all over the world. A. knows B. knew C. is known D. was known ( )10.Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D. was; written ( )11.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D. told us ( )12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump ( )13.The school bag _ behind the chair. A. puts B. can be put C. can be putted D. can put ( )14.Older people _ well. A. looks after B. must be looked after C. must look after D. looked after ( )15.Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。1.It's said(据说) that the long bridge_（build）in two months 2.Where to have the meeting _（discuss）now 3.Which language _the most widely_（speak）in the world？ 4.The lost boy_（not find）so far 5.Last year a large number of trees_（cut）down 6. The students _ often _(tell) to take care of their desks and chairs. 7. The old man is ill. He (must send) to the hospital. 8. Vegetables, eggs and fruits_ (sell) in this shop. 9. What _ knives _ (make) of ? They_(make) of metal(金属) and wood. 10. Can the magazine _ (take) out of the library? 11. The room _ (clean) by me every day. 12. The stars cant _ (see) in the daytime. 13. Some flowers _ (water) by Li Ming already. 14. This kind of shoes _ (sell) well. 15. How long _ _ your uncle _ _(be) in the city? 16. The food _ (smell) delicious.Answers一、选择题1. B2. D3.A 4. C5. 6.C 7.B 8.B 9.C 10. B11.B 12.D 13.B 14. B15.A 二、用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空。1.will be built 2. is being discussed 3. is spoken 4. hasnt been found 5. were cut 6.are told 7. must be sent 8. are sold 9.are made , are made 10. be taken 11.is cleaned 12. be seen 13. have been watered 14. sells 15. has been 16. smells 17 is dancing 三、按要求改写下列句子，一空一词。 1.Do, grow 2. is given to me 3.soon is 4. will be sung5. neednt be done 6. is used for 7. was made to do 8. is being watched 9. was built 10. have been sold 11. is called四、下列各句均有一处错误，请找出并改正过来。be done改为 do listened改为 listened to remembered 改为 was remembered is sounded 改为sounds By who 改为 By whom