专题08 定语从句-2022年高考英语语法易错点快速突破（含答案解析）.docx

专题08定语从句W- r一真题感悟（ 2021 安徽卷）The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2021.A. WhenB. whereC. whyD. which【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是the exact year,后面的定语从句Angela and her family spent together in China中动词spent后面缺少宾语，所以使用关系代词which引导这个定语从句，并在句中 做宾语。Where的先行词通常是指地点的名词，关系副词when的先行词通常是表示时间的名词，why的先 行词是the reason。ABC三项通常在句中做状语。Which在定语从句里做主语，宾语或者表语。句义：Angela 和他的家人一起在中国度假确切是在2021年。故D正确。1. （2021 北京卷）1 borrow the book Sherlock Holmes from the library last week,my classmates recommended to me.A. WhoB. whichC. whereD. when【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。本题考查非限制性定语从句，先行词是the book Sherlock Holmes,在定语从句 中which指代先行词作为定语从句中的动词recommend的宾语。CD两项是关系副词，不能在句中做宾语， 只能做状语。A项who的先行词通常都是指人的名词。句意：上个星期我从图书馆里借了 “福尔摩斯诡异”， 这是我的同学推荐给我的。故B正确。2. （2021 福建卷）Students should involve themselves in community activities they can gainexperience for growth.A. WhoB. when C. whichD. where【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词是community activities,后面的定语从句主谓宾句子结 构很完整，所以使用关系副词来引导这个定语从句，where在句中相当于in which,充当状语。句意：学生(August 17, Beijing) China has granted(批准)its first COVID-19 vaccine patent for an experimental vaccine join developed by Chen Wei of the Academy of Military Medical Sciences and Chinese biotech company CanSino Biologics.The patent 1(submit) for application on March 18,2020 and was approved on August 11,2020.The vaccine 2(use) weakened common cold virus to introduce genetic material from the novel coronavirus into the human body. The goal is 3(train)the body to produce antibodies(抗体)that recognizethe coronavinus spike protein(蛋白质)_4_fight it off.The phase-two clinical trial of the vaccine has found it is safe and can induce 5 immune response.The phase- three clinical trial,6will include more participants and be conducted overseas, is 7( current) in the pipeline.However,many 8(press) questions regarding the vaccine candidate remain, such as the longevity of theprotection, the appropriate dosage(剂量)to generate strong immune9(respond), and whether there are host- specific differences.These questions 10(explore) in the larger scale phase-three trials.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8910.1 .【答案】was submitted【解析】考查时态、语态及主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处为句子的谓语;由时间状语“on March 182020” 可知，此处应用过去时;主语The patent是单数形式，与submit是动宾关系。所以用一般过去时的被动语态。 故填 was submitted o.【答案】uses【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。分析句子可知，空处在句中作谓语;此处讲述的是客观事实,应用一般现在 时，且主语The vaccine为单数形式。故填uses。2 .【答案】to train【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知，空处作表语，表示主语的职责或性质，应用动词不定式。故填to train.【答案】and【解析】考查连词。分析句子可知jecognize the coronavirus spike protein（蛋白质）和fight it off是并列关系。 recognize和fight并列，作that引导的定语从句的谓语。故填and。3 .【答案】an【解析】考查冠词。response为可数名词.此处泛指“免疫反应”且immune是以元音音素开头的单词，应 用不定冠词。故填an。4 .【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句,且在从句中作主语。先行词The phase- three clinical trial指物，故用which引导该从句。5 .【答案】currently【解析】考查词性转换。空处修饰be动词is,作状语，应用副词形式。故填currentlyo.【答案】pressing【解析】考查词性转换。空处修饰名词questions,作定语，应用形容词形式。pressing意为“迫切的，紧急的”。6 .【答案】response【解析】考查名词。strongimmune9作动词generate的宾语，空前有形容词strong,所以此处应用名词形式。 由上文的5 immune response也可得出答案.【答案will be explored【解析】时态和语态。These questions指的是上一段提出的问题:the longevity of the protection, the appropriate dosage（剂量）。这些问题需要在接下来更大规模的试验中探索，所以应用将来时。且questions 与explore是动宾关系，所以用被动语态。故填will be exploredoB体裁：记叙文体裁：记叙文主题语境：学校生活There was a time I was tired of learning English and disliked to speak English.And this was 2 my father forced me to join in a 30-day training in an English club before I went to senior high school.When I first came to the club, 3 I met many strangers, I missed my parents very much.So I packed up my things and wanted to go home.Fortunately, my guide, 4 teacher was Yu Minhong, communicated with me face-to-face, from 5 I gained some useful instructions.He also showed me a good partner, and we got along well with each other.Gradually I adapted to the life there.Every day I would like to talk to other teenagers and set down a series of activities 6 we did.I should be grateful to my father and the guide, 7 encouraged me to fall in love with English.Now I feel it interesting B I put my entire energy into learning English. Every day I read my words and passages aloud.In class I join in English discussions.Before I go to sleep, I recall the passages, through 9 I can memorize a large number of new words. IQ our English teacher says, “As long as you form the habit of learning English every day and have perseverance, you will conquer English sooner or later.”2.3.4.5.6.7.8910.1 .【答案】when【解析】本题考查定语从句关系副词用法。句意：有一段时间，我讨厌学英语并且不喜欢说英语。There was a time when"有一段时间故填when.2 .【答案】why【解析】本题考查表语语从句用法。This is/was why”这就是的原因"。故填why.3 .【答案】where【解析】本题考查定语从句关系副词用法。先行词是theclub,关系词在从句中作地点状语，故填where.4 .【答案】whose【解析】本题考查定语从句关系代词用法。先行词为my guide,代入定语从句后为：My guide*s teacher was Yu Minhong.由此可见，先行词与teacher之间是所属关系，故填whose.5 .【答案】which【解析】本题考查定语从句介词+关系代词用法。先行词为"my guide communicated with me face-to-face”； 先行词在定语从句中作from的宾语，且介词from提前，故填which.6 .【答案】that/which/不填【解析】本题考查定语从句关系代词用法。先行词是activities,且先行词在定语从句中作宾语，故填关系 代词 that/which.7 .【答案】who【解析】本题考查定语从句关系代词用法。先行词为my father and the guide,关系词在定语从句中作主语, 且指“人”，故填who.8 .【答案】that【解析】本题考查宾语从句用法。句意：现在我觉得我把我的全部精力都花在学习英语上很有趣。在句 式feel it interesting that中，代词it指代that从句，充当宾语，是形式宾语，that为句中真正的宾语，是宾 语从句。并且that在宾语从句在不作任何成分。故填that.9 .【答案】which【解析】本题考查定语从句介词+关系代词用法。每天入睡前我总是回忆所学的文章，通过这种方法，我 能记住大量的英语生词。先行词为I recall the passages,关系词在定语从句中作介词through的宾语，且介 词已被提前，故填which.10 .【答案】As【解析】本题考查非限制性定语从句的用法。句意：正如我们英语老师所说的：“只要你们养成每天学英 语的习惯并且坚持不懈，你们迟早会征服英语。'非限制性定语从句置于句首，指代引号内直接引语的内 容，故填As.体裁：记叙文主题语境:人与社会云南之旅2Simon Wakefield travelled round Yunnan after leaving university. While in Yunnan, he was astonished by how1(vary)the landscape is. Down in the south , it's very tropical, but in the northwest, Lijiang, a half new and half old town the side of a mountain, its peak 2(cover) with snow. Seen from above, the old town is a mazein 3 the tourists get lost.He went to the village where the Naxi ethnic group live. He found that it is the women 4 run Naxisociety. They: the custom of playing cards in the middle of the street. He also found the Naxi language is the only hieroglyphic language still 5 use and that the Naxi culture is 6(particular) famous for its music.Passed from father to son, the music hasn't changed for centuries. He went to watch 7 performance in an oldwooden hall, which 8(play) by Naxi men,some of whom looked as if they were well over 100 years old.At last he understood that it is the 9(diverse) that makes Yunnan attractive. However different peoplemay appear 10(be) at first, we are all the same, all equal.1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8910.1 .【答案】varied/various【解析】考查词性转换。此处为“how+形容词+主+谓”形式的感叹句。根据“Down inwith snow 可知，此处需要填形容词varied或various(表示“多姿多彩 的” )o.【答案】covered【解析】考查非谓语动词。两个分句之间无连词，因此此处为独立主格结构。its peak与cover构成逻辑上 的动宾关系,故用过去分词表被动。故填covered.2 .【答案】which【解析】考查定语从句。此处为“介词+关系代词”结构引导的定语从句，从句修饰先行词mazeo关系代 词作介词in的宾语，指物，用关系代词whicho.【答案】who/that【解析】考查强调句。分析句子可知，此处是强调句型“itis+被强调部分+that/who”。本句强调的是the women o 故填 who/that.3 .【答案】in【解析】考查介词。in use意为“正在使用中，句意:纳西语是唯一仍在使用的象形文字。4 .【答案】particularly【解析】考查词性转换。空处修饰形容词famous,作状语，应用副词形式。故填particularly.5 .【答案】a【解析】考查冠词。此处泛指“一场表演”，应用不定冠词，且performance是以辅音音素开头的单词。故 填a。6 .答案】was played【解析】考查时态、语态及主谓一致。which引导的定语从句修饰先行词performance,空处在从句中作主 语;主语与谓语动词构成动宾关系油上文的went可知，此处应用一般过去时;从句中谓语动词的数与先行词 performance要保持一致，应用单数。故填was played.7 .【答案】diversity【解析】考查词性转换。分析句子可知，此处是强调句型“itis+被强调部分+that.。本句强调的是主语the9 (diverse),所以空处应用名词形式。故填diversity.8 .【答案】to be【解析】考查非谓语动词。appear此处表示“似乎;显得“，接形容词或不定式。故填to be。句意:不管人 们一开始看起来有多么不同，我们都是一样的,都是平等的。应该参与社区活动，在社区活动里他们能够获得成长的经验。AC是关系代词，不能在句中做状语。When 的先行词通常是表示时间的名词。故D正确。4. （2021 江苏卷）The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work agood impression is a must.A. WhichB. when C. asD. where【答案】D【解析】考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词是work,后面的定语从句a good impression is a must的句子 结构很完整，所以使用关系副词在句中做状语，同时也引导起这个定语从句。句意：在日常交流中这本书 帮助了很多，尤其是在需要有良好印象的工作之中。AC两项都是关系代词在句中不能做状语，when的先行 词通常都是指时间的名词。故D正确。5. （2021 湖南卷）I am looking forward to the day my daughter can read this book and know myfeelings for her.A. asB. why C. whenD. where【答案】c【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是the day,后面的定语从句结构非常完整，所以使用关系副词when在句中 做时间状语，同时引导起这个定语从句。句意：我一直都在期待着我的女儿能够阅读并理解我对她的感情 的那一天。故C正确。6.12020 江苏卷】 Many lessons are now available online, from students can choose for free.A. whose B. which C. when D. whom【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：许多课程现在都可以在网上找到，学生们可以从中免费选择。此处是非限 定性定语从句，先行词是many lessons,关系词在从句中做介词from的宾语，应使用关系代词which引导。 故选Bo2020 天津卷】 Dr. Rowan, secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.A. Whose B. of whom C. of which D. which【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。句意：罗文博士的秘书两周前辞职了，他现在只能自己打字。secretary resigned two weeks ago是非限制性定语从句，修饰Dr. Rowan,引导词在从句中作定语，表示“Dr. Rowan' s"，表示“的”，应用关系代词whose引导该从句，故选A。7. 12020 新课标ID卷】In ancient China lived an artist paintings were almost lifelike.【答案】whose【解析】考查定语从句。句意：中国古代有一位画家，他的画几乎栩栩如生。此处为定语从句修饰先行词 artist,且先行词在从句中作定语，故应用关系代词whose。故填whose。8. 【2019 江苏卷】 We have entered into an age dreams have the best chance of coming true.A. Which B. what C. when D. that【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。句意：我们已经进入到了一个时代，在这个时代梦想实现的机会最大。句中先行 词为an age （一个时代），且先行词在从句中做时间状语，所以关系词用when。故选C。10. 2019 天津卷Their child is at the stage she can say individual words but not full sentences.A. Why B. whereC. whichD. what【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：他们的孩子正处于能说单个单词而不能说完整句子的阶段。句中she can say individual words but not full sentences是一个定语从句，先行词是the stage,关系词在定语从句中作地点状语, 用关系副词where,故选B。11. 【2019 新课标 I 卷】One afternoon where I was in primary school,I was walking by the school playground.【答案】when【解析】考查定语从句。先行词one afternoon表示时间在定语从句中作状语，所以关系词使用when。故将 where 改为 when。12. 【2019 新课标 II 卷】Now Irene Astbury works from 9am to 5pm daily at the pet shop in Macclesfield, she opened with her late husband Les.【答案】which【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。分析句子结构可知，先行词为the pet shop,在非限制性定语从句中作 opened 一词的宾语，故用which。13. 2019 新课标 III 卷】They were well trained by their masters had great experience with caring for these animals.【答案】who【解析】考查定语从句。句意：它们被他们的主人训练地很好，它们的主人在照顾这些动物方面很有经验。先行词为masters （主人），且从句缺主语。故关系词填who。14. 2019 新课标 III 卷】In the cafe, customers will enjoy themselves in the historical environment what is created for them.【答案】that/which【解析】本句考查定语从句。先行词environment在从句中做主语，指物，关系代词用that/which故把 what 改为 that/whicho12019 浙江卷】On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth gives off light in the dark.【答案】that/which【解析】考查定语从句。这是个限制性定语从句，先行词是cloth,指物，从句中缺少主语，因此，可以用 that 或 which 弓I导。故填 that/whicho二实战模拟. What students do at college seems to matter much more than they go.【答案】where【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：学生在大学里做什么似乎比去哪里（哪所大学）更重要。这里表达去哪所 大学，表示地点，作状语。故用where。1 .The students benefiting most from college are those are totally engaged （参与）in academic life.【答案】who/that【解析】考查定语从句。句意：从大学中获益最多的学生是那些完全投入学术生活的学生。 are totally engaged （参与）in academic life.是定语从句，修饰先行词those,空格处在句中作主语，代指人，故填who或 thato.She and her family bicycle to work, helps them keep fit.A. which B. who C. as D. that【答案】A【解析】考查非限制性定语从句。句意：她和家人骑自行车去上班，这有助于她们保持健康。“helpsthem keep fit”是非限制性定语从句，该从句修饰整个主句，引导词在从句中做主语，故该从句应用关系代 词which引导。A选项正确。点睛：非限制性定语从句即可修饰主句的一部分，也可以修饰整个主句。其引导词的选择和限制性定语从 句的判断规则一致，即：第一、找准先行词；第二、看先行词在定语从句中所作的成分。需要注意的是，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。4. Kae, sister I shared a room with when we were at college, has gone to work in Australia.A. whom B. that C. whose D. her【答案】c【解析】考查定语从句关系词。句意：凯特已经去澳大利亚工作了。我们在大学的时候，我和她的姐姐共 住一室。分析句子，句中先行词为Kate,在非限定性定语从句中作名词sister的定语，故用关系代词whose。 故选Co点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：L找准先行词； 2.看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。5.Self-driving is an area China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.A. that B. where C. which D. when【答案】B【解析】考查定语从句。句意：自动驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词 为area,在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where,相当于in which。故选B。点睛：本题考查定语从句。定语从句是高考重点考查知识之一，分析定语从句需抓住两点：L找准先行词。2 .看先行词在从句中所作的成分。抓住这两点，再根据句意，从而能够判断出正确的关系词。6 .Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 showed a mere five to 10minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes (cause).【答案】that或which【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。此处a study是先行词，其在定语从句中作主语、故填that或which。7 .They also had a small pond which they raised fish. My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by selling the fish.【答案】which改成in which或where【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。他们还有一个小池塘，里面养着鱼。此处a small pond是先行词，其在后 面的定语从句中作地点状语，故用in which或where。8 .The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005when the government started (start) a soil-testing program gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers - and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by.7 million tons.【答案】that或which【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。根据空后的谓语动词gives可知，该空缺少主语，指代program并且引导 后面的句子。指物用that/which,故填that或者whicho.Many westerners come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize howcheap it can be to eat out.【答案】that或who【解析】考查定语从句的关系词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语， 用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/thato.The little problems we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.A. that B. as C. where D. when【答案】A【解析】句意：我们在日常生活中遇到的小问题可能就是伟大发明的灵感。we meet in our daily lives是定语从句，从句缺少宾语，先行词是problems,用that。考点：考查定语从句。9 .In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.A. which B.it' s C. whose D. whom【答案】C【解析】考查定语从句。先行词是“the World Food Programme”，“世界粮食项目”的目的之一是, whose在定语从句中作定语，这里限定purposes,故选C。句意：1963年联合国建立了世界粮食计划署，其 目的之一就是为了缓解世界范围内的饥饿问题。考点：考查定语从句12. My eldest son, work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.A. that B. whose C. his D. who【答案】B【解析】本句是一个非限制性定语从句，先行词是My eldest son,根据句意和空后名词确定引导词在从句中 作定语，选项中只有whose修饰名词作定语。故选B。考点：考查定语从句。【名师点睛】定语从句的考查主要就是考查关系词的辨析，关系代词that, which, whom, as, who在句中做主 语，宾语，表语；whose做定语；where, why, when在句中做地点，原因和时间状语。要分析定语从句的成 分，看缺少什么成分，就选用相应的关系词。1.1 1 wish to thank Professor Smith, without help I would never have got this far.【答案】whose【解析】本题考查定语从句。句意:我希望感谢Professor Smith,要是没有了他的帮助，我不可能走这么远。 本题定语从句的先行词是Professor Smith,在定语从句中，whose指代先行词Professor Smith,在句中作为 help的定语。定语从句关系代词只有whose可以放在名词前面做定语，故填whose.14 .He talked a lot about things and persons they remembered in the school.【答案】that【解析】本题考查定语从句。句意：他谈论了很多他们记住的在学校里的人和事情。这个定语从句中的关 系词在从句中充当宾语的成分，所以要用关系代词；而先行词是things and persons既有人，又有物，所以 要用关系代词that.故填that.15 .The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.【答案】whose【解析】本题考查定语从句。句意：这本书透过生活受到地震影响的人们的视角讲述地震的故事。先行词 是those,指地震受灾者，定语从句中的lives是名词生命的意思，从句缺少定语；whose作定语，相当于 and their lives.故填 whose.16 .everyone knows, China is a beautiful country with a long history【答案】As【解析】本题考查定语从句。句意：众所周知，中国是一个有着悠久历史的美丽国家。分析句子可知， everyone knows是定语从句，关系词指代整个主句，从句置句首，用关系代词as,表示“如同，as everyone know众所周知，置句首单词首字母大写，故填As.17John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members【答案】whom【解析】本题考查定语从句的引导词。空格后是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，所以引导词要用关系代词， 先行词是people,是人，空格前有介词of,介词后表示人的关系代词只能用宾格的whom,故填whom.1.1 It's good to know the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.【答案】that【解析】本题考查宾语从句引导词。分析句子结构可知，此处为know的宾语从句，从句成分齐全，句意完 整，故由连接词that引导。故填that.1.