2022年新目标人教版八年级英语下册单元知识点归纳总结 .pdf

1 人教版八年级英语下册知识点Unit 1.what s the matter?一重点短语归纳1.foot-feet 脚 tooth-teeth 牙齿 2.have a cold 感冒3.have a stomachache 胃疼4.have a sore back 背疼5.have a sore throat 喉咙疼6.have a fever 发烧7.lie down and(have a)rest 躺下休息have a rest 休息8.hot tea with honey 加蜜的热茶9.see a dentist 看牙医see a doctor 看医生10.drink lots of water 多喝水11.lots of,a lot of,许多。大量a lot a lot of=lots of，可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，一般用在肯定句中。：There are lots of（a lot of）books in our library.There is a lot of water on the ground a lot,是一个副词词组，跟动词连用；表示十分，很等意思；Thanks a lot.12.have a toothache牙疼13.That s a good idea好主意14.go to bed 去睡觉go to bed early 早上床睡觉15.feel well 感到好 feel ill 感到不舒服I don t feel well=Im not feeling well 我感觉不舒服.16.start doing/to do sth 开始做某事to do 是一件事情完成了，开始做另外一件事情doing 是原来的那件事情做到一半，现在又开始做了，是同一件事情。17.two days ago 两天前18.get some rest 多休息,休息一会儿19.I think so 我认为是这样20.be thirsty 口渴21.be hungry 饥饿22.be stressed out紧张23.listen to music 听音乐24.healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式25.traditional Chinese doctors 传统中医26.need to do sth 需要做某事I have a toothache.I need to see a dentist.我牙痛,我需要去看牙医.We need to keep our classroom clean.我们需要保持教室的干净.27.too much+不可数名词太多的 much too+形/副实在太 极其，非常too many+可数名词复数太多的 28.be good for sth./doing sth.对什么有益，对什么有好处be bad for sth./doing sth.对什么有害be good to 对好be good at=do well in 在方面好，擅长be good(bad)for、be good at 的相关用法1.be good for 对.有益Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操对你们的建康有益。2.be good at 擅长于.Li Ping is good at basketball.李平擅长于篮球。=Li Ping is good at playing basketball.李平擅长于打篮球。be good at=do well in 如：Im good at math.=I do well in math.我擅长于数学。3.be good to 对.好Parents are always good to their children.父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。29.get good grades 取得好成绩30.angry 用法be angry with sb 生某人的气I was angry with him for keeping me waiting.我对他很生气，因为他让我等了好久。be angry at/about sth 就某事生气31.Its easy to do sth做某事是容易的。It s important to do sth.做某事很重要。32.balanced diet 平衡饮食33.get tired 感到疲倦be/get tired 34.stay healthy 保持健康=keep healthy=keep in good health 35.He shouldn t eat anything=He should eat nothing.他不应当吃任何东西.36.give sb some advice 给某人建议give advice 提出建议advice 是不可数名词 a piece of advice 一则建议take one s advice 采纳或听从某人的建议He gave me some good advice.他向我提了一些很好的意见。49.sleep 8 hours a night 每晚睡眠八小时，get enough sleep 得到充足的睡眠50.take medicine 吃药服药I have to take medicine three times a day for my cold.因为感冒，我不得不一天吃三次药。二 固定结构It s+形容词+for sb.+to do sth.做某事对某人来说是的。It s important to do sth.做某事很重要。It s important for me to eat a balanced diet.平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.It s easy to do sth 做某事是容易的。It s easy for us to find out the answer.找出答案对我们来说是容易的三重点句子1.What s the matter?What s the mater with you?你怎么啦？=Whats the trouble with you?=What s wrong with you?I have a cold/have a sore back/have a stomachache 2.That s too bad.You should/shouldnt那太糟糕了.你应该/不该 You should lie down and rest/drink hot tea with honey/see a dentist/see a doctor.He shouldn t eat anything=He should eat nothing.他不应当吃任何东西.3.I m not felling well.这里 well 表示身体状况，不能用 good 代替I don t feel well=I m not feeling well 我感觉不舒服.4.When did it start?About two days ago.什么时候开始的？大约两天前5.I hope you fell better soon.我希望你很快好起来这里 better 是 well 的比较级名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 14 页 -2 10.Its easy to have a healthy lifestyle,and its important to eat a balanced diet.有一个健康的生活方式很容易，饮食平衡是很重要的。Its easy to do sth.做某事容易/It s important to do sth.做某事重要四知识结构1.情态动词should 的用法should 是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为应该.。should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。eg.You should wait a little more.你应该再多等一会儿。-I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。-You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。2maybe 与 may be 1.maybe 是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：Maybe he can answer the question.也许他能回答那个问题。He maybe is from the USA,too.他可能也来自美国。2.may be 中的 may 为情态动词，译为“可能是.”。如：He may be from the USA,too.他可能也来自美国。She may be our English teacher.她可能是我们的英语老师4 few、a few、little、a little 的区别和联系：1.few/a few 用来修饰可数名词，few 表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；a few 表示有肯定意思，有几个。例如：He has few friends here,he feels lonely.他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。2.little/a little用来修饰不可数名词，little 表示否定意思，没有，几乎没有。a little 表示肯定意思，有一点儿。例如：There is little ink in my bottle,can you give me a little ink?我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？3 not until 直到(否定句)才，动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词She didn t leave until we came.He went shopping after he got up.=He didn t go shopping until/before he got up.until/till直到 （肯定句）动词为延续性动词We stayed here till/until 12 o clock.Unit 2 Ill help clean the city parks.一知识点：短语动词小结常见短语动词结构有下面几种：1.动词+副词 如：give up 放弃turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放在短语动词后。2.动词+介词如：listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。3.动词+副词+介词如：come up with 提出，想出run out of 用完，耗尽4.动词+名词(介词)如：take part in 参加catch hold of 抓住1.cheer(sb.)up 使(某人)高兴、振作如：cheer me up 使我高兴clean up 打扫clean-up n.打扫2.homeless adj.无家可归的a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩home n.家4.sick adj.生病的作表语、定语ill adj.生病的作表语，不能作定语5.volunteer to do v.志愿效劳、主动贡献volunteer n.志愿者e up with 提出想出=think up 想出catch up with 赶上追上7.put off doing 推迟做某事put on 穿上(指过程)put up 张贴8.write down 写下记下9.call up 打电话make a telephone call 打电话10.set up 成立建立The new hospital was set up in 2000.这座医院是在2000 年成立的。11.each 每个各自的强调第一个人或事物的个别情况 常与 of 连用every 每个 每一个的一切的则有“全体”的意思不能与 of 连用12.put to use 把 投入使用，利用They put the new machine to use.他们把新机器投入使用13.help sb.(to)do 帮助某人做某事help him(to)study help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事help him with English help do 帮助做某事help study 14.plan to do 计划做某事plan+从句I plan to go to Beijing.=I plan(that)I will go to Beijing.我计划去北京。15.spend doing 花费 做 I spent a day visiting Beijing.我花了一天的时间去参观北京。spend on sth.花费 在 I spent 3 years on English.16.join 参加(指参加团体、组织)如：join the Party 入党take part in 参加(指参加活动)如：take part in sports meeting 参加运动会17.run out 与 run out of run out(become used up).其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本身就含有被动意义。His money soon ran out.他的钱很快就花光了。Our time is running out.我们剩下的时间不多了。run out of 主语为人，表示主动含义。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 14 页 -3 He is always running out of money before pay day.他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。两者在一定条件下可以互换如：The petrol is running out.汽油快用完了=We are running out of petrol.我们快把汽油用完了。Our time is running out.我们剩下的时间不多了。=We are running out of time 18.take after(在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像be similar to 与.相像take after 相像look after 照顾take care of 照顾19.work out v.+adj.结局，结果为The strategies that he came up with worked out fine.他提出的这个策略效果很好。算出，制订出，消耗完（精力等）He never seems to be worked out.他好像永远不会疲乏似的。He worked out a plan.他制订了一个计划。I have worked out our total expenses.我已经算出了我们总的费用。21.hang out 闲荡 闲逛I like to hang out at mall with my friends.我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。22.be able to do 能 会be unable to do 不能 不会23.thank you for doing 谢谢做某事如：thank you for helping me 谢谢做帮助我24.for sure 确实如此，毫无疑问You don t have money.That s for sure.你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。25.fill with 使充满 用填充 She filled the bowl with water.她用水填满碗。26.hand out 分发hand out bananas give out 分发give out sth to sb.分.给某人give up doing 放弃 give up smokin g 放弃吸烟give away 赠送捐赠give away sth.to .give away money to kids give sb.sth.给某人某东西give me money 给我钱give sth.to sb.给某人某东西give money to me 给我线27.help sb.out 帮助 做事，解决难题(摆脱困境)I can t work out this math problem.Please help me out.我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。28.train n.火车train v.训练train sb.to do.训练某人做某事She trains her dog to fetch things.她训练她的狗去取东西。29.at once=right away 立刻 马上 如：Do it at once.马上去做。I ll go there at once/right away.我马上去那里。30.one day 有一天(指将来/过去)some day 有一天(指将来)如：One day I went to Beijing.有一天我去了北京。Some day I ll go to Beijing.有一天我将去北京。34.disabled adj.肢体有残疾的disable v.不能36.volunteer 可数名词“志愿者”adj.自愿的vi.volunteer to do sth They are the Chinese People s Volunteers.他们是中国人民志愿军。I volunteer to help you.我自愿帮助你。二句子1We can t put off making a plan.Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now.我们不能推迟制订计划，清洁日离现在只有两周了。2She puts this love to good use by working in the after-school care centre at her local elementary school.她在当地的一所小学的课后辅导中心工作，使这个爱好得到较好的利用3 Not only do I feel good about helping other people,but I get to spend time doing what I love to do.帮助别人不但自己感到快乐，而且我开始花时间做自己喜欢做的事了。4The three students plan to set up a student volunteer project at heir school.这三个学生计划在他们校开展一个学生志愿者项目。5.He also put up some sign asking for old bikes.他还贴了一些需求旧自行车的告。6.The strategies that he came up with worked out fine.几米想出的这个办法很效。8We need to come up with a plan.我们需要指定一个计划。9 You could help clean up the city parks.你可以帮助打扫城市公园。10He now has sixteen bikes to fix up and give away to children who don t have bikes.他现在有 16 辆要修理的自行车，并准备把这些修好的自行车赠送给那些没有自行车的孩子。Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?一重要词组及短语1.could you please do sth.?你能 吗？/请你干 好吗？2.do the chores 做杂务3.do the dishes 洗餐具4.sweep the floor 清扫地板5.take out the trash 倒垃圾6.make ones bed 铺床7.fold ones clothes 叠衣服8.clean the living room 清扫客厅9.stay out late 晚归e over 过来11.have a test 考试12.get a ride 搭车13.use ones computer 使用某人的电脑14.hate sth./hate to do sth./hate doing sth.讨厌某事/做某事15.do the laundry=do some washing=wash clothes 洗衣服17.wash the car 刷车16.make breakfast/make dinner=do some cooking 做饭18.work on 从事，忙于work at 学习、致力于、在 上下工夫19.borrow some money 借一些钱borrow sth.from sb.向某人借某物(借入)名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 14 页 -4 lend sb.sth.=lend sth.to sb.借给某人某物(借出)You can borrow some money from your brother.你可以向你哥哥借些钱。Can you lend me your bike?你能借给我你的自行车吗？20.invite sb.to do sth.邀请某人做某事They invited me to join their club.他们邀请我参加俱乐部。invite sb to a place 邀请某人去某地invite you to my party 21.go to the store 去商店22.agree sb.to do sth.同意某人做某事agree with sb.同意某人的意见disagree sb.to do sth.不同意某人做某事disagree with sb.不同意某人的意见23.take care of=look after 照顾、照看、照料take good care of=look after well 把 照管得好26.take sb.for a walk 带某人去散步27.play with sb.和某人玩28.forget to do sth.忘记去做某事(未做)forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(做过)（2）关于to 的短语总结：have to do sth.不得不，必须做某事need to do sth.需要做某事hate to do sth.讨厌做某事like to do sth.喜欢做某事want to do sth.想做某事love to do sth.热爱做某事forget to do sth.忘记做某事start to do sth.开始做某事begin to do sth.开始做某事ask sb to do sth.请某人做某事二重点句型1.Could you please clean your room?Yes,sure./Sorry,I cant.I have to do my homework first.2.Could I please use the car?Sure./Certainly./Of course./No,you cant.I have to go out.在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用could 代替 can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而 can 则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把could 看作can 的过去式。以上两句中用could 是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了can,could 之外，还可以用may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例：Could/Can/May I use your car for a day?作允答可以各种各样：如同意可以说Yes，或 Sure 或 Certainly，还可说Yes,(do)please.或 Of course.(you may/can).或Thats OK/all right.如果不同意，可以说Im sorry you cant.或 Im really sorry,but I have to use it today.要避免说No,you cant.这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。Unit4.Why don t you talk to your parents?一、重点短语1.have free time 有空闲时间2.allow sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事3.hang out with sb.与某人闲逛4.after-school classes 课外活动课5.get into a fight with sb.与某人吵架/打架6.until midnight直到半夜7.talk to sb.与某人交谈8.too many 太多9.study too much 学得过多10.get enough sleep有足够的睡眠11.write sb.a letter 给某人写信12.call sb.up 打电话给某人13.surprise sb.令某人惊讶14.look through 翻看15.be angry with sb.生某人的气16.a big deal 重要的事17.work out 成功地发展;解决18.get on with 和睦相处；关系良:19.fight a lot 经常吵架/打架20.hang over 笼罩21.refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事22.offer to do sth.主动提出做某事23.so that 以便24.mind sb.doing sth.介意某人做某事25.all the time 一直26.in future 今后27.make sb.angry 使某人生气28.worry about sth.担心某事29.copy one s homework抄袭某人的作业30.be oneself 做自己31.family members 家庭成员32.spend time alone 独自消磨时光33.give sb.pressure给某人施压34.have a fight with sb.与某人吵架pete with sb.与某人竞争36.free time activities 业余活动37.get better grades取得更好的成绩38.give one s opinion提出某人的观点39.learn exam skills 学习应试技巧40.practice sports 体育训练41.cause stress造成压力42.cut out 删除一.重要词汇和句型1.get(1)买 get sth.for sb.=get sb.sth.为某人买某物Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping?=Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping?(2)得到,到达Where did you get the book?When did you get the letter?He got home late last night.(3)使,让 get+宾语+宾补使某人 某物怎么样Please get you coat clean.Get your mouth closed.get sb.to do sth.使某人 某物做某事I got him to call Jim yesterday.(4)(逐渐)变得 名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 4 页，共 14 页 -5 The weather gets warmer and days get longer.Why did the teacher get angry?2.how about what about 后跟名词 代词 动词ing 形式。(1)向对方提出建议或请求How about going out for a walk?How about something to eat?(2)向对方征求意见或看法How about the TV play?How about buying the house now?(3)询问天气或身体情况How about the weather in Hainan Island?How about your parents?Are they living with you?(4)谈话中承接上下文I m forty years old.How about you?I m from Beijing.How about you?3.receive 收到The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday.receive a letter from=get a letter from=heard from 收到某人的信I received a letter from my parents last Sunday.=I got a letter from my parents last Sunday.=I heard from my parents last Sunday.accept 接受He couldn t accept our suggestions but our gifts.She was very glad to receive the invitation.He didn t receive a good education at university.I received an invitation to the party,but I refused to accept it.4.a 6-year old child 一个六岁的孩子6-year old 是由“数词+名词+形容词”构成的复合形容词,作前置定语,修饰后面的名词child.数词+名词+形容词构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形式：a five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩a two-meter-long ruler 一把两米长的尺子a ten-story-high building 一栋十层高的楼房a two-inch-thick dictionary 一本两英寸厚的词典5.too to 太 而不能too 后跟形容词或副词原形,to 后跟动词原形,构成不定式.句子的主语与动词不定的主语不一时,可以在动词不定式前加逻辑主语 for sb.He is too young to join the army(军队).他年纪太小，不能去参军。The math problem is too difficult for me to work out.这道数学题对我来说太难了，做不出。too to 可以与enough to 和so that 转换.与 enough to 转换时,enough 前的形容词,副词必须是 too 后面形容词,副词的反义词,并使用其否定句式.She is too young to do the work.=she isn t old enough to do the work.与so that 转换时,that 后面的从句要用否定形式.Tom is too tired to walk any farther.=Tom is so tired that he can t walk any farther.6.cost 1)动词,花费 价值(多少钱)How much did it cost?这花了多少钱？I didn t buy it because it cost too much.我没有买，因为它太贵了。The meal cost us about 100 yuan.这顿饭花费了我大约 100 块 3.7.pay,spend,cost,take 的区别pay 花费(多少钱),主语是人.Sb.pay some money for sth.I paid 5000 yuan for the computer last week.我上个星期花了 5000 买电脑。Spend 花费(多少钱或时间),主语是人.Sb.spend some money on sth.Sb.spend some time(in)doing sth.I spent 5000 yuan on the computer last week.She spent 2 hours(in)doing her homework.她花了 2个小时做作业。cost 花费(多少钱),主语是物.Sth.cost sb.some money.This jacket cost him 200 dollars.这件夹克衫花费她200 美元。take 花费(时间),主语为 It It takes sb.some time to do sth.花费某人多少时间做某事How long does it take sb.to do sth?花费某人多少时间做某事?It took Liu Hong 2 hours to do her homework.刘红花了 2 个小时做作业。8.sleep,sleeping,sleepy,asleep,fall asleep,be asleep sleep 动词,睡觉,强调动作.I am very tired.I want to sleep.我很累，想睡觉。sleeping,Sleep 的现在分词,表示“正在睡觉”Don t make so much noise.The baby is sleeping.不要这么吵，宝宝在睡觉。sleepy 想睡觉的,困倦的.I am a little sleepy.I d like to go to bed.我有点困了，我想去床上睡觉了。asleep 睡着了的.The teacher found Tom asleep in class and kept him behind after school.老师发现汤姆上课睡觉，放学后就把他留了下来。fall asleep 强调从没有睡着到睡着的过程,不能接一段时间I couldn t fall asleep until it was very late last night.我昨天晚上到很晚才睡着。be asleep 表示睡着后的状态,“睡着了”,可以接一段时间.He was asleep for three hours.他睡了 3 个小时。9.choose 动词,“选择,挑选”,过去式 chose,过去分词 chosen choose to do sth.选择做某事We choose Mike as our leader(领导).我们选择迈克作为我们的领导。Will you help me choose a dictionary?你会帮我选一本字典吗？10.open(1)动词,打开,开业,开张,展现名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 5 页，共 14 页 -6 Would you mind opening the window?你介意我把窗户打开吗？(2)形容词,be open 开着的,开放的On weekends the swimming pool is open to the public.在周末，这个游泳池是对公众开放的。close 动词,关闭,关上,合上closed 形容词,be closed 关着的,关闭的11.rather than 而不是 后面跟名词,代词,从句The color seems