2022年倒装用法归纳 .pdf
Unit5 Grammar Inversion（倒装）英语部分倒装用法归纳（Partial Inversion）1.否定副词位于句首时的倒装在正式文体中，never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,no sooner,no longer,nowhere 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首，则其后要用部分倒装：I shall never forgive him./Never shall I forgive him.我永远不会宽恕他。He seldom goes out for dinner./Seldom does he go out for dinner.他很少出去吃饭。She hardly has time to listen to music./Hardly does she have time to listen to music.她几乎没时间听音乐。He little realizes how important this meeting is./Little does he realize how important this meeting is.他不甚明白这个会议的重要性。We had no sooner reached the airport than the plane took off./No sooner had we reached the airport than the plane took off.我们刚到机场,飞机就起飞了。【注意】(1)对于 not until句型，当not until位于句首时，其后的主句要用倒装语序：He didn t leave the room until the rain stopped./Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room.雨停了之后他才离开这房间。(2)某些起副词作用的介词短语，由于含有否定词，若位于句首，其后要用部分倒装：On no accounts must this switch be touched.这个开关是绝不能触摸的。In Under no circumstances will I lend money to him.无论如何我也不会再借钱给他了。但是，in no time(立即，马上)位于句首时，其后无需用倒装语序：In no time he worked out the problem.他马上就算出了那道题。2.“only+状语”位于句首时的倒装当一个状语受副词only 的修饰且置于句首时，其后用部分倒装语序：Only then did he realize that he was wrong.到那时他才意识到他错了。Only in this way are you able to do it well.你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened.当他回到家里时，才知道出了什么事。3.“so+adj./adv.”位于句首时的倒装副词 so 后接形容词或副词位于句首时，其后用部分倒装：So cold was the weather that we had to stay at home.天气太冷，我们只好呆在家里。So fast does light travel that we can hardly imagine its speed.光速很快，我们几乎没法想像它的速度。So sudden was the attack that we had no time to escape.袭击来得非常突然，我们来不及逃跑。4.“so+助动词+主语”倒装当要表示前面提出的某一肯定的情况也同样适合于后者，通常就要用“So+助动词+主语”这种倒装结构：You are young and so am I.你年轻，我也年轻。She likes music and so do I.她喜欢音乐，我也喜欢。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 1 页，共 3 页 -If he can do it,so can I.要是他能做此事，我也能。【注意】(1)若前面提出某一否定的情况，要表示后者也属于同样的否定情况，则应将其中的so 改为 neither 或 nor：You aren t young and neither am I.你不年轻，我也不年轻。She hasn t read it and nor have I.她没有读它，我也没有读。(2)注意该结构与表示强调或同意的“so+主语+特殊动词”结构的区别：It was cold yesterday.So it was.“昨天很冷。”“的确很冷。”Father,you promised.Well,so I did.“爸爸，你答应过的。”“嗯，是答应过。”5.由 not onlybut also引出的倒装当 not only but also位于句首引出句子时，not only 后的句子通常用部分倒装形式：Not only is he a teacher,but he is also a poet.他不仅是一位教师，而且是一位诗人。Not only did he speak more correctly,but he spoke more easily.不仅他讲得更正确，也讲得更不费劲了。6.虚拟条件句的省略与倒装当 if 引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had,were,should 等时，如将 if 省略，则要将 had,were,should等移到主语前，构成倒装句：Had you come yesterday,you would have seen him.若你昨天来，你就会见到他了。Should you require anything give me a ring.如果需要什么，可以给我打电话。Were it not for your help,I would still be homeless.要不是你帮助，我会仍然无家可归。【注意】省略if后提前的had 不一定是助动词：Had I money,I would buy it.假若我有钱，我就会买它。完全倒装的四种主要类型（Full Inversion）1.here 和 there位于句首时的倒装表示地点的here 和 there 位于句首时，其后用完全倒装形式。这类倒装句的谓语通常是动词be 和 come,go 等表示移动或动态的不及物动词：Here s Tom.汤姆在这里。There s Jim.吉姆在那儿。Here comes the bus.公共汽车来了。There goes the bell.铃响了。There goes the last train.最后一班火车开走了。【注意】(1)以上倒装句中的谓语动词come 和 go 不能用进行时态，即不能说Here is coming the bus。(2)若主语为代词，则不倒装：Here I am.我在这儿。/我来了。Here it comes.它来了。(3)其中的动词有时也可能是stand,lie,live 等表示状态的动词(表示存在)：There stood a desk against the wall.靠墙放着一张书桌。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 2 页，共 3 页 -Once upon a time there lived a man known by the name of Beef.从前有个人名叫比夫。2.away和 down 等位于句首时的倒装地点副词away,down,in,off,out,over,round,up 等位于句首时，其后用完全倒装语序。这类倒装句的谓语通常表示动态的不及物动词：Away went the runners.赛跑选手们跑远了。Round and round flew the plane.飞机盘旋着。The door opened and in came Mr Smith.门开了，史密斯先生进了来。Down came the rain and up went the umbrellas.下雨了，伞都撑起来了。【注意】若主语为人称代词，则不能用倒装：Away he went.他跑远了。Down it came.它掉了下来。3.状语或表语位于句首时的倒装为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接紧密，有时可将状语或表语置于句首，句中主语和谓语完全倒装：Among these people was his friend Jim.他的朋友吉姆就在这些人当中。By the window sat a young man with a magazine in his hand.窗户边坐着一个年轻人，手里拿着一本杂志。【注意】在表语置于句首的这类倒装结构中，要注意其中的谓语应与其后的主语保持一致，而不是与位于句首的表语保持一致。比较：In the box was a cat.箱子里是一只猫。In the box were some cats.箱子里是一些猫。4.分词和不定式置于句首的倒装有时为了强调，可将谓语部分的现在分词、过去分词或不定式置于句首，从而构成倒装：Buried in the sands was an ancient village.一个古老的村庄被埋在这沙土之中。Standing beside the table was his wife.站在桌旁的是他的妻子。To be carefully considered are the following questions.下列问题要仔细考虑。名师资料总结-精品资料欢迎下载-名师精心整理-第 3 页，共 3 页 -
