中考英语名词专项练习(11页).doc

-一、二、三、 中考英语名词专项练习-第 11 页四、 教学目标：名词用法五、 教学内容：中考名词考点总结及练习一、名词介绍1.名词分类 专有名词：表示人、地方、事物、机构和组织名称。 Lucy, China, the Great Wall 普通名词： A.可数：个体 dictionary,pencil,chair,window,table,book,bike,ball 集体名词 family,police,class,group,team B.不可数：物质，物质名词表示构成各种物体的物质或材料，rice,glass,porridge, paper,air,wood,wheat,steel 抽象，表示状态、品质、行为和感情等抽象概念 Knowledge, danger,health, life, homework2.名词变复数情况构成方法读音例词一般情况加 -s清辅音后读/s/map-maps浊辅音和元音后读 /z/bag-bags /car-cars以s, sh, ch, x等结尾加 -es读 /iz/bus-buses/ watch-watches以ce, se, ze,等结尾加 -s读 /iz/license-licenses以辅音字母+y结尾y i再加es读 /z/baby-babies一般：加-s, cakes, days,students,beds以-s,-x,-sh,-ch结尾名词，加-es, buses, boxes, watches以辅音字母加-y结尾，变y为i,加-es, baby-babies, city-cities, country-countries以元音字母加y结尾，加-s, toy-toys,monkey-monkeys以f(fe)结尾，变f(fe)为ves, leaf-leaves, wolf-wolves, life-lives以ce,se,ze,(d)ge结尾， 加-s, face-faces, orange-oranges不规则变化：改变单数名词中的元音字母，man-men woman-women, foot-feet, tooth-teeth单复数形式相同，fish-fish, sheep-sheep,deer-deer, Chinese-Chinese其他其他形式，mouse-mice国别：国籍总称（谓语用复数）单数复数中国人the Chinesea Chinese two Chinese瑞士人the Swissa Swisstwo Swiss澳大利亚人the Australians an Australiantwo Australians俄国人the Russiansa Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italiansan Italiantwo Italians希腊人the Greeka Greektwo Greeks法国人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人the Japanesea Japanesetwo Japanese美国人the Americansan Americantwo Americans印度人the Indiansan Indiantwo Indians加拿大人the Canadiansa Canadiantwo Canadians德国人the Germansa Germanstwo Germans英国人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes以o结尾名词，加es, negro, hero, tomato,potato名词作定语变复数：1)     用复数作定语。例如：sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系2） man, woman, gentleman等作定语时，其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。例如： men workerswomen teachersgentlemen officials3） 有些原有s结尾的名词，作定语时，s保留。例如： goods train （货车） arms produce武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷4） 数词+名词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。例如：two-dozen eggs两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路two-hundred trees 两百棵树 a five-year plan.一个五年计划3.不可数名词的数：数词或冠词+量词+of+不可数名词，量词可单复数，但of 后的名词只用原形，如a piece of paper, a drop of water, two cups of tea4.名词所有格：s和of 形式。s 形式表示有生命的东西，of所有格用来表示无生命的东西 my brothers book the windows of the room两个并列单数名词表示两者共有时，在最后一个名词后加s This is Mary and her sisters bedroom. Lily and Lucys mother is a nurse.如果表示两者分别有，那么两个词都要加s These are Toms and Marys bags.如果以s结尾名词，其后加,其他形式加sTeachers Day Childrens Day店铺、医院名称加s, at the doctorssomeone,everybody,no one和else, 在else后加s, 如 somebody elses pencil表示时间，距离，国家，城市等无生命的东西的名词，可以在词尾加s 或来构成所有格。A. 用于时间An hours rideB. 用于度量Thirteen tons weightC.用于价值A hundred yuans orderD. 用于天体The earths satelliteE. 用于国家Belgiums capitalF. 用于城市The Urals industry5. 双重所有格：of+名词所有格，of+名词性物主代词表示部分概念，of短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数量的限定词，如：a，an，one，two，some，several，a few，many，any，no等。This is a picture of mine.这是我的一张照片。双重所有格与of所有格的不同。如：He is a friend of your father's.他是你父亲的一个朋友。（强调你父亲的朋友不止一个）He is a friend of your father.他是你父亲的朋友。（强调他对你父亲的友好）6.名词转化 某些名词后加y变形容词，表示“充满的”，cloud-cloudy, sun-sunny 某些名词后加ful变形容词，表示“性质的”，use-useful, care-careful 部分表示人的名词后加ly变形容词，具有赞美意味。Friend-friendly, lovely 某些名词后加less表示没有，careless, useless二、名词用法作主语，English is useful.做定语，paper tigers, work places做宾语，She learns Chinese hard every day.做表语，Tom is my good friend.做宾语补足语， They chose the boy monitor.三、既是可数又是不可数名词的意义不同:Work工作-a work著作，glass玻璃-a glass玻璃杯，paper纸-a paper报纸，文件，试卷Tea茶-a tea一种茶，wood木头-a wood小树林，room空间-a room空间非复数：physics, maths, politics, news表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glasses （眼镜）trousers,clothes等，若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair（对，双）;suit（套）; a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。当物质名词表示该物质的种类时，可数。例如：This factory produces steel.（不可数）We need various steels.（可数）当物质名词表示份数时，可数。例如：Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。 The girl was washing greens. Our returns are not as good as before. Please hand in your papers at once. Mary lost her good looks when she was old.四、名词动词化1. Dont brother me.2. Dont sir me!3. The dog nosed the door open.4. He mouthed down a piece of cake.三、课堂练习：填空：Japanese_, Frenchman_, American_, Egyptian_German_, Australian_, potato_, tomato_photo_, piano_, kangaroo_, bamboo_woman driver_, apple tree_2.把下列名词变为形容词wind_有风的，rain_有雨的，dirt_脏的，health_健康的，help_有帮助的，joy_十分喜悦的，brother_兄弟般的hope_没希望的，fear_无畏的单选：1. Hi，Tom. Could you help me cut up the meat for dumplings? -Ok, Mom. But where is the_? A. knife B. fork C. spoon D. chopsticks2. I was not at home when the_brought the package, so Ill have to get it myself at the post office. A. bus driver B. mail carrier C. police officer D. shopkeeper3. Why not go to the Great Wall this Saturday?Im afraid its not a good_. Many of us have been there. A. place B. day C. plan D. idea4. When we saw Liu Xiangs face, we knew_was bad. A. some news B. a news C. the news D. news5. A group of_will visit the museum tomorrow. A. Hungarian B. Autralian C. Japanese D. American6. I wonder why_are interested in action films. A.people B.peoples C. the people D. the peoples7.Lets meet at 7:30 outside the gate of_. A. the Peoples Park B. the Peoples Park C. the People Park D. Peoples Park8. The farmer raised ten_. A. sheeps B.deers C. horse D. cows9. They got much_from those new books. A. ideas B. photos C. information D.stories10. What would you like to drink, girls? -_, please. A. Two cup of coffee B. Two cups of coffees C. Two cups of coffee D. Two cup of coffees11. Today is September 10th. Its_Day. Lets go and buy some flowers for our teacher. A. Teachers B. Teachers C. the teachers D. Teachers12. There are about 50_in our school. A. women doctors B. women teachers C. woman teachers D. woman workers13. My mother bought me_last Saturday. A.two trousers B. two pair of trousers C. two pairs of trousers D. two pairs trousers14. I want to have a _with you about the problem. Sure. A. fun B. word C. play D.rest15. _is nice and clean. A. The air today B. The today air C. The air of today D. The air阅读与填空：two noisy grow rain be peacegood follow art someone close oneWhat's the real meaning of the word "peace" ? The 1 story may tell us something about it.There was once a king who offered an award to an artist who could paint the 2 picture of peace. Many 3 tried. The king looked at all the pictures.But there were only two he really liked and he had to choose between them.One picture was a calm lake. The lake was a perfect thing for peace because of the high mountains around it. Overhead was a blue sky with white clouds. 4 who saw this picture thought that it was a perfect picture of peace.The other picture had mountains too. But they were rugged (高低不平的). Above was the dark sky, from which heavy rain fell. A waterfall was rushing down the side of the mountain. This did not look 5 at all. But when the king looked 6 , he found behind the waterfall a very small bush 7 in the midst 在.中 ) of the waterfall and a mother bird sitting on her nest (鸟窝) in perfect peace.The king gave the award to the artist who painted the 8 picture. Why? "Because," explained the king, "peace does not mean 9 in a place where there is no 10 , no trouble or hard work. Peace means in the midst of all those things, you're still calm in your heart. That's the real meaning of peace. " 阅读：In 1620, about half the USA was covered by forestsToday the forests have almost goneA lot of good land has gone with them, leaving only sand China doesn't want to copy the USA's exampleWe're planting more and more treesWe've built the " Great Green Wall" of trees across northern part of our country. The Great Green Wall is 7,000 kilometres long, and between 400 and 1,700 kilometres wide. It will stop the wind from blowing the earth away. It will stop the sand from moving towards the rich farmland in the south More "Great Green Walls" are needed. Trees must be grown all over the world. Great Green Walls will make the world better根据短文内容，选择正确答案。1In 1620, about _ the USA was covered by forests Aa third Bhalf Ctwo thirds Da fourth2A lot of good land has gone with _ Asand Bwater Cwind Dforests3The Great Green Wall in China is _ long A7,000 kilometers B1,700 kilometers C7,000 meters D400 kilometers4Trees must be grown in _. AChina Bthe USA Csome countries Devery part of the world5_ will make the world better AThe Great Wall BTall buildings CGreat Green Walls DFlowers and grass四、课后练习1.He was eager to make some extra money, since during these years he could hardly live on his_. A. little wage B. few wage C. wage D. wages2.Most of the houses in the village were burnt to _ during the war.A.an ash B. the ash C. ash D. ashes3.The students at colleges or universities are making _ for the coming New Year.A. many preparations B. much preparation C. preparations D. preparation4.Paiting in _ is one of their spare-time activities.A. oil B. an oil C. oils D. the oil5.In the view of the foreign experts, there wasnt _ oil here.A. much B. lots of C. a great deal of D. many6.The large houses are being painted, but _.A.of great expense B. at a great expense C. in a lot of expenses D. by high expense7.The room was small and contained far too _.A.much new furniture C. much new furnituresB.many new furniture D. many new furnitures8.Jim was late for two classes this morning. He said that he forgot both of the _.A. rooms number B. room number C. rooms numbers D. room numbers9.Computers can do _work in a short time, but a man can not do _by himself. A great manymany C. mucha great deal B.great deal ofmuch D. manya great many10.She didnt know _ he had been given.A. how many information C. how many informationsB. the number of information D. how much information11.He invited all of his _ to join his wedding party.A. comrade-in-arms C. comrades-in-armB. comrades-in-arms D. comrade-in-arm12.All the _ in the hospital got a rise last month.A. women doctors C. woman doctorsB. women doctor D. woman doctor13.After ten years, all these youngsters became_.A. growns-ups C. growns-upB. grown-up D. grown-ups14.The police investigated those _ about the accident.A.  stander-by C. standers-byB.  stander-bys D. standers-bys15.The Nazi kept those _ in their concentration camp.A.prisoner-of-wars C. prisoners-of-warB.prisoners-of-wars D. prisoner-of-war16.The manager was greatly appreciate that _ made by Linda lately.A. new reel B. news reel C. new-reels D. news reels17.Marys dress is similar in appearance to her _. A. elder sister B. elder sisters C. elder sisters D. elder sisters dress18.All the people at the conference are _. A. mathematic teachers C. mathematics teacherB.mathematics teachers D. mathematics teachers19.Professor Mackay told us that _ of lead are its softness and its resistance.A. some property C. propertiesB. some properties D. property20.Physics _ with matter and motion.A. deal B. deals C. dealing D. are答案课堂练习：变复数 1.Japanese 2. Frenchmen 3. Americans 4. Egyptians 5. Germans 6. Australians 7.potatoes 8.tomatoes 9.photos 10.pianos 11.kangaroo 12.bamboos 13.women drivers 14. apple trees变形容词：1.windy 2. rainy 3.dirty 4.healthy 5.helpful 6. joyful 7. brotherly 8. hopeful 9. fearless单选：1.A 2.B 3.D 4.C 5.C 6.A 7.A 8.D 9.C 10.C 11.B 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.A阅读填空：1. following 2.best 3.Anyone/Everyone 4.peaceful 5.closely 6. closely 7.growing 8.second 9.to be 10. noise课后练习：1.D 2.D 3.C 4.C 5.A 6.C 7.A 8.D 9.C 10. D 11.C 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.B 16.B 17.B 18.B 19.C 20.B