高考英语总复习专题：虚拟语气 讲义.docx

虚拟语气假设情况 从句时态 主句时态与现在事实相反 did/were would/should/could do与将来事实相反 were to do would do 与过去事实相反 had done would have done1. 一般情况下的虚拟语气 If I were you，I would take an umbrella.如果我是你，我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你，且对现在事实的假设) If he had taken my advice，he would not have made such a mistake.如果他听我的劝告的话，就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没有听我的话，且对过去事实的假设) If he should come here tomorrow，I would talk to him. 如果他明天来这儿的话，我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小，不可能，且对将来事实的假设)2. 混合虚拟语气 现在（从句）的情况对过去（主句）的影响e.g., If I were a rich man, I would have bought the home last week. 如果我是有钱人，我上周就会买下这所房子。（事实：我现在没有钱，但是我如果有钱，我上周就会买，主语为过去的事情，从句为当下的事情） 过去的情况对现在的影响e.g., If I had studied hard in the past, I would be a college graduate now. 如果我过去努力学习，我现在就已经是大学毕业生了。（过去的事实是我不努力学习，对现在造成的影响）3. 含蓄虚拟条件句（不含If） 句子中有without, but for(要不是), or, otherwise等词隐含某种假设e.g., Without dance, the world would be boring.(=If there were no dance)如果没有舞蹈，这个世界将会很无聊。 e.g., Tom is busy, otherwise he would go to the park with you. (=If Tom were not busy) 汤姆真的很忙，否则他会和你一起去公园的。 句子中含有If it were not for 或If it had not been for 要不是 e.g., If it werent for water, no plant could grow. 要是没有水植物就无法生长4. 特殊的虚拟语气 Wish·对现在的假设：过去式（did/were）We wish he didn't smoke. 我们希望他不吸烟。·对过去的假设：过去完成时（had done）I wished I hadn't spent so much money. 但愿我没有花这么多钱。·对将来的假设：would/might/could do I wish the train would come. 我希望火车将会来。 If only要是就好了，引导感叹句用虚拟语气，与wish的用法相同e.g., How I wish I knew his name!=If only I knew his name. Would rather·Would rather sb.+ did sth.对现在/将来的假设 e.g., I'd rather you went tomorrow. ·Would rather sb. + had done sth. 对过去的假设 e.g., Id rather he hadnt told me this thing. as if/though + 从句 从句时态 ·were/did 对现在的假设 e.g., He acts as if he knew me. ·Had done 对过去的假设 e.g., He talks about Rome as if he had been there before. Its time + that + did/ were 对过去的假设e.g., It's time （that）we went to bed. It is necessary/strange/natural/important/a pity + that + (should do) 此处为虚拟语气学科网（北京）股份有限公司