一般将来时时态用法讲解(17页).doc

-一般将来时时态用法讲解-第 17 页一般将来时时态1. 一般将来时的定义一般将来时表示在现在看来即将要发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间副词tomorrow, soon或短语next year / week / month, in a few days, in the future, sometime 做状语。如：What will you do this afternoon？ 你今天下午干什么？We will have a meeting tomorrow. 我们明天要开会。He is going to study abroad（到国外） next year. 明年他要出国学习。2. 一般将来时的结构及应用(1) shall / will + 动词原形。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。特别是表示客观性的事情或在某条件下要发生的事情，只能用此结构。如：What shall we do if he doesnt come? 如果他不来，我们该怎么办？Will you be free this evening? 今天晚上有空吗？I think he will tell us the truth（真相）。 我想他会告诉我们真实情况的。(2) be going to + 动词原形。表示已经计划或安排好了的事情，也可表示有迹象表明肯定要发生的事情。如：We are going to have a meeting to discuss （讨论）the matter this evening. 今天晚上开会讨论这件事情。Look at the black clouds over there. I think it is going to rain soon. 看一看那边的乌云，我想天要下雨了。There is going to be an English evening this week. 本周要举行一个英语晚会。 (3) be +现在分词。表示即将发生的动作或存在的状态。这个句型中动词主要是瞬间动词：come, go, leave, arrive, begin, start, stop, close, open, die, join, borrow, buy等。如：Go ahead, and Im coming. 走前面一点吧，我就来。The dog is dying. 那条狗要死了。Hurry up. The shop is closing. 快点，商店就要关门了。(4) 一般现在时。表示一种严格按照计划进行的动作。比方说，上课、飞机起飞、火车离站等。如：Dont hurry. The meeting starts at a quarter past eight. 不要匆忙，回忆八点过一刻开始。The bus goes back at four thirty. 汽车四点返回。巩固练习：一、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. Li Lei tells me he _(visit)the Great Wall（长城） this weekend.2. My mother _(buy)me a pair of new trousers tomorrow.3. She says she _(leave)soon.4. We _(go) skating if it doesnt rain next Sunday.5. There _(be)an English evening next week.6.  Think over, and you _(get)a good idea.7.   _Jim _(have)a picnic next Monday?-No, he _.8.  I _(miss)you after you leave here.9.  Who _(teach)you English next year10.  He _ (be) back in three hours.11.   Look at these clouds. It _ (rain).二、改错：每处划线中有错误，在题后改正1. He will sing and dances for us tomorrow.2. Are you going to swim? -Yes, I will.3.  He will help Jim with his English every day.4.  Will her sister sings a song for me tomorrow?5.  They willnt plant trees next week.6.  Are they going to plays basketball tomorrow?7.  Will we go to visit the factory tomorrow?8.   Paul will be going to make dumplings for Emma.9.  Are the boys going to the Great Wall next month? -Yes, they will.三、句型转换：Jim is going to play football tomorrow.    Mary will clean the windows next week.否定句：_             _一般疑问句：_            _两回答：_               _特殊疑问句：_                 _四、选择题 ( )1. Are you going to _ our English team?Yes, I am.A. take part in B. joinC. took part inD. joined( )2. Xu Xia and her teammates are _ the USA next week.A. leaving forB. leave forC. leaveD. left( )3. There _ an English party in our class next week.A. is going to have B. is going to beC. will haveD. Have( ) 4. If it _ tomorrow, we will go to the park. A. isnt rainB. dont rainC. doesnt rainD. wont rain( )5. There _ a football match next week. Shall we go and watch it?A. will haveB. hasC. haveD. will be “Would you mind doing”句型透视 mind用作动词时，习惯后接动名词（短语）作宾语，而不接动词不定式，常用于Would you mind doing？句型中，具体用法是：1. “Would you mind doing？”句型常用于表示请求，意思是“请你做你是否介意？、请你做好吗？”，是一种比较客气的表达方式。如：Would you mind turning off the light in the room？请你把房间里的灯关掉好吗？如果要表示“请你不要做你是否介意？、请你不要做好吗？”，只需要在doing前面加上not.如：Would you mind not standing in front of me？请你不要站在我的前面好吗？2. 如果同意，表示不介意时，可用如下用语来表达：Certainly/Of course not./Not at all./No， not at all； 如果不同意，表示介意时，常用“Sorry/Im sorry.”（对不起）及陈述某种理由来表示拒绝或反对。如：Would you mind going to the movies this evening？今晚去看电影好吗？Im sorry. But I havent finished my homework yet.对不起，我的作业还没有完成。学习时还要注意：1.“Would you mind doing？”句型中的would也可用do代替，但语气较生硬，不如用would客气。2.“Would you mind doing？”句型中的逻辑主语只能是谈话的对方you.如果想要对方允许自己做某事，可用“Would you mind my doing？”句型，如：Would you mind my smoking here？你介意我在这里吸烟吗？巩固练习：一、用下面提供的短语完成句子。1. help me wash my clothesWould you mind _？2. give her a cup of teaWould you mind _？3. help him mend his carDo you have _？4. walk on the roadWould you mind _ on the road？二、选择题( )1. Would you mind _ us in the game?Not at all. A. joiningB. joinC. join in D. joining in( )2. Would you like to climb mountains with me this Sunday?Id love to. But I _ play table tennis against Class Three. A. am goingB. am going to C. amD. going to( )3. Would you mind _here?Im sorry about that. Ill go somewhere else. A. no smokingB. not smokingC. no smokeD. not smoke 1. had better 的基本用法特点其意为“最好”、“应该”，后接动词原形，与情态动词should用法相似，其中的had通常缩略为 d：Youd better get some sleep你最好去睡一会儿。We  go before it rains.   我们最好在下雨前就去。 2. had better 如何构成否定式和疑问式构成否定式时，通常将not置于had better之后(而不是had之后)；而构成疑问式时，则通常将had(而不是had better)置于主语之前：Id better not disturb him我最好别去打扰他。What had we better do? 我们最好怎么办?练习题( )1. Im afraid you have a cold. Youd better go to see a doctor. _A. No, I have no time. B. Thats a good idea. C. Its very kind of you. D. Im sorry to hear that. ( )2. Im fat. What should I do?Youd better eat _ meat and _ fruits. A. less; moreB. less; lessC. more; lessD. more; more( )3. You had better ask your brother _ playing computer games. Its bad for him. A. to give upB. not to give upC. to give it upD. not give it up( )4. I have a stomachache. What should I do?You _ drink sweet water and _ eat sweet food. A. had better not; shouldntB. should; had betterC. had better; had betterD. shouldnt; should( )5. I have a toothache. You should _. A. drink lots of waterB. take a restC. see a dentistD. have a good sleep情态动词的基本用法归纳情态动词有can (could), may (might), must, have to, shall (should, will (would), need (needed), ought to等。 情态动词无人称和数的变化；不能单独使用，必须与其后的动词原形构成谓语。一、 can, could1. 表示能力（体力、知识、技能）。Can you lift this heavy box?（体力）Mary can speak three languages.（知识）Can you skate?（技能）2.表示请求和允许。-Can I go now?- Yes, you can. / No, you cant.此时可与may互换。在疑问句中还可用could,might代替，不是过去式，只是语气更委婉，不能用于肯定句和答语中。- Could I come to see you tomorrow?- Yes, you can. ( No, Im afraid not. )3.表示客观可能性（客观原因形成的能力）。Theyve changed the timetable, so we can go by bus instead.This hall can hold 500 people at least.4.表示推测（惊讶、怀疑、不相信的态度），用于疑问句、否定句和感叹句中。Can this be true?This cant be done by him.How can this be true?二、 may, might1. 表示请求和允许。might比 may语气更委婉，而不是过去式。否定回答时可用cant或mustnt，表示“不可以，禁止”。-Might/ May I smoke in this room?- No, you mustnt.- May/Might I take this book out of the room?- Yes, you can. (No, you cant / mustnt. )用May I.？征徇对方许可时比较正式和客气，而用Can I.？在口语中更常见。2.用于祈使句，表示祝愿。May you succeed!3. 表示推测、可能性（不用于疑问句）。might不是过去式，它所表示的可能性比may小。1He may /might be very busy now.2Your mother may /might not know the truth.三、 must, have to1. 表示必须、必要。You must come in time.在回答引出的问句时，如果是否定的，不能用mustnt（禁止，不准），而用neednt, dont have to（不必）.- Must we hand in our exercise books today?- Yes, you must.- No, you dont have to / you neednt.2. must是说话人的主观看法， 而have to则强调客观需要。must只有一般现在时， have to 有更多的时态形式。1） he play isnt interesting, I really must go now.2） I had to work when I was your age.3.表示推测、可能性（只用于肯定的陈述句）1） Youre Toms good friend, so you must know what he likes best.2） Your mother must be waiting for you now.四、need1.need 作情态动词用时, 常用于疑问句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。1）You neednt come so early.2） - Need I finish the work today?- Yes, you must. / No, you neednt.2. need作实义动词用时， 有人称、时态和数的变化。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。He needs to finish his homework today.五、 shall, should1.shall 用于第一人称，征求对方的意见。What shall we do this evening?2.shall 用于第二、三人称，表示说话人给对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁。1）.You shall fail if you dont work hard.(警告)2）He shall have the book when I finish it.(允诺)3）He shall be punished.(威胁)六、 will, would1.表示请求、建议等，would更委婉。Will / Would you pass me the ball, please?2.表示意志、愿望和决心。1）. I will never do that again.2.） They asked him if he would go abroad.3. would表示过去反复发生的动作或某种倾向。would表示过去习惯时比used to正式，且没有“现已无此习惯”的含义。1）. During the vacation, he would visit me every other day.2）. The wound would not heal.七、 should1.should表示“应该”1）. I should help her because she is in trouble.2.表示推测should , (客观推测), must(主观推测)。1）.He must be home by now. (断定他已到家)2）He ought to/should be home by now.(不太肯定)3） This is where the oil must be.(直爽)4）This is where the oil ought to/should be.(含蓄)练习题( )1. May I ask you some questions, Dr. Wang?_A. Youre welcome. B. Sure, go ahead. C. No, Im busy. D. Yes, you must. ( )2. Must I take part in the activity?No, you _. Youre too young. You should look after yourself. A. mustntB. dontC. cantD. dont have to( )3. May I watch TV, Mom?Im afraid you _. A. should notB. cantC. must notD. may not( )4. Must we keep the window _ all the time?No, you dont have to. A. openingB. openedC. to openD. open( )5. Must I take the medicine every day?No, you _. A. mustB. mustntC. needntD. cant( )6. My mother is ill. I _ stay at home to take care of her. A. canB. mayC. have toD. maybe( )7. May I use your dictionary, Lily?Sure, _. A. go aheadB. you can ask BillC. you cantD. thats all right反身代词用法归纳一、反身代词的基本形式反身代词是 oneself根据所指词的人称、性别、单复数等的变化可以有 myself, himself, herself, yourself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 等形式。二、oneself与himself当one指人时，其相应的反身代词通常用oneself, 在美国英语中也可用himself：One should not praise oneself himself. 一个人不应该自吹自擂。三、反身代词的句法功能：1. 用作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气，紧放在被修饰名词后, 或句末：The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。Martin himself attended the sick man. 马丁亲自照顾病人。2. 用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)：Take good care of yourself. 照顾好自己。She could not make herself understood. 她不能使别人听懂她的话。The child cried himself to sleep. 孩子哭着哭着睡着了。3. 用作表语The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己。代词列表人称代词主格人称代词宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词反身代词     I      me     my     mine   myself     we      us     our     ours   ourselves     you      you     your     yours   yourself   yourselves     she      her     her     hers   herself     he      him     his     his   himself     it      it     its     its   itself     they      them     their     theirs   themselves主格做主语宾格做宾语放在动词介词后放在名词前不可单独用替代形代+名词不可与名词连用by后接反身代词 ( )1. He plays basketball so well! Who taught _?He learnt it by _. A. him; him B. himself; himself C. him; himself D. himself; him要求四会的单词名词体育运动team match football tennis baseballskating rowing cycling basketball soccer 人物或称谓类person player musician scientist pilotpoliceman policewoman postman fisherman hero grandfather grandmother grandparents物品类basket cup paper gold record brush ring处所类grass theatre/theater museum factory 身体健康类body health toothache headache fever cough stomachache illness medicine heart食品饮料类coffee tea candy fruit sugar tomato+es potato+es salt watermelon sandwich strawberry beef biscuit meal 时间类age century weekend文化信息类information website Internet dictionaryknowledge message passage culture其他shower fact care advice(a piece of advice) news pityarticle smoke risk question habit world war introduction note smile peace south middle taxi answer litter voice score line phone example skill point chance suggestion mind side dream future friendship jump part 形容词或副词 weakstrong least most popularunpopular healthy =fitill fat thin dirtyclean useful useless darkbright hungry full deadalive cheap expensive=dear true false correct wrong possible impossible quite excited /exciting tired/tiringcertainly badly really finally even famous mad angry main successful enough terrible serious still funny active modern necessary 动词：win cheer row join skate cycle dream grow spend jump relax leave kick pass throw fight enjoy/practice/ finish/ mind +doing sth. advise kill invent become follow hold score point hit hear ring stand feel break record suggest lift boil brush lie cry care check worry cause smoke taste force risk build happen 介词against through without off except 词组荟萃名词词组table tennis the day after tomorrow day and night ice cream potato chips first aid relay race 动词词组cheer.on grow up be good