高考英语一轮复习：同义词辨析讲义.docx

易混词辨析1. close 与 shut·关门,关窗,闭眼、闭嘴等用close 或shut 均可。 Shut ：can suggest more noise and is often found in phrases such as slammed shut, banged shut, snapped.可含发出较大声音之义,常见于slammed shut, banged shut, snapped shut (的一声关上) 等短语中。关上盒子,手提箱等亦常用shut。·商店、办事处等停业或不办公用close 或 shut均可e.g., What time do the banks close/ shut? 银行什么时候关门? e.g., A strike has shut the factory.工使工停业。 Close: is used in front of a noun, but shut is not.closed可用于名词前, shut则不能e.g., a closed window关着的窗户封闭、机场关闭等常用closede.g., The road is closed because of the snow.这条路因下雪而封闭。·close用于正式英语 中,表示结束会议或谈话。2. cheat, fool, deceive, betray, take in, trick cheat ：· to make sb believe sth that is not true, in order to get money or sth else from them指为得到钱财或其他东西而欺骗e.g., She is accused of attempting to cheat the taxman她被指控企图蒙骗税务员。e.g., He cheated his way into the job.他骗取了这份工作.·Cheat also means to act in a dishonest way in order to gain an advantage, especially in a game, competition or exam. * cheat指在游戏,竞赛或考试中作弊、舞弊e.g., You're not allowed to look at the answers-that's cheating.你们不许看答案,那是作弊。 fool ：to make sb believe sth that is not true, especially in order to laugh at them or to get what you want 指蒙骗、愚弄e.g., Just don't be fooled into investing any money with them.别上当受骗,同他们一起搞什么投资。 deceive： to make sb believe sth that is not true, especially sb who trusts you, in order to get what you want 尤指利用别人的信任欺骗,蒙骗,诓骗e.g., She deceived him into handing over all his savings.她把他所有的积蓄都骗走了。 betray ：to hurt sb who trusts you, especially by deceiving them or not being loyal to them指辜负别人的信任,出卖e.g., She felt betrayed when she found out the truth about him.她发现他的真实情况时,感到受了欺骗。 take sb in ：often passive to deceive sb, usually in order to get what you want指为个人目的而欺骗，常用被动e.g., I was taken in by her story.我被她的花言巧语蒙骗了。 trick ：to deceive sb, especially in a clever way, in order to ger what you want it.尤其指以巧妙的方式欺骗、欺诈3. choose, select, pick, decide, opt choose ：to decide which thing or person you want out of the ones that are available指选择,选取人或物e.g., You chooseI can't decide.你来选吧,我拿不定主意。 select：to choose sb/sth, usually carefully, from a group of people or things指仔细选择、挑选e.g., He was selected for the team.他已入选进队了. e.g., a randomly selected sample of 23 schools.随机抽选的23所学校 pick ：(rather informal) to choose sb/sth from a group of people or things选择,较正式e.g., She picked the best cake for herself.她为自己挑了一块最好的蛋糕。 decide ：to choose between two or more possibilities在两个或更多可能的情况中做出抉择、决定、选择e.g., We're still trying to decide on a venue.我们仍在设法选定 一个活动地点。 opt ：to choose to take or not to take a particular course of action指选择是否采取某种行动e.g., After graduating she opted for a career in music. 毕业后她选择了从事音乐工作。e.g., After a lot of thought, I opted against buying a motorbike.经过反复考虑,我决定不买摩托车。4. suggest 与 advise suggest： suggest ones doing sth. suggest sb. (should) do advise: advise sb. to do sth. advise sb. (should) do5. clear, obvious, apparent, evident clear：easy to see or understand and leaving no doubts指显而易见的、明白易懂的、清楚的、明确e.g., It was quite clear to me that she was lying.我十分清楚她在撒谎。 obvious ：easy to see or understand指明显的,显然易理解的e.g., It's obvious from what he said that something is wrong.根据他所说的,显然是出问题了。 apparent ：easy to see or understand指显而易见,明白易懂e.g., It was apparent from her face that she was really upset. 从面容上一眼就可以看出她确实心绪烦乱。 evident ：easy to see or understand 指清楚的,明白的,显然的e.g., The orchestra played with evident enjoyment.管弦乐队演奏得兴致勃勃。6. mark, stain, fingerprint mark：a small area of dirt or other substance on the surface of sth, especially one that spoils its appearance 污点、污迹、斑点e.g., The kids left dirty marks all over the kitchen floor.孩子们把厨房的地板弄得污迹斑斑。 stain：a dirty mark on sth that is difficult to remove, especially one made by a liquid 指污点,污迹e.g., blood stains血迹 fingerprint：a mark on a surface made by the pattern of lines on the end of a person's finger, often used by the police to identify criminals 指指纹，指印: e.g., Her fingerprints were all over the gun.支枪上布满了她的指纹。7. rate, charge, fee, rent, fine以上各词均指所收取或付出的费用。 rate：a fixed amount of money that is asked or paid for sth指所索取或付出的价格,费用e.g., a low hourly rate of pay按小时支付的低报酬 interest rates利率 charge：an amount of money that is asked for goods or services指商品或服务的要价,收费e.g., an admission charge入场费 fee：(rather formal) an amount of money that you have to pay for professional advice or services, to go to a school or college, or to join an organization指专业服务费、咨询费、学费,会费e.g., legal fees诉讼费 an annual membership fee年度会费 rent：an amount of money that you regularly have to pay for use of a building or room房屋租金ps.在美式英语中, rent可用以表示rental (租金)e.g., The weekly rent on the car was over $300,这辆汽车每周的租金是300 多美元。 fine：a sum of money that must be paid as punishment for breaking a law or rule 指罚金, 罚款e.g., a parking fine 违规停车罚款 fare：乘坐公共汽车、飞机、出租车等的费用学科网（北京）股份有限公司