情态动词讲解课件.ppt
关于情态动词讲解第1页，此课件共45页哦1.1.表能力表能力.could.could 是是cancan的过去式的过去式,表示过去表示过去 2.表示表示“请求请求”“许可许可”(表请求时，口语中常用表请求时，口语中常用could 代替代替 can 使语气更委婉，回答使语气更委婉，回答时用时用can)can 与与could1)Some of us can use the computer now,but we couldnt last year.2)The newly-built theatre can seat 1500 people.1)-Can/Could I use your dictionary?-Yes,you can.2)You can have my seat.Im going now.3)You can not talk in class.flash第2页，此课件共45页哦3.表示推测，意为表示推测，意为“可能可能”“”“或许或许”，常用于疑问句或否定句，常用于疑问句或否定句 (could 可以用于肯定句中可以用于肯定句中)1)It cant be my father.He is now in England.2)-Can it rain tomorrow?-No,it cant.3)Where can I put my key?4)You could be right，but I dont think you are.对过去的可能对过去的可能推测怎么说？推测怎么说？(不可能不可能)5)He cant/couldnt have gone to Beijing,for I saw him just now.第3页，此课件共45页哦can和和be able to的用法区别的用法区别She _sing the song in English.This machine _ make you feel comfortable.1.can的主语是人或物的主语是人或物,be able to的主语是人的主语是人 We_ finish the work soon.I _ see the film so far.2.can只用于现在式和过去式只用于现在式和过去式(could)。be able to 可以用可以用 于于各种时态。各种时态。She ran fast so that she _ catch the bus.3.表示成功地做了某事时，只能表示成功地做了某事时，只能was/were able to，不能不能用用could。He _ flee Europe before the war broke out.can/is able to can ll be able to havent been able tocould/was able towas able to第4页，此课件共45页哦may 与与might 表示表示“许可许可”或或“请求请求”，有，有“可以可以”的意思，比的意思，比can正式。正式。口语中常用口语中常用 might 代代 may,表示委婉语气。表示委婉语气。否定回答时常用否定回答时常用“must not”表表“禁止，阻止禁止，阻止”。1)-May/Might I watch TV after supper?-Yes,you may./Yes,please.(No,you mustnt.)2.表示可能性。表示可能性。意为意为“或许，可能或许，可能”常用于肯定句或否定句中常用于肯定句或否定句中。might 比比 may 可能性小。可能性小。1)They may/might be in the library now.2)She may not know the truth.(或许不或许不，可能不，可能不)3)She may/might have gone home.第5页，此课件共45页哦3.may/might well+动词原形动词原形“完全可以，很有可能完全可以，很有可能”You may/might as well go and have a look.5.May you+动词原形动词原形 表表“希望、祝愿希望、祝愿”May you succeed.4.may/might as well+动词原形动词原形“还是还是的好的好”You may well be proud of your son.He is excellent.May you have a good journey!May all your dreams come true！第6页，此课件共45页哦1.A computer _ think for itself;it must be told what to do.A.cant B.couldnt C.may not D.might not2.The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone _ get out.A.had to B.would C.could D.was able toA D 第7页，此课件共45页哦3.They will _ run this machine on theirown in three months.A.can B.could C.may D.be able to4.That big cinema _ seat 2,000 people.A.can B.should C.ought to D.is able toD A 第8页，此课件共45页哦5.Could I borrow your dictionary?Yes,of course you _.A.might B.will C.can D.should6.Might I watch TV after supper?Yes,you _.A.may B.must C.might D.couldC A 第9页，此课件共45页哦7.Peter _ come with us tonight,but he isnt very sure yet.A.must B.may C.can D.will8.Some people who dont like to talk much are not necessarily shy；they just be quiet people.A.must B.mayC.should D.would 9.Liza _ well not want to go on the trip-she hates traveling.（2008全国全国II）A.will B.can C.must D.may BBD第10页，此课件共45页哦may,might,can,could1.They(can not/may not)_ still be out,for the light is on in the house.2.You(cant/arent able to)_ smoke on the bus.3.With luck,tomorrow(can/could)_be a cooler day.4.You(can/might)_ be right,but Im going back to check it.表示许可表示许可cantcould表示猜测表示猜测can not表示猜测表示猜测(不可能不可能)might表示猜测表示猜测第11页，此课件共45页哦will 与与would 2.疑问句中用于第二人称，表疑问句中用于第二人称，表“请求、建议请求、建议”等等 would 比用比用will 委婉，客气些。委婉，客气些。1)Will/Would you(please)lend me your book?2)Would you like a cup of tea?3.will 与与would用于表示主语的意志或意愿。用于表示主语的意志或意愿。will 指现在，而指现在，而 would 指指 过去。过去。1)Ill never do that again.2)They said that they would help us.1.作助动词表单纯的将来作助动词表单纯的将来,可用于各种人称。可用于各种人称。1)I will tell you something important tomorrow.2)He said that he would tell you something important the next day.第12页，此课件共45页哦5.表示习惯性动作。表示习惯性动作。译作译作“总是、惯于总是、惯于”will 指现在，指现在，would 指过去。指过去。1)This old man is strange.He will sit for hours without saying anything.2)She would sit by window,deep in thought.4.表示表示推测推测，译作，译作“会，将会会，将会”Give him the apple.He will like it.6.与与not搭配，表拒绝，无可奈何之意搭配，表拒绝，无可奈何之意1)This door wont open.2)We pushed the car but it wouldnt move,not a bit.第13页，此课件共45页哦1)Perhaps I shall pay a visit to England this winter.shall 1.作助动词表单纯的将来作助动词表单纯的将来,用于第一人称。用于第一人称。2.在疑问句中，用于提出建议、征求意见。在疑问句中，用于提出建议、征求意见。常用于一常用于一、三人称、三人称.1)Shall we begin our discussion?2)Shall he use your pen?flash第14页，此课件共45页哦3.用于二、三人称，表说话人的允诺，决心，警告，命令用于二、三人称，表说话人的允诺，决心，警告，命令,或威胁。或威胁。1)You shall fail if you dont work harder.2)You shall get what you deserve.3)He shall be punished if he breaks the rule.4)Nothing shall stop us.（警告）（警告）(允诺允诺)(威胁威胁)(决心决心)4.用在条约用在条约、规章规章、法令等文件中表示义务或规定。法令等文件中表示义务或规定。1)Nobody shall go out without the teachers permission.2)Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.第15页，此课件共45页哦should 用于表义务、劝告、建议。用于表义务、劝告、建议。意为意为”应该、应当应该、应当”。（也可用（也可用ought to，但但ought to 语气重）语气重）1)You should/ought to help your mother with the housework.2.表示可能性、推测、推论或期待表示可能性、推测、推论或期待,意为意为“可能、按理说、该可能、按理说、该”Its 8 oclock now,he should be here at any moment.2)Dinner should be ready by now.2)One ought not(oughtnt)to cross the street against the red light.3)Ought we to do it at once?Yes,you ought to.第16页，此课件共45页哦3.表示意外或惊讶。意为表示意外或惊讶。意为“竟然会竟然会”1)Its strange that he should be absent.2)It seemed unbelievable that he should have done such a wicked thing.4.表示语气较强的假设。意为表示语气较强的假设。意为“万一万一”If the car should break down on the way,you would have to walk back.第17页，此课件共45页哦1.This printer is of good quality.If it _ break down within the first year,we would repair it at our expense.A.would B.should C.could D.might 2.I dont care what people think.Well,you _A.could B.would C.should D.might3.What do you mean,there are only ten tickets?There_ be twelve.A.should B.would C.will D.shallBCA第18页，此课件共45页哦4.-What does the sign over there read?-“No person _smoke or carry a lighted cigarette,cigar or pipe in this area.”2007 四川卷Awill Bmay Cshall D.must 5.Whats the name?Khulaifi._ I spell that for you?A.Shall B.Would C.Can D.Might CA第19页，此课件共45页哦must1.表示义务或强烈的劝告，意为表示义务或强烈的劝告，意为“必须必须”“”“应该应该”，其否定式表示其否定式表示“不应该不应该”“”“不许可不许可”“不准不准”“”“禁止禁止”。(回答回答 must 所在的一般疑问句时，否定回答用所在的一般疑问句时，否定回答用 “neednt”“dont have to”.)1)You must finish your homework first.2)Children mustnt speak like that to their parents.3)-Must we finish the work tomorrow?-No,you neednt/dont have to,but you must finish it in three days.flash第20页，此课件共45页哦 1)Betty must be in the next room.2)He must be joking.3)There is nobody here.They must have gone home.2.must表推测，用于肯定句，意为表推测，用于肯定句，意为“一定一定”“”“准是准是”。1)Why must it rain on Sunday?3.must可表示可表示“偏要，硬要偏要，硬要”，指做令人不快的事情或，指做令人不快的事情或对某事的不满或责备等情绪。对某事的不满或责备等情绪。2)Must you make so much noise?第21页，此课件共45页哦1).I dont like this TV set.We _buy a new one.2).There was no more bus.They _walk home.表示表示“必须必须”这个意思时，这个意思时，must 和和have to 稍有稍有区别。区别。must着重说明主观看法，着重说明主观看法，have to 强调客强调客观需要。另外，观需要。另外，have to 能用于更多时态。能用于更多时态。must had tomust和和have to第22页，此课件共45页哦 1.In crowded places like airports and railway stations,you _ take care of your luggage.A.Can B.must C.may D.willB 2.-Karl,look,its 10 oclock._ you play the piano so late?A.Can B.Must C.May D.WillB第23页，此课件共45页哦1.We _ smoke here,because the worker is carrying some petrol.2.It is dangerous.You _ leave the room immediately.3.He _ go hiking with friends at weekends when young.4.-Write to me when you get home.-I _.will,would,shall,should,must:mustntshould/mustwouldwill表示禁止表示禁止,不许可不许可表示建议表示建议,命令命令表示过去习惯表示过去习惯表示意愿表示意愿第24页，此课件共45页哦5.-Need I hand in my exercise book at once?-Yes,you_.6.You have been working all day.You _ be very tired.7.It is a long time since we met last time.You _ come and see us more often.8.Why dont you try on this dress?It _ look nice on you.mustmustshouldwill表示必须表示必须表示肯定猜测表示肯定猜测表示建议表示建议表示将会表示将会,一定会一定会第25页，此课件共45页哦Not sure Very sure He _ be in the classroom.He _ be in the classroom.He _ be in the classroom.He _ be in the classroom.He _ be in the classroom.表推测的情态动词表推测的情态动词cancouldmaymightshouldmustmightmaycouldshouldmust第26页，此课件共45页哦表示推测表示推测情态动词的重要用法情态动词的重要用法.肯定的推测肯定的推测可能的推测可能的推测否定的推测否定的推测疑问的推测疑问的推测must 现在现在 正在进行正在进行 过去过去情态动词情态动词may,might cant,couldntcan,could +V +be doing.+have done +V +be doing.+have done +V +be doing.+have done +V +be doing.+have done （可以用（可以用not表示表示“可能不可能不”）第27页，此课件共45页哦1)-Who _ the man over there be?-It _ be our headmaster.He wears glasses.2)-It _ be him.He has gone to Beijing.-Then it _ be Mr Li.He looks like the headmaster.canmaycant/couldntmust第28页，此课件共45页哦 注意：注意：must 表示推测时，表示推测时，只能用于只能用于肯定句。肯定句。must domust have donemust be doing对对一般时一般时的肯定推测的肯定推测对对现在的动作现在的动作进行肯定推测进行肯定推测对对过去发生的事情过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断作出的肯定判断第29页，此课件共45页哦他们买了一辆新车。他们买了一辆新车。他们一定很有钱他们一定很有钱They have bought a new car.他现在一定在看小说他现在一定在看小说He _ novels now路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了路是湿的。昨天晚上一定下雨了。The road is wet.They _ a lot of moneymust havemust be readingmust have rained,dont they?,isnt he?It _ last night,didnt it?他一定已经知道了。他一定已经知道了。He _ it nowmust have known,hasnt he?第30页，此课件共45页哦 1.I dont know where she is,she _ be in Wuhan.2.At this moment,our teacher _ our exam papers.这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。这时，我们老师想必在批改试卷。3.He knew it.He _ the film last night.(see)4.Your mother _ for you.你妈妈一定一直在找你。你妈妈一定一直在找你。may/mightmust be markingmust have seenmust have been looking第31页，此课件共45页哦5.Philip _ seriously in the car accident.菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤菲利普可能在车祸中受了重伤.6.-Linda has gone to work,but her bicycle is still here.-She _(go)by bus.7.Mike _ his car,for he came to work by bus this morning.迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐迈克一定还没有找回他的车，因为早上他是坐 公共汽车来上班的。公共汽车来上班的。may(might)have been hurtmay(might)have gonecant have found第32页，此课件共45页哦 情态动词情态动词+have done这是历年高考热点之一，这是历年高考热点之一，可表示可表示“推测、责备、怀疑推测、责备、怀疑”等多种意义。等多种意义。第33页，此课件共45页哦表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或责备表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或责备1.should/ought to have done“过去本该做过去本该做”I really regretted wasting the hours when I should have studied hard,but it was too late.2.shouldnt/oughtnt to have done “本不该做本不该做”Im very sorry for the words I shouldnt have said to you at that moment.第34页，此课件共45页哦表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或责备表示对过去所发生事情的遗憾或责备3.could/might have done“本能够，本可以本能够，本可以”I could have got higher marks in the exam.I was too careless.4.might have done“本可能本可能”Tom,you shouldnt have played with the knife.You might have killed yourself.第35页，此课件共45页哦You _ here to tell me about it.I have known it.-Did you come to help him yesterday morning?-No.I was busy then.And I _.5.neednt have done“原本不必做的事却做了原本不必做的事却做了”Your home is not far from your school,so you neednt have left in such a hurry.6.didnt need to do/didnt have to do “没有必要做，实际也没做没有必要做，实际也没做”I didnt need to clean the windows.My sister did it.neednt have comedidnt need to第36页，此课件共45页哦1.He _ have completed his work;otherwise,he wouldnt be enjoying himself by the seaside.A.shouldB.must C.wouldntD.cant 2.He paid for a seat,when he _ have entered free.A.could B.wouldC.must D.need BA第37页，此课件共45页哦3.As you worked late yesterday,you _ have come this morning.A.maynt B.cant C.mustnt D.neednt D4.Im sorry.I _ at you the other day.Forget it.I was a bit out of control myself.A.shouldnt shout B.shouldnt have shoutedC.mustnt shoutD.mustnt have shoutedB第38页，此课件共45页哦5.Michael _ be a policeman,for hes much too short.A.neednt B.cant C.should D.mayB6.-I stayed at a hotel while in New York.-Oh,did you?You _ with Barbara.A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayedA第39页，此课件共45页哦7.My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon,so he _ your lecture.A.couldnt have attended B.neednt have attended C.mustnt have attended D.shouldnt have attendedA第40页，此课件共45页哦8.What a pity!Considering his ability and experience,he _ better.A.need have done B.must have doneC.can have done D.might have done 9.Although this _ sound like a simple task,great care is needed.A.must B.may C.shall D.should DB第41页，此课件共45页哦dare1.dare作情态动词时，后接动词原形，主要用于否定、作情态动词时，后接动词原形，主要用于否定、疑问以及条件句中，有过去式疑问以及条件句中，有过去式(dared)。1)She dare(d)not go out alone.2)How dare you say that to your mother?We must dare to think,to speak and to act.She doesnt dare(to)speak before a big audience.Does the little girl dare(to)do that by herself？flash2.dare作实义动词更常见，做实义动词后加不定式。但作实义动词更常见，做实义动词后加不定式。但是在疑问句和否定句中，不定式符号是在疑问句和否定句中，不定式符号“to”可省略。可省略。第42页，此课件共45页哦used to 1.表表“过去常常过去常常”，过去习惯或过去某一时期的状况，但，过去习惯或过去某一时期的状况，但现在已不存在。现在已不存在。He used to smoke a lot,but now he no longer smokes.2)There used to be an apple tree here.Did you use to go to the same school as Tom?=Used you to go to the same school as Tom?2)I usednt to go there.=I didnt use to go there.3)She used to be very fat,didnt she?usednt she?2.否定句、疑问句和反义疑问句中有两种形式。否定句、疑问句和反义疑问句中有两种形式。第43页，此课件共45页哦would与与used to 的区别的区别1.used to 可表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，可表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态，而而would只表示过去习惯性或重复性动作。只表示过去习惯性或重复性动作。2.used to 强调过去的行为与现在的对比，含有强调过去的行为与现在的对比，含有“过去如过去如此而现在已经不这样了此而现在已经不这样了”。would 只表示过去习惯性只表示过去习惯性动作，没有对比的含义。动作，没有对比的含义。3.used to 可用于无人称句和存在句，而可用于无人称句和存在句，而would不可不可。People used to believe the sun moves round the earth.2)He would sit in the yard listening to the radio every evening.第44页，此课件共45页哦感谢大家观看感谢大家观看第45页，此课件共45页哦
