专题14 名词第14讲 -名词---2022年高考英语一轮复习讲练测（新教材新高考）（练）（含答案解析）.docx

第14讲-名词(练)时间：50分钟满分:50分姓名 得数I .单句语法填空(每个1分，共25分).【江苏省连云港市2021届高三1月适应性模拟】Horatio Aliens 1831 (invent), the "Track iHuminator(照 明器)J was suddenly in demand.【答案】invention【解析】考查名词。句意：Horatio Allen 1831年的发明“轨道照明器”突然间大受欢迎。根据上文名词所有 格Horatio Aliens可知应填名词invention,结合后文was可知应填单数。故填inventiono.【江苏省 2020-2021 学年百校联考高三第二次考试】Both headlines were put forward by a major new study into diet and health (outcome) . Researchers looked at changes in diet for more than 50, 000 women and 27, 000 men in the US, over 16 years.【答案】outcomes【解析】考查名词。句意：这两个标题都是由一项关于饮食和健康结果的重大新研究提出的。outcome是可 数名词，再根据前面的diet and health可知，这里是指两方面的结果，所以用复数形式。故填outcomes。1 .【江苏省 2020-2021 学年百校联考高三第二次考试】We still need to be careful about the findings. This study cannot tell us for sure that red meat or changes in red meat (consume) are the direct cause of changes in length of life.【答案】consumption【解析】考查名词。句意：这项研究不能确定地告诉我们红肉或红肉消耗的变化是寿命变化的直接原因。 meat为名词作定语，修饰名词。consumption是consume的名词形式，meat consumption意为"肉类消耗 故填 consumptiono.【江苏省连云港市2021届高三1月适应性模拟】Horatio Allen's 1831 (invent), the “Track illuminator(照明器)J was suddenly in demand.【答案】invention【解析】考查名词。Horatio Allen 1831年的发明“轨道照明器”突然间大受欢迎。根据上文名词所有格Horatio Allen's可知应填名词invention,结合后文was可知应填单数。故填inventiono.【江苏省苏锡常镇四市2021届高三教学情况调研】As much as artistic(appreciate), physical fitness and recreation, calligraphy is becoming a part of life among many Chinese people. Therefore, another Golden Age of Chinese calligraphy is coming.【答案】celebration【解析】考查名词。句意：中国新年是一个庆祝冬天的结束和春天的开始。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故 填 celebration o3.【2020新课标HI卷】Filled with 64 (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.【答案】curiosity【解析】考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curiosity作宾语， 表示"好奇心"。故填curiosity o4.12020浙江卷】Later, they learned to work with the 62. (season), planting at the right time and, in dry areas, making use of annual floods to irrigate(灌既)their fields.【答案】seasons【解析】考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年 的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasons。5.【2020新高考全国 I 卷山东卷】Historical 44. (accurate) is important but so is entertainment.【答案】accuracy【解析】考查名词。句意:历史的准确性很重要，但娱乐也很重要。此处做主语，位于形容词historical之后， 应使用名词，意为"历史的准确性”。故填accuracy。6.【2020浙江 1 月For Japan, the(number) are more striking - 22 in 1950, 46 today and 53 in 2050. In2015, one in 12 people around the world were over 65; by 2050, it will be one in six.【答案】numbers【解析】考查名词复数。此处根据后面的are可知，这里主语the number用复数形式。故填numbers。7.12019全国 I In recent years some Inuit people in Nunayut have reported increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing.【答案】belief【解析】考查词性转换。由其前不定冠词和其后that引导的同位语从句可知，空格处需填名词形式。故填 beliefo8.12019全国 IHjWhen they were free from work, they invited us to local events and let us know of an interesting66 (compete)to watch, together with the story behind it.【答案】competition【解析】考查词性转换。形容词interesting应该修饰名词，而且空前有不定冠词an,故填单数名词competition0. 12019浙江 6 Other American studies showed no 64 (connect) between uniforms and schoolperformance.【答案】connection/connections【解析】考查名词。根据no可知，后面需要connect的名词形式，语意表示“联系、连接' 故填connection/connections。9 .【2019U匕京】No matter what you like to do, there is a way to get involved in various 6 (activity) on Earth Day. You can plant a tree, make a meal with locally grown vegetables, or save power-the possibilities are endless.【答案】activities【解析】考查名词的复数形式，因为前面的形容词是various”各种各样的' 因此用名词的复数形式activitieso【答案】appreciation【解析】考查名词。如同艺术欣赏、健身和娱乐一样，书法正在成为许多中国人生活的一部分。根据形容 词artistic可知此处要用名词形式。故填appreciation。6 .【江苏省苏州市八校联盟2021届高三第二次适应性检测】China was once the world's biggest recipient of overseas trash. Because of a (short) of enough raw materials, China began importing solid waste in 1980.【答案】shortage【解析】考查名词。句意：由于缺乏足够的原材料，中国从1980年开始进口固体废物。不定冠词a后需接 可数名词单数，short的名词为shortage”不足，缺乏故填shortage。7 .【江苏省苏锡常镇四市2021届高三教学情况调研As much as artistic(appreciate), physical fitness and recreation, calligraphy is becoming a part of life among many Chinese people. Therefore, another Golden Age of Chinese calligraphy is coming.【答案】appreciation【解析】考查名词。句意：如同艺术欣赏、健身和娱乐一样，书法正在成为许多中国人生活的一部分。根 据形容词artistic可知此处要用名词形式。故填appreciation。8 .【江苏省南京29中、南菁中学等四校2021届高三12月联考】There is a common expression in the English language referring to a blue moon. When people say something happens " only once in a blue moon", they actually intend to indicate the(frequent) of it.【答案】infrequency/ infrequence【解析】考查名词。句意：当人们说某件事“once in a blue moon”(千载难逢州寸，他们实际上是想表达这件事 很少发生。由定冠词the和indicate可知空处应填入名词作宾语，提示词frequent的名词形式为“frequency/ frequence (频率，频繁)，由句意可知应用反义词“infrequency/infrequence(罕见，很少发生)”，故填infrequency/ infrequence o.【江苏省南京29中、南菁中学等四校2021届高三12月联考】It is on the occasion when a given calendar month has a second full moon that a blue moon occurs. It happens only three or four(time) in a decade.【答案】times【解析】考查名词复数。句意：这种情况在十年内只会发生三四次。由句意可知，此处time作“次数”讲时 为可数名词，结合数字“three or four”可知名词应用复数形式，故填timeso9 .【江苏省南京市六校联合体2021届高三上学期联考】For those who do have the funds, a(combine) of working, volunteering and travelling is undoubtedly an amazing opportunity. It increases confidence and independence, offers you a chance to learn new crafts, and gives you time to reflect on whether university is right for you.【答案】combination【解析】考查名词。句意：对于那些有资金的人来说，工作、志愿服务和旅行的结合无疑是一个惊人的机 会。根据上文冠词a可知应填单数名词combination,作主语。故填combination。10 .【江苏省如皋如东丹阳三校2021届高三12月联考】The Chinese government has worked with UNESCO to agree on a plan to protect the caves. Regretfully , around the world, especially in countries where there is fighting or great (poor) , many wonderful sites are still endangered. Some may not even get onto the list before they disappear forever.【答案】poverty【解析】考查名词。句意：遗憾的是，在世界范围内，特别是在那些有战争或极度贫困的国家，许多美丽 的遗址仍然处于濒危状态。there is fighting or great (poor)是“there be +主语”结构，此处用名词 poverty (贫困)作主语，该词不可数。故填poverty。11 .【江苏省泰州市 2021 届高三上学期期末】For example, the "Great Green WalF' was initiated in the northern region to restrict the(expand) of the Gobi Desert.答案expansion /expanding【解析】考查名词。句意：“绿色长城”这个项目最初是在北方地区发起的，目的是限制沙漠的扩张。分析句 子结构可知，本空作动词restrict的宾语，空前有the,所以应该用名词(表抽象意义，不可数)或者动名词。 故填 expansion /expandingo.【江苏省天一中学、南京师范大学附属中学、海安中学2021届高三12月联考】Even Huawei founder Ren Zhengfei said that patriotism should not decide whether one wants an iPhone or a Huawei. He said that he had bought Apple computers for his family and his company must learn from its (compete).【答案】competitor(s)【解析】考查名词。句意：他说他是为家人买的苹果电脑，他的公司必须向竞争对手学习。此处作宾语， 表示“竞争者''应用名词competitor,此处可用复数也可用单数。故填competitor(s)。12 .【江苏省扬州市2020-2021学年高三上学期期末考试适应性练习】Recent studies show physical activity can improve brain function as well as calming the mind and body, at a time when(anxious) among teenagers is at record levels.【答案】anxiety【解析】考查名词。句意：最近的研究表明，当青少年的焦虑情绪达到创纪录的水平时，体育活动可以改 善大脑功能，并使身心平静下来。此处作从句的主语应用名词形式。名词anxiety意为“焦虑工故填anxietyo 15. 2020届湖北省武汉市华中师范大学第一附属中学高考押题】Czech people are really good at celebrating and holding(party).【答案】parties【解析】考查名词单复数。party“聚会”是可数名词，结合语境可知，此处不止一次聚会，应用复数形式， 故填 parties o2020 届河南省新乡市高三第三次模拟】Peer pressure at high school is both harmful and effective because it can lead to teen depression, high stress levels, negative behavior(issue),and poor decision making and outcomes.【答案】issues【解析】考查名词单复数。根据后面and poor decision making and outcomes中outcomes为复数形式，and连 接并列名词issue (问题)，为可数名词，所以用复数形式。故填issues。16. L2020届四川省成都市高三毕业班第三次诊断】But the land-locked country welcomed only 4. 2 million visitors in 2016a small (achieve) in comparison with its southeastern Asian neighbors.【答案】achievement【解析】考查名词。形容词small修饰名词，a后接单数可数名词，此空用单数可数名词。故填achievement。17. 2020届辽宁省沈阳市东北育才学校高中部高三第八次模拟】As an 45. (express) of Moroccan hospitality and tradition, mint tea-a mix of green tea, spearmint (绿薄荷)leaves and sugar - is served during gatherings and negotiations.【答案】expression【解析】考查名词。句意：薄荷茶是一种混合了绿茶、绿薄荷叶和糖的饮品，是摩洛哥人在聚会和谈判时 享用的一种体现。分析句子结构an (express) of可知，不定冠词an用在名词前面，这里应该用名词 形式，故填 expressiono2020 届湖南省永州市六县高三 6 月(笫二次)联考Of course, all applicants will have to complete a NASA physical(examine) to test their fitness for long-term spaceflight.【答案】examination【解析】考查名词。本句意为“当然，所有申请者都必须完成一个美国宇航局的体检，以测试他们是否适合 长期太空飞行。“，a NASA physical 10是一个名词短语，此空用名词形式。故填examination。18. 2020 届重庆市高三 6 月调研考试(三诊)】Since building her company, Hao has been carrying out voluntary teaching(program) in rural areas.【答案】programs【解析】考查名词复数。句意：郝景芳在乡下实施了很多志愿教学项目。根据句意，用名词复数，表示不 止一个教学项B o故填programso【2020届广西桂林、崇左、防城港市高三6月联合模拟】This is one of the (reason) why he wrote his own book.【答案】reasons【解析】考查固定搭配。句意：这就是他创作自己的书的原因之一。“one。件可数名词复数形式”表示” 之一故填 reasons o2020 届四川省乐山市高中高三第三次调查】Hanwang is now selling two main 43.(kind) of products that use the new technology. One performs "single channel" recognition, which is designed to be used at the (enter) to buildings.【答案】kinds【解析】考查名词复数。此处表示“两种”，kind是可数名词，由two修饰用复数，故填kinds。【答案】entrance/entrances【解析】考查名词。此处表示建筑物的入口，由the修饰用名词，建筑物可能有多个入口，也可以用复数。 故填 entrance/entranceso12020届山西省运城市高中联合体高三第三次模拟】Zopf is particularly popular in Switzerland Emmental region, an area where you can find (loaf) stretching up to a metre long.【答案】loaves【解析】考查可数名词单复数。句意：辫子面包在瑞士的埃门塔尔地区特别受欢迎，在那里你可以看到长 达一米的面包。此处loaf应用复数形式，表示很多辫子面包。故填loaves。19. 【2020届河北省衡水中学高三第六次调考】 (volunteer) read the word for 12 colors, such as "green" and "black. ”【答案】volunteers【解析】考查名词的数。句意：志愿者读12种颜色的词，比如“绿色”和“黑色”。此处指上句中的711名志 愿者，volunteer为可数名词，所以用复数形式表示泛指，故填volunteers。20. 【2020天津静海一中高三期末】Most of his works didn't gain the international(recognize) they deserved until his death.【答案】recognition【解析】考查词形转换。直到他去世,他的大部分作品才得到应有的国际认可。recognition认可。根据语境 可知填名词recognitionoH.单项选择（每个1分，共15分）（202l-llI东高考真题）It's time for all countries to work together to reduce air.A. recognition B. reservationC. positionD. pollution【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在是所有国家共同努力减少空气污染的时候了。A. recognition认识， 识别；B. reservation预定，预约；C.position位置;D. pollution污染。根据空前句意可知，空处需用名词pollution, 表示所有国家共同努力减少空气污染。故选D。1. （2021 山东高考真题）Mr. Green is a good. He is kind to his workers.A. employB. employeeC. employerD. employment【答案】c【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：格林先生是个好雇主。他对工人很好。A.employ雇用，既可以用作动 词也可以用作名词；B. employee雇员，职工；C. employer老板；D. employment雇用，职业。根据空后“He is kind to his workers.”可知，空处需用名词employer,表示格林先生是好雇主，对工人好。故选C。2. （2021 江苏高三） He gave no for why he hadn't at his brother's wedding ceremony.A. appreciation; turned outB. expectation; taken outC. explanation; turned upD. instruction; taken up【答案】c【解析】考查名词和动词短语。句意：他对没有出席哥哥婚礼的原因没有给出解释。Appreciation鉴赏；turned out 结果是；B.expectation 期彳寺；taken out 拿出；C.explanation 解释；turned up 出现；D.instruction 指导；taken up 占据。第空，give no explanation 没有给出解释，第二空，根据"at his brother's wedding ceremony"可矢口， 在哥哥婚礼上没有出现。故选C。3. （2021 江苏高三） I have a poor sense of and can easily get lost in a new city.Why not use Baidu maps on your mobile phone?A. humorB. directionC. securityD. duty【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意： 我的方向感很差，在一个陌生的城市很容易迷路。为什么不 使用手机上的百度地图呢？ A. humor幽默；B. direction方向；C.security安全；D.duty责任。根据后文“andcan easily get lost in a new city”可知，此处指方向感差容易迷路。故选B。4. （2021 天津市宝诋区第一中学高三三模）It's said that dogs will keep you for as long as you wantwhen you are feeling lonely.A. companion B. colleagueC. companyD. relation【答案】c【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：据说，当你感到孤独时，只要你愿意，狗就会一直陪伴着你。A. companion 同伴；B. colleague 同事；C. company 陪伴；D. relation 联系，关联。根据空后“when you are feeling lonely” 可知，此处指“狗会陪伴你"，ke叩sb. company意为“陪伴某人工 故选C。6. （2021天津市宁河区芦台第一中学高三其他模拟）I have heard that it is a common in that country tohold a big party to celebrate when a child turns 15.A. practiceB. methodC. evidenceD. effects【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我听说在那个国家，当一个孩子满15岁时，举行一个盛大的聚会庆祝 是一种常见的做法。A. practice惯例；B. method方法；C.evidence证据；D.effects影响。根据句意可知， 此处表明当一个孩子满15岁时，举行一个盛大的聚会庆祝是一种常见做法，common practice意为“惯例、 符合句意。故选A项。7. （2021 银川市第六中学高三三模）Whafs the matter, doctor?Nothing serious. Take this medicine according to the, and you will get better soon.A. introductions B. explanations C. suggestions D. instructions【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的病怎么样了，医生？ 不严重。按照说明服用这种药，你 很快就会好起来的。A. introductions 介绍；B. explanations 解释；C. suggestions 建议；D. instructions 说明， 说明书。根据上文“Take this medicine according to the”指按照说明书服药，应用instructions。故选D。8. （2021北京师范大学天津附属中学高三三模）In all aspects of the society, there are many heroes dedicated to their work. So they should get the they deserves.A. awardB. ceremonyC. priceD. credit【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在社会的各个方面，都有许多英雄献身于他们的工作。所以他们应该 得到他们应得的荣誉。A.award 奖；B.ceremony 仪式；C.price 价格；D.credit 荣誉。根据"there are many heroes dedicated to their work. ”可知，英雄们应该得到他们应得的荣誉。故选D项。9. （2021 天津耀华中学高三二模）The from England to India used to take more than 6 months as therewere storms and huge waves at times.A. travelB. journeyC. voyageD. trip【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：过去，从英国到印度的航程需要6个多月，因为有时会遇到风暴和巨 浪。A.travel泛指旅行各地，表示旅行的路途远，时间长；B.journey陆地上的远程旅行；C.voyage航海，航 行；D.trip来往有定的短距离旅行。根据"as there were storms and huge waves at times”可知，此处是指在海上 航行。故选C。10. （2021 天津耀华滨海学校高三三模）Thanksgiving Day offers us an opportunity to express to ourfamily, friends and even strangers.A. satisfaction B. appreciation C. reputationD. cooperation【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。句意感恩节让我们有机会向家人、朋友，甚至是陌生人表达感激之情。A. satisfaction 满足，满意;B. appreciation感激，欣赏；C.reputation名声；D. cooperation合作。根据句意和常识可知, 感恩节的主题就是向他人表达感激之情。故选B项。11 .（2021天津南开中学高三二模）The stronger the is, the more quickly a man will learn a new skill. Inother words, it is up to whether he has an interest in it.A. motivationB. ambitionC. effectD. imagination【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：动力越强，一个人学习新技能的速度就越快。换句话说，这取决于他 是否对此感兴趣。根据"he has an interest in it”可知，动力越强，一个人学习新技能的速度就越快。故选A 项。12. （2021 天津7可西区高三三模）It is generally agreed that new contents should be added to a good dictionary at regular.A. gapsB. intervalsC. lengthD. distance【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：一本好词典应该定期添加新内容，这是大家一致同意的。A.gap缺口； 裂缝；间隔期；B. intervals （时间上的）间隔；C. length长度；D. distance距离。结合语境可知，"new contents” 应是指随着时代发展而出现的“新词”，随时会出现，因此应及时定期更新词典内容。“at intervals"，固定短 语，意为“每隔一段时间”，符合语境搭配。故选B项。13. （2021 天津耀华中学高三模）The new law makes no between adults and children, so everyone istreated equally.A. distinctionB. comparison C. assumption D. division【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：新法律对成人和儿童一视同仁，所以每个人都被平等对待。A.distinction 区别，差别；B.comparison比照，对比；C.assumption假定，设想；D.division分配。由语意可知，每个人 都被平等对待，说明新法律对成人和儿童一视同仁。故选A项。14. （2021 天津高三三模） 一Will you take my previous experience into when you fix my salary?一You bet. We always do for senior-level positions.A. mindB. thoughtC. referenceD. account【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：你确定我的薪水时，会把我以前的工作经验考虑进去吗？ 当 然。对于高级职位我们总是这样做的。A. mind思维；B. thought想法；C.reference参考；D. account描述, 账户。根据句意及常识可知，此处是固定短语take.intoaccount”将考虑在内”，意为“将我以前的工作 经验考虑在内故选D。15. （2021 天津高三二模）The environmentalists said wild goats'on the vast grasslands was a good indication of the better environment.A. accommodation B. absenceC. attendanceD. appearance【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：环保人士表示，野山羊出现在广阔的草原上，是环境改善的良好迹象。A.accommodation膳宿；B.absence 缺席；C.attendance 出席；D.appearance 出现。根据"a good indicationof the better environment”可知，此处是指野山羊出现在广阔的草原上。故选D。III.高考试题（每个1分,共10分）1.12020新课标 I 卷】The far side of the moon is of particul